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Introduction Immersion quenching operation is widely applied in the industry to change materials properties under high temperatures and high rates of cooling, a condition in which the heat transfer can be dominated by the cooling characteristics of the cooling media.
To attain the required heat transfer conditions, exactly known thermal loads must be supplied on the material surface, namely design surface, and thus both the temperature and the heat flux are prescribed.
Das: A simplex search method for a conductive–convective fin with variable conductivity, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 54 (2011) 5001–5009 [8] O.
Stick : Martens hardening of steel - Prediction of temperature distribution and surface hardness, Materials Science Forum 102-104 (1992) 741-75

There are 3 industries in the RUI group, which are the industries of Coal Mining and Dressing; Ferrous Metal Smelting and Processing; Production and Supply of Electric Power and Heat Power. 8 industries are in the DRI group, which are the industries of agricultural byproduct processing; Beverage Manufacturing; Textile; Papermaking and Paper Products; Petroleum Processing, Coking and Nuclear Fuel Processing; Chemical Raw Materials and Chemical Products Manufacturing; Nonmetal Mineral Products; Smelting and Pressing of Nonferrous Metals. 23 industries are in the SDI group, which are the industries of Non-Ferrous Metal Mining; Non-Metallic Mining; Food Manufacturing; Tobacco; Manufacturing of Textiles ,Clothing, Shoes, and Caps; Production of Leather, Fur, Feathers and its Products; Wood Processing and Wood, Bamboo, Rattan, Palm and Grass Products; Furniture Manufacturing; Printing and the Copy of Recording Media; Pharmacy; Chemical Fiber Manufacturing; Rubber Products; Plastic Products; Fabricated
Oil and Gas Mining Industry IV IV IV IV IV EDOI Ferrous Metal Mining Industry III IV IV IV IV EDOI Non-Ferrous Metal Mining Industry III III III III III SDI Non-Metallic Mining Industry III III III III III SDI Agricultural Byproduct Processing Industry III III III II III DRI Food Manufacturing Industry III III III III III SDI Beverage Manufacturing Industry III III III II III DRI Tobacco Industry III III III III III SDI Textile Industry III III III II III DRI Manufacturing of Textiles ,Clothing, Shoes, and Caps III III III III III SDI Production of Leather, Fur, Feathers and its Products III III III III III SDI Wood Processing and Wood, Bamboo, Rattan, Palm and Grass Products III III III III III SDI Furniture Manufacturing Industry III III III III III SDI Papermaking and Paper Products Industry III III III II III DRI Printing and the Copy of Recording Media Industry III III III III III SDI Petroleum Processing, Coking and Nuclear Fuel Processing Industry I II I II II DRI Chemical Raw Materials
The Quarterly Journal of Economics[J]，1999(114)：83—116
Sustainable development and industrial structure adjustment [M].Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2006.6 [5] Li Jinkai.
The theory and Evidence in research of Energy Constraints and China's Economic Growth [M].Beijing: China Material Press, 2009.1 [6] Yu Jiang.

Huiyuan group has two main sources of raw materials: one part from the large supply farm, another part from the retail growers.
Under normal circumstances, the supply base and retail for raw materials after collection stations set early processing, sterilization and processing after testing for qualified, sent to a processing plant, made from a variety of different fruit juice drinks through the distribution center, sent to the major distribution suppliers and supermarkets, up to the final consumer.
Raw material departure from the farm through each level in turn, eventually reaching the consumer.
Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management,2005,13(1):12-20
Information and Computer Science,2002,45(7): 697-2710

Hassan Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory, School of Physics, University Science Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia *E-mail of Corresponding author: naser@usm.my Keywords: GaNMicrocavity, UV light enhancement, critical angle.
This implies that move light escapes from the GaN in to these materials.
Single-interface intensity reflectance versus internal angle of incidence using different material as external medium (HfO2, epoxy, MgF2, air).
Some microcavity designs were given, to improve the light extraction and enhance the spontaneous emission rate in light-emitting devices using different materials like (HfO2, MgF2, epoxy, and air) as external medium.
Krauss, Illumination With Solid State Lighting Technology, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 8 (2), March/April (2002) 310-320 [3] H.

