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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Shyam Lakshmanan, Thanapalan Murugesan
After 45 minutes, there is a slight reduction in the amount of NaClO3 adsorbed.
At the end of the experiment, there was a reduction in chlorate adsorbed of less than 5%.
In research done by Thirumal and Kaliappan [4], close examination of the data in their graphs, show peaks around 45 minutes after which small reductions are shown in adsorption.
To obtain greater reduction in chlorate, the brine was then sent through 3 columns in series.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Junji Akimoto, Haruo Ishizaki, Norihito Kijima, Masashi Yoshinaga
This reaction is called the conversion reaction that involves the reduction and oxidation of metal nanoparticles, accompanying the formation and decomposition of an amorphous Li2O [1].
X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the powder specimens were collected on a powder diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation.
The reduction of Fe3+ to Fe0 would be occurred around 0.85 V, and then the reduction of Ga3+ to Ga0 and alloying reaction of Ga0 to LixGa would undergo at lower voltage region.
The both reductions of Fe3+ to Fe0 and Ga3+ to Ga0 might be occurred at the same time during the initial Li insertion.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: S.V. Joshi, Sai Pramod Pemmasani, Krishna Valleti, M. Ramakrishna, K.V. Rajulapati, Ravi C. Gundakaram
However, as the coating in the present case is less than 4 µm thick, glancing incidence would be needed to avoid data from being collected from the substrate.
It appears that there is a reduction in grain size with increasing bias as evident from the ion induced secondary electron (ISE) images.
This is consistent with earlier reported results by Sato et al. who report grain size reduction with increasing bias voltage in case of cathodic arc deposited TiAlN coatings [9].
The reduction in grain size has been confirmed by preliminary TEM studies carried out.
A tangible reduction in grain size could be observed between the TiAlN coating deposited at -100 V and the one deposited at -150 V.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Juan Li, Xian Feng Qu, Jing Li, Hai Yang Chen, You Hai Guan
Energy saving and emission reduction, reduce pollution, and pay attention to the environment construction is the trend of the future.
The data statistics shows that building energy consumption is accounts for 40% about of total world energy consumption.
Around the spirit of Copenhagen Conference, energy conservation and emission reduction, establish the spirit of green architecture, improve protection awareness of environmental and resources, to make the best use of utility and coordinated development of nature, society and economy[3].
First of all, beginning from people's awareness, the architects should have the concepts of energy saving and emission reduction, green, ecology and so on, try our best to protect the environment.
Finally, the users of buildings should also have the concept of energy saving and emission reduction, deal with harmonious coexistence relationship between the green building and environment, make the green building protect the natural environment while provide people with comfortable and healthy activities space.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Shu Li Wang, Man Gen Mu, Jing Yu Dai, Xiao Huan Hu
This tunnel accommodates the majority of the underground public utilities necessary to supply this business centre with energy, water and data communication.
The SRF is the critical strength reduction factor.
Table 2 Results of numericalanalysis no stonecolumns stonecolumnsspacing(m) 2 1.8 Strength Reduce Factor(SRF) 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 Absolute horizontal displacement (mm) 0 2.5 0 1.9 0 6 Absolute vertical displacement (mm) 0 93 0 42 0 37.5 Maximum shear strain 0.053 0.067 0.017 0.022 0.0225 0.026 Volumetric strain 0.054 0.06 0.02 0.035 0.007 0.007 Mean stress (MPa) 196 174 270 213 304 210 Replacement area ratio, r(%) 0 25 30.8 Fig.2Numerical model of no stone columns Fig.3 Absolute horizontal displacement versusdistance for no stone columns Fig.4 Absolute vertical displacement versus distance Fig.5 Maximum shear strain versus distance for no stone columns for no stone columns Fig.6 Mean stress versus distance for no stone columns Fig.7 Volumetric strain versus distance for no stone columns Fig.8 Shear strength reduction versus distance Fig.9 Numerical model of stone columns for no stone columns
Fig.14 Volumetric strain versus distance Fig.15 Shear strength reduction versus distance for stone columns with 2m spaces for stone columns with 2m spaces Fig.16 Numerical model of stone columns Fig.17 Absolute horizontal displacement versus with 1.8m spaces distance for stone columns with 1.8m spaces Fig.18 Absolute vertical displacement versus Fig.19 Maximum shear strain versus distance distancefor stone columns with 1.8m spaces for stone columns with 1.8m spaces Fig.20 Mean stress versus distance for stone columns Fig.21 Volumetric strain versus distance for with 1.8m spaces stone columns with 1.8m spaces Fig.22 Total displacement versus distance Fig.23 Shear strength reduction versus distance for stone columns with 1.8m spaces for stone columns with
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Rong Xie, Zhao Jun Sha, Xiao Fang Wang, Xu Dong Ding, Yong Feng Sui
According to the design parameters and the data of the blade the manufacturing industry provided, a numerical investigation on the flow has been carried on in the last three stages of a wet steam turbine.
