Search results

It use KPCA(Kernel Principal Component Analysis) to nonlinear dimension reduction and can use historical parametric data to forecast ORP, DO and ammonia nitrogen through WNN.
Soft measurement model is shown in figure 1: Fig.1 Sewage treatment controlling system based on ANN Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) Extraction condition data X (m×n) , m is the number of data used, n is the number of data variables.
The main implementation of system Select 368 groups data of condition from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, including 276 sets of data as WNN training samples, 92 sets of data as the test samples, the trained network model for testing.
Summary This paper mainly studied the soft measurement technology of wavelet neural network ‘s parameters in the application of the sewage treatment control system.And the paper used kernel principal component analysis and gradient descent method for dimension reduction of the neural network input variables and correction connection weights.The simulation experimental results show that the parameters of the soft measurement model based on wavelet neural network and on-line measuring instruments able to track the change of reaction process parameter information.In the case of different water quality, wastewater treatment soft measurement control system has good dynamic and stability to achieve the purpose of efficient wastewater treatment.The following work according to specific application environment optimization of the parameters of soft measurement system model, energy conservation and afforestation.

Future research should prioritize corrosion-resistant, biocompatible alloys, refine additive manufacturing for complex designs, gather long-term biocompatibility data, and improve recycling methods.
On the other hand, in-vivo data reveals a more complex picture.
The Sustainability Imperative: A Quantitative Assessment A holistic assessment of manganese must include a critical evaluation of its environmental lifecycle, anchored by quantitative data. 8.1 Mining and Processing Impacts The extraction and processing of manganese ore have significant ecological and human health consequences.
Process improvements like pre-heating and pre-reduction of ores can yield energy savings of 400-500 kWh/ton, a reduction of around 20% [20].
There is a critical lack of long-term biocompatibility data, and the optimization of additive manufacturing processes is ongoing.

Average grains intercept of ZTA with various amount of binder Density data for ZTA with different amount of PVA is shown in Fig. 4.
From the data, ZTA composite with the addition of PVA has slightly decrease in density from 3.34 g/cm3 to 3.02 g/cm3 when more PVA is added from 1 wt. % to 5 wt. %.
Therefore, the average grain intercept data shown in Fig. 3 support this density data where the value of AGI of the sample with 4 wt. % of PVA is the lowest.
This density data shows an increase in density compared to the density data shown in Fig. 4.Even the composite without binder showing an increase from 3.438 g/cm3 (0 wt. % PEG-no carbon) to 4.044 g/cm3 (0 wt. % PEG-carbon).
This can be supported by the microstructure in Fig. 9 and AGI data in Fig. 10.

The aim of this method is to integrate experimental and theoretical data, using finite element models to better represent the dynamic behaviour of structures.
By combining experimental and theoretical data, this study offers new opportunities for understanding and modelling dynamic behaviour.
· Produce data files related to the modal problem
Flexibility of data: The technique successfully utilizes experimental or theoretical databases, with no need for full mass and stiffness matrices of the original structure. 5.
The possible uses of the technique are wide-ranging, especially with regard to saving time and cost in the prototyping and refurbishing phases of models from given data.

Five consecutive data points were gathered for each measurement. 1.4 Flat plate solar collector Measurements The experimental work involved experiments conducted on the rig equipped with three types of working fluids, namely water only, ethylene glycol only, and the hybrid nanofluid.
The detailed specifications of the data for the solar collector are listed in Table 1.
This data would be insufficient in describing the collector and therefore data must be taken throughout the course of a given time in order to take the average efficiency.
η=mCpTout-TinICAC (2) The following instrumentation was used: Type K Thermocouples, G ½ Flow Sensor, Microprocessor Data Acquisition board, and a Daystar Solar Meter.
Potential of Size Reduction of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors when Applying Al2O3 Nanofluid.

