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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jaswar Jaswar, C.L Siow, Efi Afrizal
To compare the performance, both the CFD codes were tested and the CFD codes performance data were collected from the same computer processors.
Data communication time and burden can be reduced by reducing the number of halo cell and neighbours and then increase the performance of parallel computing.
From the executed data, it can observe that the pressure distribution is typically higher and unstable at the stern part (0.6 < X/(L/2) < 1).
This observation shown that the total time required for the parallel flow programming is not depending on the time used to perform the execution but also need to consider the time required for the data sending and communication.
Hence, these factors were causing the required execution time for this parallel CFD code become longer and it can predict that if the number of thread apply to parallelize the code increase, the overflow time due to communication time and data sending time will be increased.
Data communication time and burden can be reduced by reducing the number of halo cell and neighbours and then increase the performance of parallel computing.
From the executed data, it can observe that the pressure distribution is typically higher and unstable at the stern part (0.6 < X/(L/2) < 1).
This observation shown that the total time required for the parallel flow programming is not depending on the time used to perform the execution but also need to consider the time required for the data sending and communication.
Hence, these factors were causing the required execution time for this parallel CFD code become longer and it can predict that if the number of thread apply to parallelize the code increase, the overflow time due to communication time and data sending time will be increased.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Yan Li
Thus, according to the climate data analysis of Wuhan, the key point of building energy-saving depends on insulation and insulation of building envelope.
Table 1 Climate data for Wuhan (1971−2000) Climate data for Wuhan (1971−2000) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Average high °C 8 10.1 14.4 21.4 26.4 29.7 32.6 (°F) -46.4 -50.2 -57.9 -70.5 -79.5 -85.5 -90.7 Average low °C 0.4 2.4 6.6 12.9 18.2 22.3 25.4 (°F) -32.7 -36.3 -43.9 -55.2 -64.8 -72.1 -77.7 Precipitation mm 43.4 58.7 95 131.1 164.2 225 190.3 (inches) -1.709 -2.311 -3.74 -5.161 -6.465 -8.858 -7.492 Sunshine hours 106.5 102.8 115.5 151.2 181.4 179.5 232.1 Month Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C 32.5 27.9 22.7 16.5 10.8 21.1 (°F) -90.5 -82.2 -72.9 -61.7 -51.4 -70 Average low °C 24.9 19.9 13.9 7.6 2.3 13.1 (°F) -76.8 -67.8 -57 -45.7 -36.1 -55.6 Precipitation mm 111.7 79.7 92 51.8 26 1,269.00 (inches) -4.398 -3.138 -3.622 -2.039 -1.024 -49.961 Sunshine hours 241 176.7 161.2 144.3 136.5 1,928.60 Source: China Meteorological Administration.
China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System.
[4] State Council Information Office of the PRC host a press conference about Energy-saving and emission-reduction in Urban-Rural Development.
China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/index3.jsp?
Table 1 Climate data for Wuhan (1971−2000) Climate data for Wuhan (1971−2000) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Average high °C 8 10.1 14.4 21.4 26.4 29.7 32.6 (°F) -46.4 -50.2 -57.9 -70.5 -79.5 -85.5 -90.7 Average low °C 0.4 2.4 6.6 12.9 18.2 22.3 25.4 (°F) -32.7 -36.3 -43.9 -55.2 -64.8 -72.1 -77.7 Precipitation mm 43.4 58.7 95 131.1 164.2 225 190.3 (inches) -1.709 -2.311 -3.74 -5.161 -6.465 -8.858 -7.492 Sunshine hours 106.5 102.8 115.5 151.2 181.4 179.5 232.1 Month Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C 32.5 27.9 22.7 16.5 10.8 21.1 (°F) -90.5 -82.2 -72.9 -61.7 -51.4 -70 Average low °C 24.9 19.9 13.9 7.6 2.3 13.1 (°F) -76.8 -67.8 -57 -45.7 -36.1 -55.6 Precipitation mm 111.7 79.7 92 51.8 26 1,269.00 (inches) -4.398 -3.138 -3.622 -2.039 -1.024 -49.961 Sunshine hours 241 176.7 161.2 144.3 136.5 1,928.60 Source: China Meteorological Administration.
