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The carbothermal reduction process is promising due to the potential to cut cost; however it remains the formidable technical chanllenges.
The AlCl disproportionation process in vacuum is developed from the direct carbothermal process, in which the metallic aluminum product is apart from the byproducts and the unreacted raw materials; furthermore, the required temperatures are lower than for the direct carbothermal reduction process [6-8].
The process comprises two stages: Firstly the carbothermal reduction-chlorination of alumina generates gaseous AlCl and CO at higher temperatures, and then the AlCl gas disproportionates to metallic aluminum and gaseous AlCl3 at lower temperatures.
(1) Based on the data of HSC, the standard Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG0) of reaction (1) at 300K-1900K were calculated and shown in Fig.1.

The reduction in the low momentum fraction for the sample deposited at the temperature above 300 0C is associated with the reduction in the average size of the defect allowing more annihilation with high momentum electrons.
From the S-W map shown in Fig. 2(b) it can be seen that most data points in the map cluster in the same region, indicating that there are no qualitative difference in the defect structure for the high temperature samples but only a relaxation of its size.
On longer illumination period there is a net loss of hydrogen from the annihilation sites leading to a lower penetration into the annihilation site of the low momentum dangling bonds, and a reduction in the S parameter.

When the value of this parameter is increased, the wire is less prone to breakage due to the reduction of the cutting speed.
It was calculated using the Eq. 1, where y is the observed data and n is the number of observation
(1) Results and Data Analysis Table 2 shows the results obtained for the machining time and the average surface roughness, as well as the S/N ratio (smaller the better).
Taking into account that the cutting parameters shown in experiment 5 (Table 2) are very similar to the ones provided by the software of the CNC machine tool as the initial values, a reduction of the machining time of 4.65% could be expected, as well as a reduction of the surface roughness equal to 4.60% when comparing the values provided by the desirability analysis and the initial ones of the experiment 5.
This method allowed a reduction of 4.65% for the machining time, and a reduction of 4.60% for the surface roughness when the set of cutting parameters obtained was compared to the initial values commonly used in WEDM of AISI D2 tool steel.

Some researchers had investigated the water resistance of MPC, the test data proved that strength of MPC reduced to some extent after long immersion in water [5-7].
The reduction of fly as dosage in MBC binder was helpful to the strength development.
The test data show F2 had a small strength reduction in the first 14d immersion, compared with sample F1.
The crystal grains accumulation decreased cementation of paste itself, resulting in strength reduction.
The reduction of fly as dosage in MBC binder was helpful to the strength development.

Reduction of the grain size in RS material (see Fig. 1d) is another positive aspect ascribed to the combination of rapid solidification and plastic consolidation technology.
Some data [14] for RS Al-2Fe-2Ni-5Mg alloy are also shown for comparison purposes.
It can be noticed that increasing of deformation temperature results in slightly marked reduction of the maximum true stress for RS Al-1Fe-1Ni-5Mg alloy.
For the purpose of comparison the data for as-extruded RS Al-2Fe-2Ni-5Mg material is also shown [14]; (b) Vickers microhardness of hot deformed samples vs. deformation temperature for IM and RS samples of Al-1Fe-1Ni-5Mg alloy.
The hardness reduction with increased deformation temperature was ascribed to intense recovery rather than any particles coarsening processes.

In undeformed materials GBM which refers to the movement of a gb separating two grains relative to the material that makes up those grains will be driven by grain boundaries energy reduction while in deformed polycrystalline materials GBM will additionally be driven by strain energy (i.e. built up of lattice defects during deformation) reduction.
Recovery refers to energy reduction by annihilation of dislocations and their energy efficient rearrangement in the subgrain scale.
Full crystallographic orientation data (precision of <0.5 °) were obtained from EBSD patterns using a 20 kV acceleration voltage and a beam current of 50 nA.
Central grains have a textural component overlay depicting the relative difference (0° (light grey)-10° (dark grey)) in crystallographic orientation to the data point marked with a cross.
The preferred movement of gbs into areas of high lattice distortion additionally results in the reduction of low angle boundaries.

As a result it has been established [1] that the application of high-damping alloys (HDAs) allows reduction of noise and vibration levels in various engineering devices [1, 3].
Reduction of noise and vibration level can be considered as a high-priority problem for large-scale steel structures adjacent to powerful or heavily vibrating industrial equipment, where vibration levels and emitted noise are very high.
Analysis of presented data shows that the steel 01Yu5T can be operated at temperatures up to T = -30oC.
Yamada, Application of damping alloy to noise reduction of structure borne sound in large steel structure, Journal of the INCE of Japan. 18 (1994) 317-323 (in Japanese)
Yamada et al, Use of new damping alloy to bridge structures for noise reduction, Journal of Constructional Steel. 2 (1994) 487-494 (in Japanese)

It is observed an increasing concentration of pores, leading to density reduction, porosity and air permeation increase.
Due to the increase of cracks’ concentration combined with porosity’s increase, it was observed a mechanical strength reduction.
With increasing cracks’ and pores’ concentration, a reduction in strength was observed as noted in previous samples.
After laboratory experiments, the data collected were processed in signal to noise (S/N), according to the desired characteristic.
Given the statistical considerations based on laboratory data, the combination that met the permeability requirements was sample 5.

To increase coefficient of utilization and reduction of the probability of macrobrittle fracture of cutting part to the level comparable with that of carbide tools.
Results of evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of ceramics Composition ρ, g/sm3 HV σb, GPa Аl2О3 3,935 1710 0,51 Аl2О3 – 3% АlN 3,952 1750 0,54 Аl2О3 – 6% АlN 3,970 1850 0,53 Аl2О3 – 10% АlN 3,975 1835 0,54 Аl2О3 – 15% АlN 3,938 1690 0,25 АlN 3,260 1230 0,21 The data presented in Table 1 allow noting that the density ρ increases slightly when content of AlN increases, and the density ρ reaches its maximum when the content of AlN is in a range of 6-10%.
Microhardness depends significantly on the ceramic composition and reaches its maximum at 6-10% AlN, which is associated with grinding of grains and reduction in porosity of ceramics.
The data presented in Table 3 prove that doping of oxide ceramics Al2O3 with aluminum nitride AlN significantly improves its cutting properties under dry cutting.
It was found out that coating Ti-TiCrN-TiCrAlSiN contributes to formation of more favourable contact processes, and that fact in turn leads to a reduction of the level of normal contact stresses on the front surface of the tool.

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