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It is based on a data structure that describes a polycrystalline material using a two-dimensional network of nodes and connecting boundaries.
Data on the geometry of the structure and attributes such as dislocation density, viscosity and stress-state of nodes and polygons are stored in an Elle data file.
To simulate the progress of a process, individual algorithms can interact with this data structure (a) by using it to determine the local values of driving forces (b) by repositioning, creating and removing nodes (c) by reconnecting boundary segments, and (d) by altering attributes.
In this paper, an implementation of the grain boundary migration algorithm described in [9] was used to simulate single-phase grain growth driven by reduction in grain boundary energy and/or by reduction in internal defect energy.
The evolution of the model during the 8000 time steps is driven entirely by isotropic grain boundary energy reduction and its behaviour in terms of grain shape and grain size evolution is unremarkable: the grain area increases approximately linearly as a function of time and the early grain boundary alignment is quickly obliterated.

Data Center, National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Beijing, 100124, China 2.
Let X and Y be corresponding data matrices whose columns are data vectors.
Saul, “Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding,” Science, vol. 290, no. 5500, pp. 2323-2326, 2000
Niyogi, “Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation,” Neural Computation, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1373-1396, 2003

This data testify that humicacids complexes with cobalt ions behave likepolyelectrolytes, i.e. on the humicacidsmacromolecules, despite their partial filling bycobalt ions, charged centresare always present.
This conclusion confirmedby the results thesystem oxidation-reduction propertiesresearches.
The redox-potential of the system Co(NO3)2–HA–H2O–Na2SO3 was in the interval 0,3-0,5V, at that, dj/dCСо> 0, dj/d<0, dj/d= 0, dj/dT> 0; all it, and also the Pourbaix diagram data for water solutions of cobalt salts at рН 8-9, allow to assume that the system redox-potential is described by the Nernst equation in the form of: wheregi,gj,bi, bj–the constants of complexing of the cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) with thehumic acid and the sulphite-ion correspondingly.
A share of each component counted under the formula: , whereαj – the summary constant of complex formation by the equation: According to the potentiometric data Na2SO3introduction in the system Co(NO3)2–HA–H2O leads to the redox-potential sharp falling approximately by 100-150 mV at the expense of the cobalt(III) to the cobalt(II) reduction, at that there is a change of solution color from pink to brownish depending from the a ratio /-.
Additional proofs are received from the data obtained at the different initial concentrations of cobalt in the system Co(NO3)2–HA–H2Owhich was varied from to mol/l.

Table 1 shows General engine data of the marine diesel.
General engine data of marine diesel Index unit numericalvalue Type Vertical,Water Cooling,Four Stroke,Direct Injection Cylinder No 3 Bore×Stroke mm 80×90 Total piston displacement L 1.357 Compression ratio 18 Rated output/Speed kw/(r·min-1) 20.6/2800 Max.output/Max.Revolution kw/(r·min-1) 22.6/2890 Air consumption in 10 minutes m³ 16.148 Starting method Electric Gear box type ZF12M Reduction ratio Ahead2.63 Astern1.95 Direction of rotation right Engine Model 380J-1 Engine overall dimension(mm) mm 828×560×638 Engine net weight (kg) kg 200 Function Evaluation It uses function analysis system technique (FAST) to regulate the function of components and parts.
Sorting data and according to ratio that each component score accounted for the total, we obtain component function coefficient.The function score, average score and function coefficient is listed in table 2.
According to the data collected by function and cost in the marine diesel’s components, we think it’s a better choice to combine cost and function of weight.
Then we establish comparison table 3, calculate actual cost, function value and cost reduction.From the table we can see that the optimization of the proposed scheme not only makes the marine engine cost decrease by 6%, but also make the function value of relevant parts greatly improved.

