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Online since: May 2011
Authors: Ying Zhang, Chun Rong Zhao
Based on present situation of chinese ecology community construction, some strategies are presented, incuding that the first is urban planning at macro-level; the second is spatial plan, transportation system, service facilities and green space system at medium measure; the third is water environment plan, energy plan, architectural design from at micro level; the fourth is community housing structure and public participation from social policies.
·Professionals—the understanding of low-carbon ecological community incompletely A lot of designers still confine the understanding of low-carbon ecological community to the engineering aspect, for example, source, energy, applications for environmental protection technology, and then it cause to one-sided lay too much stress on constructions of physical environments .
·Water environment program There should use rainwater collection technology, wastewater renovation, man-made wetland ecosystem and porous pavement.
Based on present situation of chinese ecology community construction, some strategies are presented,incuding urban planning at macro-level; spatial plan transportation system, service facilities and green space system at medium measure; water environment plan, energy plan, architectural design from at micro level; community housing structure and public participation from social policies.
·Professionals—the understanding of low-carbon ecological community incompletely A lot of designers still confine the understanding of low-carbon ecological community to the engineering aspect, for example, source, energy, applications for environmental protection technology, and then it cause to one-sided lay too much stress on constructions of physical environments .
·Water environment program There should use rainwater collection technology, wastewater renovation, man-made wetland ecosystem and porous pavement.
Based on present situation of chinese ecology community construction, some strategies are presented,incuding urban planning at macro-level; spatial plan transportation system, service facilities and green space system at medium measure; water environment plan, energy plan, architectural design from at micro level; community housing structure and public participation from social policies.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Ji He Zhou, Xiao An Long
Study methods
The test is carried in Chinese aerodynamic research and development center of low speed aerodynamic Institute, first the water tunnel experiment, then the wind tunnel test.
The water tunnel experiments The total length of the tunnel is 15.76m; the test section size is 0.4m*0. 4m, the length is 1.5m.
The .state of the experiment was recorded by OLYPUS camera The models used in the water tunnel experiment are four real arrows, DIVA20, DIVA19 produced in France, E1912 and E1914 produced in America.
Using tail support way to fix the model in test section lifting turntable, by manually change the turntable slip angle of β to meet the change of of attack angle α In the experiment, the water pipe is dyed on arrow head front and arrows front layout, from the catheter spout water dyeing water release to complete the display of flow around the model.
Water tunnel experiment arrows have 2 kinds of feather, the arrow with spiral plastic pinna and arrow with straight one.
The water tunnel experiments The total length of the tunnel is 15.76m; the test section size is 0.4m*0. 4m, the length is 1.5m.
The .state of the experiment was recorded by OLYPUS camera The models used in the water tunnel experiment are four real arrows, DIVA20, DIVA19 produced in France, E1912 and E1914 produced in America.
Using tail support way to fix the model in test section lifting turntable, by manually change the turntable slip angle of β to meet the change of of attack angle α In the experiment, the water pipe is dyed on arrow head front and arrows front layout, from the catheter spout water dyeing water release to complete the display of flow around the model.
Water tunnel experiment arrows have 2 kinds of feather, the arrow with spiral plastic pinna and arrow with straight one.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Meng Cai, Kai Michael Griese, Jia Ni Tang
However, actually it is not that “green” as people think, which can also have negative environmental influences arising from travelling to the meeting, heating and cooling the venue, the catering for meals and accommodation and the materials provided, leading to consume natural resources (energy, water), generate waste and cause local air and water pollution, and contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions.
Within each standard, 8 areas are targeted— Staff Management and Environment Policy, Communications, Waste, Energy, Air Quality, Water, Procurement, Community Partners.
The standards have been discussed and modified by both meeting professionals all over the world and over 200 non-industry stakeholders, which means it is an international standard.
If one of the nine boards is shorter than the standard height, the whole bucket can just be filled with water depends on the shortest one and cannot belong to the standard bucket or superior bucket.
If there is no need to hold meetings in person, electronic meetings can not only reduce the money, consumption and waste but also minimize the air and water pollution pertain to transportation.