The obtained data are presented in table 1.
Application of yttria (Y2O3) as a stabilizer allows obtaining a tetragonal modification of zirconium dioxide in the amount of » 70 mas. % [4] at the stage of nanopowder plasmochemical synthesis, which coincided with experimental data (see table 1).
According to X-ray diffraction analysis data, CSR (of crystallites) amounts to 50 nm.
From literature data [9] we know the results on radial magnetoimpulse pressing of composition ZrO2 + 9,8 mol. % Y2O3, obtained by the method of laser evaporation, close in chemical composition to C2, used in the work.
In RMI-compacts with zirconium dioxide the magnitude of internal stresses is low due to their low density, this explains the absence of the effect of high-temperature decompaction in the process of sintering, which is confirmed by dilatometric data (Netzsch 402PC).

Gabor facial feature selection using Adaboost For face image feature, if we use five scales and eight directions in the two-dimensional Gabor wavelet transform, it can produces 40 × M × N dimension of high dimensional feature vectors for an M × N samples, so we must conduct dimensionality reduction.
Using PCA (principal component analysis) to dimensionality reduction, we need matrix operations and consume a certain amount of computing time and storage space, and if the dimensions reduce excessive, then it cannot fully reflect the differences between the samples.
In order to solve this problem, a more direct method is to select a small part from the high dimensional feature that has a strong ability to distinguish to form the classifier. thus avoiding the dimensionality reduction operation performed in the classification process.
Figure 3 Level detection classifier Negative sample 1 Negative sample 2 Negative sample 3 Positive sample Strong classifier 1 Strong classifier 2 Strong classifier 3 The experiment results and analysis Do the experiment using YaLe face database.The data is made up of 15 people, 11 images of each, and the resolution is 320 x 243 pixels.
In order to test the effect of feature selection with Adaboost and the classifier performance, table 2 compared with the recognition effect using different dimension reduction methods and different classifier.

Because it is difficult to have quantitative data, we usually think that the bigger is the compression ratio, the better is the organization and performance.
In the process of Fig.3 (b) - Fig.3 (e), with the increase of reduction, the amount of metal width increases too.
The reduction at segmentation place is greater than other places and equivalent stress also is such.
In Fig.3 (e), mainly because after replacing the hole pattern ,the rolling reduction reduced, and the lateral width spread is no longer limited by the roll ring, the stress of each position has declined, so that metal go along the leg upward mobility.
As can be seen from Fig.3 (f) BD2 cogging mill first pass ~ Fig.3 (i) BD2 cogging mill fourth pass, because the rolling reduction of Fig.3 (f) and Fig.3 (h) mainly concentrate in web plate, equivalent stress is also mainly concentrated in the web plate, respectively 214Mpa and 253Mpa.The equivalent stress of the junction of web plate and flange is relatively small, respectively 178Mpa and 191Mpa.

All the IR data confirmed the presence of the nitro group (C-NO2), and the 1H and 13C NMR analyses indicated that the nitration occurred exclusively at the C-3 position on hydroxyquinone.
Mechanism of synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone (2) The selective reduction of aryl nitro compounds in the presence of carbonyl, generally, stannous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid is one of the classic reagents for reduction of nitro to the target amine, because stannous chloride fails to reduce carbonyl group under the condition of reduction of nitro.
However, in our present study reduction with stannous chloride led to the formation of transitional product of 3-amino-l,2,4-trihydroxynaphthalene since both carbonyl and nitro groups were reduced.

These ceramics devices have replaced metallic resonant cavities successfully with significant size reduction, by a factor of the order of εr 1/2, favoring the miniaturization of microwave devices such as oscillators and filters [1].
Table 2 - Data of grain size deduced by Scherrer equation [nm] Milling time (h) * Pico TiO2 ♦Pico ZrO2 ♦Pico ZrO2 +Pico ZTS 5 66,1 36,6 29,4 40,8 15 45,9 44,3 23,9 17,7 30 26,6 29,8 26,3 --------- 45 --------- 17,0 15,6 --------- 60 --------- 9,7 14,7 --------- In general, there was a markedly decrease in grain size and it can be said that ball milling was very efficient in grain refinement.
It has been suggested that mechanical activated synthesis occurs in two stages: in the first one, there is a grain size reduction followed by a second stage, when the reaction takes place [11,12].
In this case both, reaction and grain size reduction, took place simultaneously.
When grain size reduction occurs, it is expected a strong agglomeration of the resuting powder.