Search results

Background Urban appraisal has been a pillar in urban management giving a relevant support of urban activities, through valuations of: - intervention, construction, running and management costs; - building future rent and income; - asset market future value; - real estate price data collection and related market analysis; - environmental footprint and estimate of ecological impact of buildings and settlements.
An emerging choice toward architectural and urban sustainability is the buildings (new and existing) “passivation” through roofs and walls insulation and ventilation by using bio-ecological materials allowing the dramatic reduction of thermal dispersions and consequently an efficient buildings energy management.
These virtuous examples allow to immediately verify (through ex-ante, on-going and ex-post evaluations by data loggers) the effects generated on building climate behaviour by choosing sustainable and long lasting natural materials, characterized by excellent thermal and ecological characteristics (energy efficient).
- energy consumption reduction; - CO2 emissions reduction; - energy management costs reduction; - maintenance costs reduction; - expected increase in building real estate market value.

To increase coefficient of utilization and reduction of the probability of macrobrittle fracture of cutting part to the level comparable with that of carbide tools.
Results of evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of ceramics Composition ρ, g/sm3 HV σb, GPa Аl2О3 3,935 1710 0,51 Аl2О3 – 3% АlN 3,952 1750 0,54 Аl2О3 – 6% АlN 3,970 1850 0,53 Аl2О3 – 10% АlN 3,975 1835 0,54 Аl2О3 – 15% АlN 3,938 1690 0,25 АlN 3,260 1230 0,21 The data presented in Table 1 allow noting that the density ρ increases slightly when content of AlN increases, and the density ρ reaches its maximum when the content of AlN is in a range of 6-10%.
Microhardness depends significantly on the ceramic composition and reaches its maximum at 6-10% AlN, which is associated with grinding of grains and reduction in porosity of ceramics.
The data presented in Table 3 prove that doping of oxide ceramics Al2O3 with aluminum nitride AlN significantly improves its cutting properties under dry cutting.
It was found out that coating Ti-TiCrN-TiCrAlSiN contributes to formation of more favourable contact processes, and that fact in turn leads to a reduction of the level of normal contact stresses on the front surface of the tool.

As a result it has been established [1] that the application of high-damping alloys (HDAs) allows reduction of noise and vibration levels in various engineering devices [1, 3].
Reduction of noise and vibration level can be considered as a high-priority problem for large-scale steel structures adjacent to powerful or heavily vibrating industrial equipment, where vibration levels and emitted noise are very high.
Analysis of presented data shows that the steel 01Yu5T can be operated at temperatures up to T = -30oC.
Yamada, Application of damping alloy to noise reduction of structure borne sound in large steel structure, Journal of the INCE of Japan. 18 (1994) 317-323 (in Japanese)
Yamada et al, Use of new damping alloy to bridge structures for noise reduction, Journal of Constructional Steel. 2 (1994) 487-494 (in Japanese)

It is observed an increasing concentration of pores, leading to density reduction, porosity and air permeation increase.
Due to the increase of cracks’ concentration combined with porosity’s increase, it was observed a mechanical strength reduction.
With increasing cracks’ and pores’ concentration, a reduction in strength was observed as noted in previous samples.
After laboratory experiments, the data collected were processed in signal to noise (S/N), according to the desired characteristic.
Given the statistical considerations based on laboratory data, the combination that met the permeability requirements was sample 5.

When the value of this parameter is increased, the wire is less prone to breakage due to the reduction of the cutting speed.
It was calculated using the Eq. 1, where y is the observed data and n is the number of observation
(1) Results and Data Analysis Table 2 shows the results obtained for the machining time and the average surface roughness, as well as the S/N ratio (smaller the better).
Taking into account that the cutting parameters shown in experiment 5 (Table 2) are very similar to the ones provided by the software of the CNC machine tool as the initial values, a reduction of the machining time of 4.65% could be expected, as well as a reduction of the surface roughness equal to 4.60% when comparing the values provided by the desirability analysis and the initial ones of the experiment 5.
This method allowed a reduction of 4.65% for the machining time, and a reduction of 4.60% for the surface roughness when the set of cutting parameters obtained was compared to the initial values commonly used in WEDM of AISI D2 tool steel.

Survey methodology was employed to collect data.
While useful, the design related data tends to be limited and no or very little detailed data is included.
A survey is considered the most economical among methods available for data collection due to its ability in performing efficient data collection [11], which had been used by the authors.
Mail survey was conducted to collect data in this study.
The model is tested for the data from Malaysia automotive respondents (n=104).

This paper puts forward the scheme, data flow and key technologies of model customization and information merger.
Introduction The substation is an important node of the grid, which is the source of the data acquisition for control center.
Secondary model is mainly intelligent electronic device (IED)model,which includes logical device (LD), he data set (DataSet), the logical node (LN), data object (DO), data attributes (DA), which is fixed hierarchical tree structure。
Model Customizer reduce modle element should follow a certain order and restraint mechanisms,the order of which is the intelligent electronic device (IED), logical device (LD), the data set (DataSet), the logical node (LN), data object (DO), data attributes (DA).
[9] State Grid:<< Data Model of Protection Relay in Project Based on IEC61850>>[S], Beijing,State Grid,2009.

Specimens were tested until failure and the load-displacement data was recorded.
The flexural modulus of GN-GFRP composites with 0.1% GN increased by 11% whereas a reduction in modulus by 8.2% is observed in case of GN-GFRP composites with 0.5% GN compared to GFRP composites.
The SEM investigation is carried out to find the reason behind reduction in strength and modulus of GN-GFRP with 0.5% GN fabricated using vacuum bag process and to identify the various failure modes in the composite.
This delamination in the composite can be inferred as the reason behind the reduction in the tensile strength and the modulus of GN-GFRP composites compared to GFRP composites fabricated using vacuum bag process.
The SEM investigation revealed poor adhesion between fibers and resin led to delamination and hence the reduction in tensile strength and modulus.

During this period most researches are based on object-oriented programs, such as data slice, condition slice ,constraint slice and UML modeling slice etc.
One is data dependence, while the other is control dependence.
Data dependence captures the notion that one transition defines a value to a variable and the other transition may potentially use this value.
Path(P)＝{pi | pi is the path between transition fi and fj}.the data denpendence between transition fi and fj is defined as follows: Definition 4.
Then through the data analysis to get the transitions which has data dependence with the variable v in transition f.

The Using Step of the System Figure 2 shows the step of processing data in the developed virtual system.
The user can input the workpiece and machining parameters, or edit the NC code, or input the data into the system by loading an NC file.
After inputting the data, the system analyzes and processes the data to generate a special type of data which is used to 3D virtual simulation.
Fig. 2: The steps of data processing NC Code Generation The module of generating NC code is shown in figure 3.
The STL file is a kind of data model that use many triangle slices to approximate the surface of 3D object [6].