China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System.
[4] State Council Information Office of the PRC host a press conference about Energy-saving and emission-reduction in Urban-Rural Development.
China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/index3.jsp?
Online since: October 2014
Authors: K. Kadirgama, Z.A Zainal, R.A. Bakar, Devarajan Ramasamy
Measurements of engine speed, torque and fuel were done on an eddy current dynamometer, while measurements or in-cylinder pressure, crank angle and spark were analyzed from results taken by data acquisition system.
The sensors were integrated by using data acquisition system from, Agilent U2542A.
Data Acquisition System 9.
HC registered in average, 78% reduction comparison.
[7] Agilent Technologies, “Agilent U2500A Series USB Simultaneous Sampling Multifunction Data Acquisition Devices User ’ S Guide.” 2012
The sensors were integrated by using data acquisition system from, Agilent U2542A.
Data Acquisition System 9.
HC registered in average, 78% reduction comparison.
[7] Agilent Technologies, “Agilent U2500A Series USB Simultaneous Sampling Multifunction Data Acquisition Devices User ’ S Guide.” 2012
The Effect of Sintering Profiles on Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Prepared by Two-Stage Sintering
Online since: November 2021
Authors: Sivakumar Sivanesan, Teow Hsien Loong, Se Yong Eh Noum
Based on the data obtained, the ZTA composites with 10 vol% Y-TZP sintered at a heating rate of 10℃/min and holding time of 12 hours were able to achieve mechanical properties requirements set by the industry standard.
As for the decreasing trend for TSS 1 to TSS 6, the reduction in bulk density as the Y-TZP content increases could be caused by the decreasing amount of Y-TZP’s tetragonal grains.
As the Y-TZP content increases beyond 10 vol% Y-TZP content, a reduction in Vickers hardness was observed.
A significant reduction was observed in samples containing 15 and 20 vol% Y-TZP content sintered with TSS 5 and TSS 6.
The reduction in Vickers hardness also agrees with the works of [13,19], where the authors concluded that a materials’ bulk density greatly influenced its Vickers hardness.
As for the decreasing trend for TSS 1 to TSS 6, the reduction in bulk density as the Y-TZP content increases could be caused by the decreasing amount of Y-TZP’s tetragonal grains.
As the Y-TZP content increases beyond 10 vol% Y-TZP content, a reduction in Vickers hardness was observed.
A significant reduction was observed in samples containing 15 and 20 vol% Y-TZP content sintered with TSS 5 and TSS 6.
The reduction in Vickers hardness also agrees with the works of [13,19], where the authors concluded that a materials’ bulk density greatly influenced its Vickers hardness.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Majid Gholami, Maryam Sadeghi
The parameters for load forecasting are as customer classes, weather data, economic, humidity, time, illumination, and end use factors.
At first, FBs model being raised under IEC1131-3 and extends under IEC61499 evolving the Executed Control Chart (ECC) defines event driven state machine, event input and output variables, Data input output variables.
Algorithm is started by Executing code which is initiated with arrival of events and Performed by current data coinciding in the time of events fallen.
System comprises from three distributed weather stations install on three strategic points for handling the inputs data for predicting load demand.
Communications between three devices and control center has been provided via publish and subscribe FBs through the exclusive IP address defining the specified ports for reading and writing the data from predetermined addresses.
At first, FBs model being raised under IEC1131-3 and extends under IEC61499 evolving the Executed Control Chart (ECC) defines event driven state machine, event input and output variables, Data input output variables.
Algorithm is started by Executing code which is initiated with arrival of events and Performed by current data coinciding in the time of events fallen.
System comprises from three distributed weather stations install on three strategic points for handling the inputs data for predicting load demand.
Communications between three devices and control center has been provided via publish and subscribe FBs through the exclusive IP address defining the specified ports for reading and writing the data from predetermined addresses.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Indranil Chattoraj
(Based on data extracted from Fig. 10 of Ref. 2).
