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This explains the prevalence of rubber and other polymeric materials in present-day artificial muscles’ development.
Independently of the complementary question of the bio-compatibility of materials, it appears that today no actuating device corresponds to this definition.
However, even if we assume to be able to design the McKibben structure using fully biocompatible materials, the question still remains of the safe use of basic-acidic reactive solutions.
Bar-Cohen : Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets Vol. 39 (2) (2002), pp. 822-827
Sciences Vol. 320 (1995), pp. 105-114

To use various materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion.
Composite Materials A.
To replace homogeneous materials with composite ones.
TRIZ Journal, August, 2001
TRIZ Journal, August, 2007

The material used is low carbon steel with 4 mm plate thickness.
This study is sponsored by E-Science MOSTI Project (Nr: 03-01-01-SF0355).
Mariappan, “Combine Taguchi and dual response method for optimization of a centerles grinding operation,” Journal of Material Processing Technology 132, 2003, 90-94

Introduction SiO2 films are the most widely used dielectric materials in the solid state electronic and optoelectronic devices, and SiO2 gate dielectric films with thicknesses of a few nanometers are used for an ultra-large scale integration in submicron electronic devices[1,2].
Single layers and multilayer stacks can be investigated without limits on the type of materials present.
Metallic or non-metallic; organic or non-organic; amorphous, polycrystalline, or single-crystal materials can all be measured by XRR[7].
An X-ray refractive index of a material βδ in +−= 1 , where δ is a dispersion term which is proportional to a mass density(ρ) and β an absorption term.
Chau: Intel Technology Journal Vol. 6 (2002), p. 42 [2] C.

LUMEX RA-915M Portable Mercury Analyzer, Zeeman effect background correction techniques RP-91liquid sample analysis of attachment, RP-91C solid samples pyrolysis device, AFS-830 atomic fluorescence spectrometer (Jitian Company, China), Milli-QWater (Millipore Company, France), AE240 One Over Ten-thousand Analytical Balance (Mettler Toledo company China), DN64 drying oven (Yamato Company, Japan) Mercury Standard Solution (Institute for Environmental Reference Materials of Ministry of Environmental Protection), mercury standard soil samples, sodium hydroxide, stannous chloride, potassium borohydride, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride were of analytical grade, argon was at level of more than 99.99%.
The tables 7-8 show the determination of mercury in the real soil samples and Recoveries of the metnods spiked with standard materials for the real samples.
Table 7 Determination of mercury in the real soil samples Sample source Direct determination Digested-cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy Digested-atomic fluorescence spectrometry Digested-soil (g) Mercury levels (ng/g) Digested-soil (g) Concentration (ng/L) Mercury levels (ng/g) Digested-soil (g) Concentration (ng/L) Mercury levels (ng/g) Wuyi Mountain, Fujian 0.034 230.2 0.54417 1.2470 223 0.54417 1.558 269 0.075 243.7 0.80041 2.0470 252 0.80041 2.361 283 Liu’an, Anhui 0.100 54.58 0.58969 0.3464 53 0.58969 0.398 51 0.065 55.77 1.23676 0.6890 53 1.23676 0.798 59 Table 8 Recoveries of the metnods spiked with standard materials for the real samples Sample source Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Lu’an, Anhui Blank control Recovery (%) Direct determination 110 108 105 Digested- cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy 88.8 89.1 92.0 Digested - atomic fluorescence spectrometry 96.0 93.3 92.2 According to the above tables, the results indicated that the recoveries of real samples by portable
Cheng: The academic annual conference Chinese society of environmental sciences, (2010), p. 3785 [2] HJ 597-2011 Water quality-Determination of total mercury-cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry [S]
Yang: Journal of Instrumental Analysis, Vol. 24 (2005), p. 93 [14] C.P.

Introduction 50Mn2V is base material of diamond saw blade, it has excellent abrasion resistance, good machinability, high thermal stability and long service life, etc., is widely used in airport construction, stone processing industry [1].
Experiment materials and methods 50Mn2V sample comes from a steel CSP production line of the slab, its chemical composition is as follows Tab.1: Table 1 50Mn2V sample main chemical composition（wt%） C Si Mn P S Alt Ni Cr V Ti Cu 0.538 0.248 1.46 0.014 0.003 0.0208 0.01 0.23 0.128 0.0053 0.03 The samples are casting processed into a straight bar with threaded ends.
Lang He, Engineer, Email:CCFM@vip.163.com, Chongqing Material Research Institute, Chongqing, 400707, China Reference [1].Z.B Dong, H.X Dong, Study on the Adaptability of Process of 50Mn2V Steel,[J] Wuhan Steel Technology, 2008.46（2）:16-18
[4].Y.K Yang, T.L Wu, Xianmei Jiang, High Temperature Strength of Metal and Test[M] Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1984:33-37
[9].Y.J Hu, J.T Han, Study on SCM435 High Temperature Hot Steel Billet Plastic[J], Journal of Steelmaking, 2010,26（4）：50-54.

CFRP) materials has been widely used as an alternative to steel plates in retrofitting reinforced concrete structures throughout most parts of the world.
Test material preparation Three RC beams were made in the test, the beams were 1900mm long and simply supported with rectangular cross section of 180×250mm.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the project of science and technology plan of Jinan under Grant No 201305029/201211042.
"Recommendation for Design and Construction of Concrete Structure Using Continuous Fiber Reinforcing M aterials" .Published by Research Committee on Continuous Fiber Reinforcing Materials, JSCE.
[4] Houssam A, Toutanji, Mohamed Saafi: ACI Structure Journal, 2000, 97(9): 71 -78.

Higher electron conductivity means the material has higher SCC performance.
D.A.Lukasak．Advanced Materials & Process， Vol.10 (1991)：p46 2.
T.S Srivatsan．Journal of Materials.
Materials Science Forum, Vol.331-337 (2000): p921 4．G.W.Lorimer and R.B.Nicholson．Inst.Metals，London，1968：36 5．L.F.Mondolfo，N.A.Gjφstein and D.W.Levinson．Trans.

This project have undertaken the present novelty and important investigation to produced high quality, strong and light material of radiation crosslinked ENR/EVA/CNTs nanocomposites.
Materials.
[7] Ratnam, C.T., Nasir, M., Baharin, A., Zaman, K.: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (2000), 171(4), p. 455-464
[8] Poh, B.T. & Lee, K.S.: European Polymer Journal (1994), 30(1), p. 17-23
[15] Ang, C.H., Garnett, J.L., Levot, R., Long, M.A.: Applied Polymer Science (1982), 27(12), p. 4893-4895.

Ltd, Lanzhou,Gansu Province, P.R.China 730060 2,3,4,5Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.
Figure 10 Hot-rolled material pinhole-1 Figure 11 Hot-rolled material pinhole -2 Figure 12 Hot-rolled material pinhole -3 Figure 13 Hot-rolled material pinhole -4 As the heat process is completely different, the morphology of the light gauge foil pinhole that produced by hot-rolled wool is completely different from the casting and rolling material, from the morphology, in addition to pinhole by the hot-rolled plates slag, pinholes in the hot-rolled sheet is basically formed in the process, foreign body pressed and the rub scratch cause the pinhole formation.
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2006,16(8):1394-1399