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Materials and Experimental Procedures Materials.
Khan, Aerospace Science and Technology.
Young, Materials and Corrosion.
Robinson, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Grabke, Corrosion Science, Vol. 33 (1992), p. 1677 [12] Y.

The results show that the residual stress distribution after the strengthening process of the cold extrusion with the split sleeve is affected by many factors, such as extrusion amount, materials, size and position of the hole, extrusion speed, reaming amount, size, and position of bushings, etc., and the conclusions have now tended to be consistent.
Finite Element Simulation of Cold Extrusion Strengthening Material setting.
The material of the plate is 7050-T451 aluminum alloy.
Also, the reamer is a rigid body, and no material properties need to be defined.
Journal of Materials Science, 1999, 34: 1243~1252

Under these situations, numerical analyses have been proceeded to clarify the behavior of hydrogen diffusion in materials.
To clarify the hydrogen diffusion and concentration behavior in materials, it should be concerned with the stress field, the hydrogen flow and the change of hydrogen concentration [1,2].
The analysis of hydrogen diffusion and concentration behavior in materials is also conducted on the basis of FEM [6,7].
Yamada: Corrosion Science Vol. 44 (2002), p. 407
Shibata: Strength Fracture and Complexity An International Journal Vol. 1 (2003), p. 187

However, the economy grows with construction material increasing or driving difficulty increasing, these methods may not always improve units pile bearing capacity, especially when pile length out of critical length.
Pile and soil material properties used in the analysis are shown in Table 1.
Acknowledgements This project was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 51008116).
Wei: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 37 (2000), p. 56-74
Kong: Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 261-263 (2011), p. 1084-1088

Effect of Rare Earth on 30CrMnSi Steel Investment Castings Cracking Tang Zhenglian1, 2, a, Zhang Xinping1, b 1School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China 2Department of Materials Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, China atangzhengnian@126.com, bmexzhang@scut.edu.cn Keywords: crack, rare earth, 30CrMnSi steel, investment casting, crack susceptibility evaluation Abstract.
In this study, in order to resolve the problem of high crack rate in investment castings in a production company, effect of RE on microstructure and inclusions was investigated through adjusting the material compositions.
Experimental procedure 2.1 The structure of the samples for crack susceptibility evaluation The sample used for crack sensitivity evaluation is shown in Fig.1, the analysis of the stress field is shFig.1 The crack susceptibility evaluation sample model (the unlabled radius of inner fillet is 1mm) own in Fig.2 and the thermal cracking tendency is shown in Fig.3. 2.2 Materials, smelting and casting The compositions of the steel and RE ferrosilicon alloy are given in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
Journal of Zhejiang Metallurgy, 2(2001), p.24-28 [8] Yu Zongsen, Chu Youyi: Rare Earth in Steel.Metallurgy Industry Press, Beijing (1982) [9] Zhu Xingyuan, Cheng Bangwen, Lin Qin: Current Status of Studies on Effect of Rare Earth on Micro Alloying in Steel.

Kato, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 297(2005), p.1718 [2] S.Watanabe, J.Noshiro, S.Miyake, Surf.Coat.Technol.Vol. 188-189(2004), p.644 [3] K.Fujita, Surf.Coat.Technol.Vol. 196(2005), p. 139 [4] M.
Takezoe, K.Nakasa, Materials, Journal of the society of Materials science,Japan,Vol. 54(2005), p.1022 [8] J.

Methodology Material Lactide with 99% w/w in crystal form, stannous octoate (SnOct2) in liquid form, anhydrous lithium chloride (LiCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) were used as the raw material.
Morris, “Effect of initiators on synthesis of poly(L-lactide) by ring opening polymerization,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Lagazzo, “Influence of the degradation medium on water uptake, morphology, and chemical structure of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Sisal bio-composites,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 18, 2020
Chen, “Study on Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, vol. 1176, no. 4

The American report "Harnessing Light - Optical Science and Engineering for the 21st Century" [1] is emphasising the importance of an economic production of high precision aspherical optical elements.
Typical workpiece materials for making prism arrays are electroless nickel, fine grained copper, and brass.
Generally, material removal in polishing is characterized as two-body and three-body abrasion.
Finishing of structured surfaces by abrasive polishing Precision Engineering, Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology 30 (2006) 3: pp. 325-336 [8] Evans, C.J.; Paul,E.; Dornfeld, D.; Lucca, D.
Material Removal Mechanisms in Lapping and Polishing, Annals of the CIRP Vol. 52/2/2003: pp. 543

Laser cladding by powder injection is an advanced material processing technique used in metals manufacturing, including reclamation and repair of components, rapid prototyping and coating [1, 2, 3].
Fig.1 Appearance of laser stabbed layer surface Fig.2 The appearance of laser scanning melted layer When the scanning speed is low, interacting time is long, and melting material melts fully, the melting liquid convects well in the melting pool, the effect of soakage is good, heat accumulates well in the melting pool, the process of solidification and chilling is relatively long, in the end, a high quality surface is gained.
On the contrary, at a high scanning speed, laser and material interacting time is short, so the laser energy gained by material per unit time is lower and the melting layer melts insufficiently, the effect of soakage of melting liquid and base material goes bad.
Nowotny:Proceedings of the 1st Pacific International Conference on Application of Lasers and Optics 2004 p.1-6 [2] Y.S Wang and X.C Yang: Proceedings of the Third International WLT-Conference on Lasers in Manufacturing 2005, Munich, June 2005.p.196-200 [3] Y.G Feng and C.G Nan: Applied Laser, 2002 Vol.22,No.2. p.241-243,222 [4] J.W Li, Z.Y Wang and J.L Zhu: Journal of Shenyang Arch. and Civ.
(Natural Science), July 2002, Vol.18, No.3. p.223-225 Materias Average widh(mm) Volume(mm3) Copper base 5.498 3.892 Melted layer 2.10 0.262 Plasma heat sprayed layer 3.398 0917 .

Titanium is also an important material for low-voltage lock blade of steam turbine.
Test material: Ti6Al4V.
The hardening phenomenon can be easily caused and that can affect the surface integrity in titanium material cutting process.
References [1] Che Haron, C.H.; Ginting, A; Arshad, H., Pergormance of titanium alloy Ti-6242s, Journal of Materials Processing Technology vol. 185, No.1-3, 2007, pp. 77-82 [2] Narutaki, N.; Murakoshi, A., Study on Machining of Titanium Alloys, Annals of the CIPR Vol.32, No1, 1983, pp. 65~69 [3] Trucks, Machining Titanium Alloys, Machine and Tool Blue Book, 1987, pp. 39-41 [4] Su, Y.; He, l.; Li, L.
L., An experimenttal investigation of effects of colling/lubrication conditions on tool wear in high-speed milling of T1-6Al-4V, Wear Vol, 100, 2006, pp. 1-11 [5] Jensen, High Speed Milling of Titanium, Master of Science Theses at MIT, 1984, pp. 1-151 [6] Hartung, P.D.; Kramer, B.M.