The table has been compiled based on the data of Table 2 of Ref. 5.
(2) It is evident that N addition will cause a reduction of the stacking fault energy.
Significant reduction in the ductility, measured through the fracture elongation, was noted.
However, the SSRT data presented by the authors (Fig. 9 of Ref. 11) is confusing as they show that amongst the annealed and aged samples, the least ductility was demonstrated by a sample which had sigma and c phase formation.
The table has been compiled based on the data of Table 2 of Ref. 5.
(2) It is evident that N addition will cause a reduction of the stacking fault energy.
Significant reduction in the ductility, measured through the fracture elongation, was noted.
However, the SSRT data presented by the authors (Fig. 9 of Ref. 11) is confusing as they show that amongst the annealed and aged samples, the least ductility was demonstrated by a sample which had sigma and c phase formation.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Ján Stebila, Alena Očkajová, Marek Rybakowski, Tomasz Rogozinski, Jana L'uptáková, L'uboš Krišták
Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
4Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, T.G.Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
aAlena.Ockajova@umb.sk, bJan.Stebila@umb.sk, cm.rybakowski@eti.uz.zgora.pl, dtrogoz@up.poznan.pl, ekristak@tuzvo.sk, fjana.luptakova@tuzvo.sk
Keywords: Sanding of wood and wood-based materials, types of sanders, wood dust, granularity, reduction of dust.
The first precondition to solve this problem is the knowledge of basic characteristics of dust particles such as size, shape and quantity of arising particles depending on changing factors in the interaction of machine – tool – workpiece which, to a considerable degree, decide on their dangerousness but also possible ways of their reduction.
The aim of the article is to compare the granulometric composition of wood sanding dust – the proportion of particles ≤ 80 µm in diameter depending on a type of the used sander (wide belt sander, narrow belt sander, hand belt sander, and hand disk sander), when sanding economically the most used broadleaved tree in the Slovak Republic Fagus silvatica and wood-based materials (MDF and particleboard) and point to possible technical safety measure for solving the reduction of this harmful factor in the operation.
On the basis of the data we can state that the particles caught on the sieve with the dimension of the opening 0.032 μm predominate as for the wide belt sander and narrow belt sander.
Thus, a starting point for an employer is the reduction of the harmful factor in the working environment through the collective protection equipment (HSE, 2012) [3, 22, 23], i.e. to use possibilities of various technical measures, organizational measures or others, and only finally to start with individual protection solving the problem through personal protective work equipment.
The first precondition to solve this problem is the knowledge of basic characteristics of dust particles such as size, shape and quantity of arising particles depending on changing factors in the interaction of machine – tool – workpiece which, to a considerable degree, decide on their dangerousness but also possible ways of their reduction.
The aim of the article is to compare the granulometric composition of wood sanding dust – the proportion of particles ≤ 80 µm in diameter depending on a type of the used sander (wide belt sander, narrow belt sander, hand belt sander, and hand disk sander), when sanding economically the most used broadleaved tree in the Slovak Republic Fagus silvatica and wood-based materials (MDF and particleboard) and point to possible technical safety measure for solving the reduction of this harmful factor in the operation.
On the basis of the data we can state that the particles caught on the sieve with the dimension of the opening 0.032 μm predominate as for the wide belt sander and narrow belt sander.
Thus, a starting point for an employer is the reduction of the harmful factor in the working environment through the collective protection equipment (HSE, 2012) [3, 22, 23], i.e. to use possibilities of various technical measures, organizational measures or others, and only finally to start with individual protection solving the problem through personal protective work equipment.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Tapan Kumar Chaki, Naskar Moumita, K. Reddy Sudhakar
The activation energies were determined from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data using Kissinger method, which does not require knowledge of the reaction mechanism.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) TGA was done using Perkin Elmer Instrument (Diamond TG-DTA) under air atmosphere at 60 ml/min at different heating rates of 20, 50, and 100 °C/min, and the data of weight loss versus temperature were recorded.