Within each standard, 8 areas are targeted— Staff Management and Environment Policy, Communications, Waste, Energy, Air Quality, Water, Procurement, Community Partners.
The standards have been discussed and modified by both meeting professionals all over the world and over 200 non-industry stakeholders, which means it is an international standard.
If one of the nine boards is shorter than the standard height, the whole bucket can just be filled with water depends on the shortest one and cannot belong to the standard bucket or superior bucket.
If there is no need to hold meetings in person, electronic meetings can not only reduce the money, consumption and waste but also minimize the air and water pollution pertain to transportation.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Hong Yuan Zhang, Ying Hong Liu
A Study on Risk System of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering
Hongyuan Zhang
Changchun Institute of Technology (130012), Jilin of China
Zhanghongyuan1970@126.com
Yinghong Liu
Changchun City Experimental High School (130000) Jilin of China
pronounce@eyou.com
Key Words: Water Conservancy and Hydropower Construction Project; Risk Management; Risk Identification; Risk Assessment
Abstract: Water conservancy and hydropower projects are the important parts of national capital construction.
Since the reform and opening up, it has been 30 years,construction trade develops fast and the construction market takes initial shape.Butwith the constant development of the reform and opening up and national economy,higher request is put forward in construction engineering and construction trade, withmany characteristics of large investment, long time, high construction difficulty, complicated technology and engineering participants in water conservancy and hydropower construction project, and many unforeseen factors occur in construction process.
Transferring risks includes two ways: selling, namely risks are transferred to other units by buying and selling; contracting, namely to obtain financial engineering services from the external of executive organization, then risks are transferred; insurance and guarantee, insurance is a commonly used method with only a company pays premium to the insurance company and can it will get compensation when accident occurs, and guarantee refers to the promise that other corporation banks etc. take indirect responsibility for project risk, and through the commitment, owners can transfer uncertain risks to guarantors. 3 Examples for Risk Management of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Construction Engineering Project Water Conservation Bureau of Baicheng City of Jilin Province is the governing unit of engineering construction, whose annual production value reaches RMB 200 to 300 million Yuan and mainly involves in more than 10 construction engineering projects of reservoirs, dams, hydropower
station, and the farmland water conservancy project etc..
In addition, through the engineering silent price contract, we shall fully depend on and play the role of the professional role of financial consultants and financial supervision etc. a series of control measures and methods, make the actual investment of the construction project controlled in the planned target investment values. 3.2 Strengthen the Core Position of Engineering Contract Management Market economy is the legal economy and credit economy.
Since the reform and opening up, it has been 30 years,construction trade develops fast and the construction market takes initial shape.Butwith the constant development of the reform and opening up and national economy,higher request is put forward in construction engineering and construction trade, withmany characteristics of large investment, long time, high construction difficulty, complicated technology and engineering participants in water conservancy and hydropower construction project, and many unforeseen factors occur in construction process.
Transferring risks includes two ways: selling, namely risks are transferred to other units by buying and selling; contracting, namely to obtain financial engineering services from the external of executive organization, then risks are transferred; insurance and guarantee, insurance is a commonly used method with only a company pays premium to the insurance company and can it will get compensation when accident occurs, and guarantee refers to the promise that other corporation banks etc. take indirect responsibility for project risk, and through the commitment, owners can transfer uncertain risks to guarantors. 3 Examples for Risk Management of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Construction Engineering Project Water Conservation Bureau of Baicheng City of Jilin Province is the governing unit of engineering construction, whose annual production value reaches RMB 200 to 300 million Yuan and mainly involves in more than 10 construction engineering projects of reservoirs, dams, hydropower
station, and the farmland water conservancy project etc..
In addition, through the engineering silent price contract, we shall fully depend on and play the role of the professional role of financial consultants and financial supervision etc. a series of control measures and methods, make the actual investment of the construction project controlled in the planned target investment values. 3.2 Strengthen the Core Position of Engineering Contract Management Market economy is the legal economy and credit economy.
Online since: October 2008
Authors: Zhu Ding, Feng Xing, Jian Zhi Xu
But both
CP and CPr should be applied throughout the remaining service life of a structure and may be controlled and monitored by professionals.