Beijing Information Science & Technology University, BeiJing,100192, P.R.China.
Simultaneously, the workpiece is rotating by a geared motor, so the material of the wire piles up a line on the surface of the workpiece.
When the Wire feed head moves to the next place after a whole circle, the piled material circles will form a thin layer on the workpiece.
The welding layer is formed by overlapping tracks, and every track has a rough surface formed by the uneven flow of melted material.
References [1] LI Zhengying, Automatic Control of Open Arc Surfacing System for the Milling Roller，Welding Journal，2008(29).4，83-87

Rock mechanics parameters are provided by engineering survey materials.
Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic theory model is used in the mechanics model numerical calculation of rock materials.
According to the detailed geotechnical material, initial geo-stress is considered as rock gravity in vertical direction.
References [1] Xiuying WANG, Mengshu WANG, Mi ZHANG: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1): 125–127.in Chinese [2] Xiaoyan WAN, Liwei CHEN: China Railway Science, 2006, 27(4): 62–67.in Chinese [3] Chengping ZHANG.

Chang 1, d 1 Department of Materials Engineering, MingChi University of Technology, Taipei 243, Taiwan a chensc@mail.mcut.edu.tw, b U93187022@mail2.mcut.edu.tw, c U94187014@mail2.mcut.edu.tw, d U94187020@mail2.mcut.edu.tw Keywords: NiO-Au composite films；electrical and optical properties；rf sputtering.
NiO is an attractive material for wide range of applications, such as electrochromic display devices [3], p-type transparent conductive films [4], anti-ferromagnetic materials [5], etc, because its good optical and electrical properties and chemical stability.
When the Au contents are below 9.6 at.%, the NiO-Au composite films show p-type conduction, but they display n-type conduction as Au contents are increased to above 13.3 at.% Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Science Council and Ministry of Economic Affairs of Taiwan through Grant No. 97-2221-E-131-004 and 98-EC-17-A-08-S1-006, respectively.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society: 30 (2010), p.503.

Study on the preparation and property of the ceramic film on the LY12 aluminium alloy Xiaowen Chen a, Defen Zhang b* School of Materilas Science and Engineering Southwest Petroleum Univerisity, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500 a xwchen5188@163.com; b zhangdefen0304@163.com (* corroesponding author) Keywords: LY12 aluminum alloy; Microarc oxidation; Corrosion resistance Abstract: The ceramic thin film on the surface of LY12 aluminum alloy were prepared by the method of the microarc oxidation.
Experimental materials and procedure LY12 aluminum alloys were used, four piece of cuboid aluminum alloys with the 20mm×30 mm ×1.8mm by wire-electrode cutting, the chemical element is listed as table 1[8] .Microarc oxidation equipment includes power supply, sitting press control system, eletrolytic trough, stir system and circulated system.
It can obviously be seen from the table 4 that the thickness of the aluminum alloy by microarc oxidation is larger than that of base materials and the hardness of film is increased with the increase of current density which is related to the increased thickness with the increase of current density current.
But with the continue increase of the current density, ceramic film was breakdown, which not only result in roughness, porosity and large particles, but also make the ceramic material peel off and separate from the sample surface under the high voltage and large current, thereby it lead to density of ceramic film and tightness decreased, finally result in corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation film prepared under high current density is lowered.
Research progress on microarc oxidation technology[J ].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2005, 33 (9): 1133-1138.

Optimization of Pyrrole Electropolymerization on a Steel Gauze Electrode Using the Cyclic Voltammetry Method Yulia Sukmawardani1,2,a, Ihsanawati1,b, and Buchari1,c* 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl.
Therefore, the condition of the surface of the electrode depend on its nature, imperfections and irregularities in the material.
Experiment Materials Research The materials used were pyrrole, KCl, phosphate buffer, steel gauze, and platinum wire as an electrodes.
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2004, 4 (2), 117 – 124 [2] Genies, E.M., Bidan, G., and Diaz, A.F., 1983, J.

This deposition technique produces the microstructure characterized by both flat particles called splat, and micro defects involving globular pores and intrasplat cracks, which allow an inelastic deformation of this brittle material.
The material properties assigned to the BC were those of the CoNiCrAlY alloy generally used in GT blades.
The material of the substrate (SUB) was assumed to be a Ni-based super alloy IN738LC.
The dependency of the loading pattern on stress was caused by the brittle-ductile transition temperature of the bond coating material.
Ogata, International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 18 (2002), pp. 1111-1131