The data were obtained in the temperature range of 34–82 °C.
However, for REMB24 (in Fig. 5(e)) large polymer particles were found with a trend of phase inversion and this phase inversion may cause the reduction of thermal stability, activation energy and stiffness.
The observations under the confocal microscope investigated the microstructures of the neat and modified binders, which reveal that very high modifier addition caused phase inversion, which again caused reduction on the service performance.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) TGA was done using Perkin Elmer Instrument (Diamond TG-DTA) under air atmosphere at 60 ml/min at different heating rates of 20, 50, and 100 °C/min, and the data of weight loss versus temperature were recorded.
The data were obtained in the temperature range of 34–82 °C.
However, for REMB24 (in Fig. 5(e)) large polymer particles were found with a trend of phase inversion and this phase inversion may cause the reduction of thermal stability, activation energy and stiffness.
The observations under the confocal microscope investigated the microstructures of the neat and modified binders, which reveal that very high modifier addition caused phase inversion, which again caused reduction on the service performance.
Online since: May 2005
Authors: Mietek Bakowski, Anders Hallén, Adolf Schöner, Mikko Ritala, Markku Leskelä, Viljami Pore, Maciej Wolborski
The dielectric constant of Al2O3 as determined from capacitance-voltage data was
about 8.3.
The roughness of the films was measured by AFM and the data are presented in Table 2.
The CV simulations of the Al2O3/Si system done using the ISE CAD 8.5 software fitted to the measured data yield density of interface states in the order of 1012 cm-2 at the middle of the Si bandgap to about 10 13 cm-2 in the vicinity of the conduction and valence bands.
Fig. 3: CV characteristics of MIS structures with Al2O3 on Si (Fig. 3a) and SiC (Fig. 3b) as a function of frequency. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Voltage [V] Capacitance [pF] 1MHz 100kHz 1kHz 100Hz 20Hz 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Voltage [V] Capacitance [pF] 1MHz 100kHz 10kHz 1kHz Si p-type SiC n-type Conclusions A factor of two reduction of the leakage current (measured at 500 V) was obtained for Al2O3 passivation in comparison with the non-passivated devices after bonding.
Nevertheless, reduction of the negative charge and interface traps need further investigation.
The roughness of the films was measured by AFM and the data are presented in Table 2.
The CV simulations of the Al2O3/Si system done using the ISE CAD 8.5 software fitted to the measured data yield density of interface states in the order of 1012 cm-2 at the middle of the Si bandgap to about 10 13 cm-2 in the vicinity of the conduction and valence bands.
Fig. 3: CV characteristics of MIS structures with Al2O3 on Si (Fig. 3a) and SiC (Fig. 3b) as a function of frequency. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Voltage [V] Capacitance [pF] 1MHz 100kHz 1kHz 100Hz 20Hz 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Voltage [V] Capacitance [pF] 1MHz 100kHz 10kHz 1kHz Si p-type SiC n-type Conclusions A factor of two reduction of the leakage current (measured at 500 V) was obtained for Al2O3 passivation in comparison with the non-passivated devices after bonding.
Nevertheless, reduction of the negative charge and interface traps need further investigation.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Shu Juan Jin, Ying Ming Xu
Fig.3 System architecture diagram
As seen in the figure 3, divided into 8 modules of the system, data-dependent relationship between each module.
Web content database data for statistical analysis of time evolution analysis and segmentation for named entity recognition module and named entity recognition.
Data mining analysis.
After the completion of the analysis of the evolution of events, the Scheduler opens 3 threads for 3 types of data mining operations.
Analysis contained in one thread for each data mining module, eventually each analysis results into the database.
Web content database data for statistical analysis of time evolution analysis and segmentation for named entity recognition module and named entity recognition.
Data mining analysis.
After the completion of the analysis of the evolution of events, the Scheduler opens 3 threads for 3 types of data mining operations.
Analysis contained in one thread for each data mining module, eventually each analysis results into the database.