Free chloride content was determined by grinding power in different areas around steel. 2g of the power was immersed in 30mL distilled water for 24h.
Then the water was filtered to get the concentration of chloride ions by a Titrando device.
Free chloride content was determined by grinding power in different areas around steel. 2g of the power was immersed in 30mL distilled water for 24h.
Then the water was filtered to get the concentration of chloride ions by a Titrando device.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Iva Poslušná, Hana Urbášková
The building is heated and cooled using thermal pumps, it recycles rainwater from its roofs and paved areas of the garden and uses it for flushing toilets and watering the garden.
Apart from teaching spaces for experiments performed by school teams, the “Open Garden” also offers interactive teaching routes, stations for watching seasonal natural phenomena, stations designed for understanding physical phenomena and elements and for using the energy of the Sun, wind or water, as well as touch and smell routes for the handicapped.
During construction, students had the opportunity to see for themselves that in order to achieve quality, cooperation among the project designer, investor, construction supervisor and construction companies is crucial since a passive-standard house will work only when everything - the house design, project and construction - is provided by professionals.
Apart from teaching spaces for experiments performed by school teams, the “Open Garden” also offers interactive teaching routes, stations for watching seasonal natural phenomena, stations designed for understanding physical phenomena and elements and for using the energy of the Sun, wind or water, as well as touch and smell routes for the handicapped.
During construction, students had the opportunity to see for themselves that in order to achieve quality, cooperation among the project designer, investor, construction supervisor and construction companies is crucial since a passive-standard house will work only when everything - the house design, project and construction - is provided by professionals.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Zhen Feng Suo, Hong Liang, Ying Han
Hierarchical description of water distribution network of professional data sheet: Water pipe network professional data layer explains: drainage manholes layer, drainage layer drains, drainage district planning, catchment areas, pumping stations, overflow weir, door, pipe and canal gates, Sluice, drainage households, sewage treatment plant.
3.5 Logical structure design
Basic topographic data covers the main city of Kunming, its main function is assisting network data positioning, showing that basic information of the terrain, which is convenient to user positioning and understanding, and at the same time assisting network data calibrate by the terrain attribute. ( It is shown in Fig. 3)
The geometric network of Geodatabase model can describe well all the connections between facilities with GIS analysis function of urban drainage system.According to the geometry of these facilities abstract as point elements and linear element.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Jun Xi Bi, Jin Feng Li, Li Qin Wang, Xiang Xin He, Shi Ming Gan
But through the improvement of the screw material and production process, reasonable design screw structure, shorten the length of the incoming period, improve material flow, reduce foundation resistance, can reduce the strength of the screw.How to design the most reasonable screw, this need professionals through a lot of practical experience available.
This kind of independent feeding section length is a water jacket, with advanced computer control device and water set of temperature control.
This kind of independent feeding section length is a water jacket, with advanced computer control device and water set of temperature control.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Wen Sheng Liang, Shi Wei Zhang, Zhi Jun Zhang
All measuring operations are the manual
skill, it means that the testing operators must be specially trained and have to master the professional
theory and testing craftsmanship.
The whole test equipment and measuring process are automatically controlled by the two-stage control system with upper computer and lower mono-plate processor, so that requirement of the professional theory and testing craftsmanship for the test operators is independent and depressed.