Taking into account the availability of data, the paper calculates these indicators data from 2008 to 2012, using SPSS17.0 to analyze the principal component analysis, and detailed analysis is shown below.
So the proportion of the contribution of factor is 98.242% in the total variance, which can fully reflect the vast majority of information of the original data.
Recent data show that the proportion of China’s oil consumption in logistics industry up to 50%, and this high consumption will inevitably lead to higher emissions and pollution.
The forest carbon sequestration has incomparable advantages than industrial emissions reduction, such as low cost, high comprehensive benefit, and obvious CO2 reduction [11].
The advantages of forest in CO2 emission reduction have become the consensus of the international community.

A system analysis and synthesis is performed in the fields of testing data collection and data analysis and calculation, which are the two important components of residual life prediction.
Some non-destructive testing technologies for data collection and some algorithms for data analysis are summarized and made comparison.
Literature review: algorithms for residual life prediction To predict the residual life, we need to find out logical relationship between data that we directly got from the test and the residual life of the units.
Namely an algorithm is needed to establish a function relation between test data and residual life from the database.
After choosing the right distribution model, by substituting the database into the model the expression of residual life is got, which is a function relation between equipment state vector (detecting data) and predicted residual life[15].

The reduction of GO and the various reduction procedures produce diverse properties, which influence the final performance of materials or devices made of rGO.
Over the range of 200 nm to 900 nm, data was collected at 0.5 nm intervals with an average time of 0.1seconds.
Fig.13 and Table 10 show the thermogravimetric data.
Cheng, The reduction of graphene oxide, Carbon, 50 (2012) 3210–3228
Tammeveski, An Oxygen Reduction Study of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials of Different Origin, Catalysts. 6 (2015) 108

The ultra-fine silver powders were prepared by chemical reduction using nitric acid silver (AgNO3) as raw material, ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) as deoxidizer and adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as dispersing agent.
Tthe reduction capacity of ascorbic acid increasesd with the increase of pH value, because ofowing to the decrease of E value.
(语法有问题) Ascorbic acid has excellent reduction capacity as a kind of unsaturated sugar acid lactone
Thus the reduction rate for the reaction of (1) can be adjusted by changing pH value.
The lattice constant calculated from this pattern were 2.359, 2.044, 1.444 and 1.231, which agree with the published data JCPDS. 4.Conclusion The ultra-fine silver powders with spherical, controllable size (0.5~2μm) have been synthesized via a wet chemical reaction.

Based on literature, the next irreversible reaction for tin phosphate based system is often assigned to the reduction of tin phosphate to form the irreversible lithium phosphate phases (Li3PO4 and LiPO3) [14].
However, for this synthesized mesoporous SnP2O7, it was discovered that there are two energetically different environments for the reduction of SnP2O7 to occur.
It was hypothesized that some partially reduced tin phosphate (Sn0.5PO3) may be formed simultaneously during the initial reduction reaction of mesoporous SnP2O7 at the potential site of 1.10 V.
Therefore, the reduction reaction in the first cycle for mesoporous SnP2O7 was assumed to proceed in the following stepwise order; The irreversible electrochemical reactions at 1.10 V and 0.69 V are attributed to reaction (1) and (2), respectively.
Relating the pore size data with the cycling behaviour of the mesoporous SnP2O7 anodes observed in Figure 4 revealed that capacity retention tends to increase with increasing pore size.

The result of estimating for the mine gas concentration by data fusion which is based on multi-sensors measurement data is more precise than the measuring result by single gas sensor.
Adaptive weighted fusion algorithm Measuring data fusion by some same kinds of sensors can be regarded as estimating a nonrandom value from a large number of measuring datas.
Because of the existence of the error in the sensor’s measuring data, the estimated value, which is obtained from the sensor’s measuring data, also has a random evaluated error.
Fusion of multisensor data [J] .The International Journal of Robotics Research (S0278-3649 ), 1988, 7 (6): 78-96 [4]Yang Xir rong, Luo Gure.
Study of Adaptive Weighted Fusion Estimated Algorithm of Multisensor Data.1998, 19(1):69-74