This process not only causes the reduction of the working medium, but also affects the mainstream and influent the flow at the next stage.
The liquid mass fraction is relatively lower at the final rotor trailing edge, mainly due to the oblique shock wave, which causes the reduction of airflow velocity, the rise of pressure and temperature.
There are two low pressure locations, the pressure reduction near the blade is due to the leakage vortex, in the meantime, the pressure reduction away from the blade is due to the passage vortex.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Wei Wang, Jing Jing Ren, En Xiang Du, Wen Qiang Niu
Fig. 1 Total project Maintenance decision theories analysis The main idea of Rough Set Theory is based on some observation and measurement which is not accurate results to classify the data and based on incomplete information and knowledge to deal some fuzzy phenomenon.
Attribution reduction is one of the core contents of Rough Set Theory, on the basis of reduction of decision table attribution information and maintaining the decision quality, decision rules are accessed by looking for leading information from decision table attribution information and eliminating the redundant information in the table information.
If all attribution is divided into condition attribution and decision attribution, then the information system is stated as .Decision rules for special equipment are conducted on the reduction based on decision table.
Through the decision table and its reduction theory, special equipment maintenance rules are formulated and the initial change by correction maintenance and time based maintenance to condition based maintenance is realized.
Online since: May 2009
Authors: Stoyan N. Groudev, Plamen S. Georgiev, Irena Spasova, Marina Nicolova
Some data about the application of such methods for remediation of contaminated soils in two uranium deposits in Bulgaria are shown in this paper.
Data about the chemical composition and some essential geotechnical parameters of the soil are shown in Table 1.
Data about some essential parameters of the soil are shown in Table 1.
The data from Table 3 revealed that the toxicity of this soil was due not only to the radionuclides and heavy metals but also to the high acidity, which was further increased during the treatment.
Furthermore, the reduction of U 6+ decreases when sulphate-reducing bacteria not able to carry out an enzymatic reduction of this ion are dominant over the iron-reducing bacteria [22, 23].
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Dong Fang Yang
Although the material exhibits better chemical and structural compatibility with electrodes as well as higher ionic conductivity than Yttria-stabilized Zirconia, the reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ induces n-type electronic conduction which tends to decrease power output of solid oxide fuel cells.
The film density was calculated from the index of reflection data determined by a fiber-optic spectrophotometer.
Although the material exhibits better chemical and structural compatibility with electrodes as well as higher ionic conductivity than YSZ, the reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ induces n-type electronic conduction which tends to decrease power output of solid oxide fuel cells.
The optical data show that the density of SDC films increases with the increase in deposition temperature, but ScSZ films decrease with the increase of deposition temperatures.
[11] Powder Diffraction File-2 database, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, International Centre for Diffraction Data, USA, 1996
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Aleksandr A. Bobryshev, Aleksandr Lakhno, Ilnaz Khalilov, Kamil Sibgatullin, Rafael Igtisamov, Vladimir Erofeev, Lenar N. Shafigullin
The topological mortar structure has been provided by theoretical evaluation of the rheological state of the cross-linked solutions and the experimental viscosity data of the sand cement mortar which has been modified by water-soluble additive – polyoxyethylene.
It is shown that in pseudoplastic systems, as the shear stress increases, the viscous phase grows because of the reduction of rigid phase content.
The logarithmic form of this equation: , (3) is a linear function which makes it easier to find the numerical values of and coefficients using the experimental data.
Thus, in pseudoplastic systems, as the shear stress increases, the viscous phase grows because of the reduction of rigid phase content.
Represent the Ostwald-de Waele equation (Eq. 2) in the linear form, as a result of logarithmation we find: . (13) Taking into account the test data (Tab. 1) the regression equation takes the form . (14) The linear correlation coefficient is =0.92.
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