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Based on the consistency between simulation results and experiment data, considering the steady temperature distribution of the lamp and heat transfer theory, several optimization methods are proposed.
The simulation results were discussed, compared with the experimental data.
So the junction temperature TJ can be calculated by equation (2) TJ=76.0℃+16℃/W×(3.4V×700mA)=114.08℃ The relative error between the simulation results and experimental data is 2.5%.
The results also indicate that the temperature reduction of junction is less obvious as the increment of copper pad surface area beyond the factor of 1.8mm2.
The temperature reduction is less obvious when the natural convection coefficient beyond the factor of 6W/(m2·K).

Introduction In the data structure, binary sort tree is a special structure of the binary tree, can be used for sorting and searching, is often used to improve the efficiency of search data.
binary tree object oriented description Vertex class design public class BinaryTreeNode { private BinaryTreeNode left;//The left child private BinaryTreeNode right;//The right child private Object data;//The data in this node private int id; private int x,y; } Vertex class basic members are left, right,and data, left:left subtree,right:ringht subtreedata:node value.
For complex data structures to intuitive and easily understandable form to show on a screen, should design visual data structure.
Delete node Delete the keyword data node, if the lookup failure, is not removed; If find the keyword data node P: 1) if P right subtree is empty, then its left subtree become its parent node ( f ) subtrees, If P is F left subtree ,then f.setLeft ( p.getLeft ( ) ), and modify their complte number: f.getLeft ( ) .
Here we use the compiler technology to solve: The node structure as a string parameter passed to the function, separated the project and data types.

The hot deformation behaviors of spray formed superalloy GH738 were investigated by using of Gleeble-3500 simulator in the temperature range of 950~1200℃, with a strain rate of 0.13~6.5s-1 and reduction of 50%.
The experimental data were employed to investigate the hot deformation behavior and derive the constitutive equation during different hot work conditions.
Then the hot compression tests were conducted in the strain rate range of 0.13~6.5s-1 and the temperatures range of 950~1200℃ with the reduction of 50%.
Conclusions 1 At the temperature between 950℃ and 1200℃, strain rate of 0.13~6.5s-1 and 50% reduction, spray formed GH738 showed a high sensitivity to the deformation temperature and strain rate.

At present, there are many problems existing in the Ziquejie Terrace area, such as soil and water erosion, runoff reduction and the shortage of irrigation water, environmental disruption caused by tourism development, terraced collapse, water culture facing destruction and other issues.
Through data collection and investigation on the spot from top to bottom, gravity irrigation system in the study area can be expounded from two aspects of the underground and surface irrigation system.
But due to various reasons, there are many problems in the terrace culture area such as soil erosion, irrigation water shortage caused of runoff reduction, terraced collapse.
At present, there are many problems existing in the Ziquejie Terrace area, such as soil and water erosion, runoff reduction and the shortage of irrigation water, environmental disruption caused by tourism development, terraced collapse, water culture facing destruction and other issues.

We propose in this paper a new method to evaluate the damage severity, which is based on the global stiffness reduction.
Other authors used a simplified approach, the stiffness reduction being approximate by a triangle.
damaged beam stiffness reduction for one element L xC a h h xC L stiffness expressed a continuous function rotational mass-less spring Keq L xC L xC EI(x) Fig. 1.
From Eq. 10 and 3 results the mathematical expression for the natural frequency of the damaged beam as: (11) If adjusting the relative frequency shift values for numerous damage locations, it is possible to create a data base that can be used as a reference in the damage detection processes.

The data were processed and Pareto Analysis technique was applied to the field data.
A large number of failure causes can be eliminated from further analysis by creating a Pareto plot of the failure data [10].
It is the discipline of organizing the data that is central to the success of using Pareto Analysis.
These data are presented in Table 1.The causes where ranked from the most to the least important.
[11] Pareto' s law (80-20 rule) www.managers-net.com,(2008) [12] PHCN daily power outage data and operational logbooks of Ugbowo district, Benin City.

Raising the annealing temperature from 450ºC to 650ºC leads to a reduction in peak intensity.
According to LNHB decay data, the process of alpha decay of Am-241 is likely to produce excited states, thus some gamma rays may be emitted during the process [19].
Fig. 3 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns with CuKα radiation source deposited on a borosilicate glass substrate The diffraction peaks are found at planes (100), (002), (101), (012), (110), (013), (200) (112), (201), (004) and (202), which indicates that the fabricated ZnO crystal structure was a hexagonal wurtzite according to COD data No. 9004180.
A high decrease in intensity can lead to a reduction in the crystallinity of the layer.
The lattice parameters of the ZnO annealed at 650°C shows a reduction in both the a=b and c parameters, while the sample annealed at 450°C shows a reduction in the c parameter.

To check if bio-char’s toxicity is not reduced if not eliminated by gasification and also bio-char’s eight reduction.
The most carbon monoxide (CO) production data was achieved at a 75/25 ratio: the average of 71A%, the standard deviation of 2.38A% and the coefficient of variation of 6.84% were achieved.
Table 1 shows the absence of hydrogen and the reduction in nitrogen.
Lowest standard deviations and coefficients of variation were used in scoring the best ratio, for statistically reliable data.
This mass reduction could result in significant sludge and screenings disposal cost savings.

Introduction The general trend of “hot-rolled strips substituting cold-rolled strips” and “energy saving and emission reduction” strongly requires hot-rolled thin strips [1,2].
Working condition Flat roll contours Optimized roll contours Reduction of peak [%] Reduction of non-uniformity [%] qmax qavg αq qmax qavg αq a 3.04 1.90 1.60 2.84 1.90 1.50 6.58 6.56 b 4.85 2.15 2.25 2.80 2.15 1.30 42.27 42.26 c 2.01 1.90 1.06 1.95 1.92 1.02 2.99 4.16 d 3.93 2.15 1.83 2.86 2.15 1.33 27.23 27.23 e 3.04 1.90 1.60 2.84 1.90 1.50 6.58 6.56 f 4.85 2.15 2.25 2.80 2.15 1.30 42.27 42.26 Influence of Roll Contours on the Control Effect of Bending Forces.
The improvement effects of the optimized roll contours on the shape control abilities of skin-pass mills can be verified by comparatively analyzing the replacement cycle of the work rolls, the roll wear data and the adjustment ratio of bending forces before and after the roll contour optimization.
Number of work roll Flat roll contours Optimized roll contours Increase of replacement cycle [%] Top roll Bottom roll Replacement cycle [ton] Replacement cycle [ton] XP2008 XP2010 382.3 679.1 77.6 XP2011 XP2012 458.7 718.8 56.7 XP2004 XP2003 588.6 791.4 34.5 CP2001 CP2003 413.8 640.6 54.8 CP2002 CP2004 483.4 677.2 40.1 Average 465.4 701.3 50.7 The roll wear data before and after the roll contour optimization were continuously measured and analyzed, as shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Summary of the roll wear data.

Regularly LES is used to capture instantaneous data and send them to the finite element method (FEM) for a vibration calculation of a head stack assembly (HSA).
The researchers use convergence information of steady k-e for initial data to reduce the calculation time [1,2,3].
Flow-induced vibration reduction in HDD by using a spoiler.
Flow-Induced Vibration Reduction for Hard Disk Drive with a Window Spoiler.