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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Marius Costel Balan, Bogdan Andrei Tofan, Vasilică Ciocan, Marina Verdeș, Cătălin George Popovici, Andrei Burlacu
The diagram of a hybrid system with ground-water heat pump and solar-thermal panels [7]
Simulation of the operation in terms of technical, economic and financial of the integrated system for producing heat and hot water for consumption, was achieved with the help of computer program RETScreen. [5, 6]
For this calculation, the following assumptions were needed: [1]
- Residential building with an average area (proposed)-100 m2;
- In order to obtain weather data, systems were located in the four climate zones: zone IV-Miercurea-Ciuc, zone III-Iasi, zone II-Timisoara and zone I-Constanta;
- Hot water needs for consumption according to Romanian Standard STAS 1478-90 is 60 l/person/day - time running seven days a week;
- The demand for medium heat is 63 W/m2 for buildings located in zone IV, 58 W/m2 for buildings located in zone III; 53 W/m2 for buildings located in the zone II; 48 W/m2 for buildings located in the zone I;
- The cost of natural gas in the year 2014 is 0,035 euro/kWh
) - The net GHG reduction [tCO2]-25 years – (Fig. 8
The net GHG reduction [tCO2]-25 years Fig. 9.
Ground-water heat pump system using thermal solar panels to provide heat and hot water consumption leads to the following conclusions: A lower price on energy consumed compared to the reference system (natural gas boiler); High initial cost for the proposed system; By using the proposed system can be a significant reduction of greenhouse effect gas emissions over a period of 25 years; Ground-water heat pump system using thermal solar panels is not recommended due the internal rates of return negative; The payback period of the proposed system is between 28.9 and 33.1 years, beating with a long useful life considered to be 25 years old; The net present value is negative which in turn requires increased attention to their election systems; The proposed system analyzed in terms of cost-benefit is identify with subunit values which suggests that their use is not indicated.
) - The net GHG reduction [tCO2]-25 years – (Fig. 8
The net GHG reduction [tCO2]-25 years Fig. 9.
Ground-water heat pump system using thermal solar panels to provide heat and hot water consumption leads to the following conclusions: A lower price on energy consumed compared to the reference system (natural gas boiler); High initial cost for the proposed system; By using the proposed system can be a significant reduction of greenhouse effect gas emissions over a period of 25 years; Ground-water heat pump system using thermal solar panels is not recommended due the internal rates of return negative; The payback period of the proposed system is between 28.9 and 33.1 years, beating with a long useful life considered to be 25 years old; The net present value is negative which in turn requires increased attention to their election systems; The proposed system analyzed in terms of cost-benefit is identify with subunit values which suggests that their use is not indicated.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Hua Ge, Ren Yong Huang, Ling Ling Zhu
Based on the measured data of Yichang hydrologic station, which is located at the entrance of the middle Yangtze River, the changes of the sediment input into the middle Yangtze River reach in recent 50 years were carried out, and its reasons were analyzed.
The measured data includes day-averaged discharge and sediment concentration, and the annual sand grains gradation.
Compared the data in 1990s to that before 1990, the reduced amplitude of the annual sediment input reached to about 20%.
It is easy to find that different degrees of reduction appeared during the period influenced by those human activities from Figure 2.
Summary Based on the measured hydrologic data of Yichang station, summaries of the change of the sediment input into middle Yangtze River in recent 50 years were carried out, and its reasons were analyzed.
The measured data includes day-averaged discharge and sediment concentration, and the annual sand grains gradation.
Compared the data in 1990s to that before 1990, the reduced amplitude of the annual sediment input reached to about 20%.
It is easy to find that different degrees of reduction appeared during the period influenced by those human activities from Figure 2.
Summary Based on the measured hydrologic data of Yichang station, summaries of the change of the sediment input into middle Yangtze River in recent 50 years were carried out, and its reasons were analyzed.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Indranil Chattoraj
(Based on data extracted from Fig. 10 of Ref. 2).
The table has been compiled based on the data of Table 2 of Ref. 5.
(2) It is evident that N addition will cause a reduction of the stacking fault energy.
Significant reduction in the ductility, measured through the fracture elongation, was noted.
However, the SSRT data presented by the authors (Fig. 9 of Ref. 11) is confusing as they show that amongst the annealed and aged samples, the least ductility was demonstrated by a sample which had sigma and c phase formation.
The table has been compiled based on the data of Table 2 of Ref. 5.
(2) It is evident that N addition will cause a reduction of the stacking fault energy.
Significant reduction in the ductility, measured through the fracture elongation, was noted.
However, the SSRT data presented by the authors (Fig. 9 of Ref. 11) is confusing as they show that amongst the annealed and aged samples, the least ductility was demonstrated by a sample which had sigma and c phase formation.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: M.R. Wisnom, Fabrice Pierron, C. Devivier, Daniel Thompson
The second step is to use these surface
strains to identify a stiffness reduction map for real impact damages.