Fig 1 Diagram of the automatic testing equipment for diffusion pump performances Fig. 2 The fault tree of the test equipment for diffusion vacuum pump performance Table 1 List of event notations symbols events symbols events 0 Equipment cannot work X20 fault of signal circuit 1 elevating device fault 5 fault of vacuum system X1 mechanical fault of elevating device X21 fault of control system A motor fault of elevating device X22 fault of power-off X2 mechanical fault of elevating motor F fault of diffusion vacuum pump X3 fault of control system X23 fault of electric heater B fault of upper and lower limit switches X24 fault of cooling-water supply X4 mechanical fault of limit switches G fault of pump oil oxidation X5 fault of shifters C2 condition 2: during pump working X6 fault of signal circuit X28 fault of charge valve (not closed or leak) 2 fault of gas throughput regulating device H
fault of sliding vane rotary vacuum pump X7 mechanical fault of needle adjusting valve X25 mechanical fault of sliding vane rotary vacuum pump X8 mechanical fault of driving device X24 fault of cooling-water supply C fault of stepper motor I fault of back-flowing of oil by rotary vacuum pump X9 mechanical fault of stepper motor C3 condition 3: while turn-off or power-off X10 fault of stepper motor driver X29 fault of break valve with charging (no charge ) 3 fault of gas throughput measuring device J fault of valves X11 mechanical fault of glass tube X26 fault of backing valve X12 fault of test valve (not closed) X27 fault of by-pass valve X13 mechanical fault of optical fiber holders X28 charge valve D fault of back-flowing of oil by glass tube X29 fault of break valve with charging C1 condition 1: during measuring 6 fault of control system X12 fault of test valve (not opened)
The whole test equipment and measuring process are automatically controlled by the two-stage control system with upper computer and lower mono-plate processor, so that requirement of the professional theory and testing craftsmanship for the test operators is independent and depressed.
Fig 1 Diagram of the automatic testing equipment for diffusion pump performances Fig. 2 The fault tree of the test equipment for diffusion vacuum pump performance Table 1 List of event notations symbols events symbols events 0 Equipment cannot work X20 fault of signal circuit 1 elevating device fault 5 fault of vacuum system X1 mechanical fault of elevating device X21 fault of control system A motor fault of elevating device X22 fault of power-off X2 mechanical fault of elevating motor F fault of diffusion vacuum pump X3 fault of control system X23 fault of electric heater B fault of upper and lower limit switches X24 fault of cooling-water supply X4 mechanical fault of limit switches G fault of pump oil oxidation X5 fault of shifters C2 condition 2: during pump working X6 fault of signal circuit X28 fault of charge valve (not closed or leak) 2 fault of gas throughput regulating device H
fault of sliding vane rotary vacuum pump X7 mechanical fault of needle adjusting valve X25 mechanical fault of sliding vane rotary vacuum pump X8 mechanical fault of driving device X24 fault of cooling-water supply C fault of stepper motor I fault of back-flowing of oil by rotary vacuum pump X9 mechanical fault of stepper motor C3 condition 3: while turn-off or power-off X10 fault of stepper motor driver X29 fault of break valve with charging (no charge ) 3 fault of gas throughput measuring device J fault of valves X11 mechanical fault of glass tube X26 fault of backing valve X12 fault of test valve (not closed) X27 fault of by-pass valve X13 mechanical fault of optical fiber holders X28 charge valve D fault of back-flowing of oil by glass tube X29 fault of break valve with charging C1 condition 1: during measuring 6 fault of control system X12 fault of test valve (not opened)
Online since: June 2013
Authors: C. Cristofari, F. Motte, G. Notton, J.L. Canaletti
An European citizen uses 36 litres of 60 °C hot water daily with tendency for increase in future [5].
The energy to produce hot water is rising slightly because the comfort level sought now is greater than the level accepted in the past.
A solar collector is a good and sustainable solution for heating water and can efficiently provide up to 80% of the hot water needs, without fuel cost or pollution and with minimal O&M expense.
The obstacles are numerous: financial, technical and psychological obstacles, incompetent professionals or building standards too conservatives [6].
Similarly, we simulated the output water temperature in the following conditions: serial connexion of the thermal module, water flow rate equal to 140 L.h-1 We chose these conditions in view to be in the conditions which are the most similar to the real operating conditions.
The energy to produce hot water is rising slightly because the comfort level sought now is greater than the level accepted in the past.
A solar collector is a good and sustainable solution for heating water and can efficiently provide up to 80% of the hot water needs, without fuel cost or pollution and with minimal O&M expense.
The obstacles are numerous: financial, technical and psychological obstacles, incompetent professionals or building standards too conservatives [6].
Similarly, we simulated the output water temperature in the following conditions: serial connexion of the thermal module, water flow rate equal to 140 L.h-1 We chose these conditions in view to be in the conditions which are the most similar to the real operating conditions.