-H., Pierron F., Wisnom M., Syed-Muhamad K., Identification of the local stiffness reduction of a damaged composite plate using the virtual fields method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 38, n° 9, pp. 2065-2075, 2007
[6] Avril S., Feissel P., Pierron F., Villon P., Comparison of two approaches for controlling the uncertainty in data differentiation: application to full-field measurements in solid mechanics, Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 21, 015703 (11 pp), 2010.
-H., Pierron F., Wisnom M., Syed-Muhamad K., Identification of the local stiffness reduction of a damaged composite plate using the virtual fields method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 38, n° 9, pp. 2065-2075, 2007
[6] Avril S., Feissel P., Pierron F., Villon P., Comparison of two approaches for controlling the uncertainty in data differentiation: application to full-field measurements in solid mechanics, Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 21, 015703 (11 pp), 2010.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Tomáš Plachý, Jaroslav Topič, Jaromír Hrůza, Lukáš Hlubocký
It was found that the gradual replacement of cement with
recycled concrete causes reduction of the dynamic Young's modulus and decreases the size of the
increase in strength during the first 28 days.
Their results showed that up to 30 % coarse REC had no effect on concrete strength, but thereafter there was a gradual reduction as the REC content increased [2].
In Table 1 we can see data of the mixture of the individual sets.
Their results showed that up to 30 % coarse REC had no effect on concrete strength, but thereafter there was a gradual reduction as the REC content increased [2].
In Table 1 we can see data of the mixture of the individual sets.
Online since: May 2005
Authors: Sami Chatti, Uwe Dirksen, Matthias Kleiner, Marco Schikorra
The input data
generally consists of geometrical data, profile data, material characteristics, framework structures,
loads, boundary conditions, etc.
It stores all application data internally, saves and loads the STEP-based data model, and if data is queried from one sub-module, which still not exists, the data administration sub-module is responsible for its determination.
Because the STEPbased PSS-data model used by RSTAB already supports major data of the required product data model, it is extended by an additional EXPRESS Schema.
Thus, missing data like flow curve of the material, machine and tools data, friction data, and the simulation results from ANSYS and PROFI are defined.
The centrally stored data reduces data redundancies and data inconsistencies.
It stores all application data internally, saves and loads the STEP-based data model, and if data is queried from one sub-module, which still not exists, the data administration sub-module is responsible for its determination.
Because the STEPbased PSS-data model used by RSTAB already supports major data of the required product data model, it is extended by an additional EXPRESS Schema.
Thus, missing data like flow curve of the material, machine and tools data, friction data, and the simulation results from ANSYS and PROFI are defined.
The centrally stored data reduces data redundancies and data inconsistencies.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Wei Liu, Hong Zhao Liu
Three mean of observations
The three mean describes the data concentration characteristics.
It’s a robust statistical characteristic if outlier exists in the data
They used to describe data dispersibility
-Range and interquartile range The range is the difference between the maxima and minima of the sample data value.
There are 10 data of leakage data, show as figure 4, it cannot divided the normal signal or leakage signal by counting the time window bandwidth and collecting the jumping times within each time window.
It’s a robust statistical characteristic if outlier exists in the data
They used to describe data dispersibility
-Range and interquartile range The range is the difference between the maxima and minima of the sample data value.
There are 10 data of leakage data, show as figure 4, it cannot divided the normal signal or leakage signal by counting the time window bandwidth and collecting the jumping times within each time window.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Li Sheng Li, Gui Bin Liu, Ke Jun Li, Shi Dong Zhang, He Jin Liu, Xing Quan Ji
Wind generation can affect the power quality of power supply system in a certain extent at the same time of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The voltage deviation, system frequency, and harmonic distortion rate are analyzed based on the simulation data outputted by PSCAD.
The voltage deviation, system frequency, and harmonic distortion rate are analyzed based on the simulation data outputted by PSCAD.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Azry Borhan, Mohd Faisal Taha, Anis Suhaila Shuib, Maizatul Shima Shaharun
The equilibrium data from adsorption studies fitted well the of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
As expected, there was reduction in weight due to the lost of volatile matters during rapid heating of carbonization process [6].
The equilibrium data obtained was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
From the values of correlation coefficient (R2) shown in Figure 4, both isotherm models gave good fit for the equilibrium data of Ni2+ adsorption on RHAC.
The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for the adsorption of Ni2+ on RHAC.
As expected, there was reduction in weight due to the lost of volatile matters during rapid heating of carbonization process [6].
The equilibrium data obtained was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
From the values of correlation coefficient (R2) shown in Figure 4, both isotherm models gave good fit for the equilibrium data of Ni2+ adsorption on RHAC.
The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for the adsorption of Ni2+ on RHAC.