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Data obtained from HTTM were displacement and load which corresponding to the 0.2% offset yield strength as well as tensile strength of each tested sample.
The reduction in area as ductility was measured around failed cross section of sample.
Fig. 5(c) indicates the percent reduction of area vs tested temperature of welded samples.
The results show that when the tested temperature increases, the percent of reduction area (%RA), which represents ductility of material, is also higher, except ER90S-B9 welded sample at 650°C which is significantly decreased.
This result corresponds to the lower percent reduction of area which shows brittle characteristic.

Friction factor maps allow quantifying the friction factor along the contact area between parts and tools, by simply considering the decrease in internal diameter versus the reduction in height experienced by the workpiece during the forging process.
For a specific reduction in height there is a critical friction value where the inner diameter increases compared to the original one when the friction factor is low-medium, and decreases when the friction factor is high.
Based on this effect, friction factors maps can be drawn, considering the percentage of decrease in internal diameter, rd (Eq. 1), versus the percentage of reduction in height of the ring, rh (Eq. 2), for each particular friction factor: (1) (2) where di,0 is the internal diameter of the ring at the initial stage, di,1 is the internal diameter of the ring at the final stage, h0 is the initial height of the ring and h1 the final height of the ring for every reduction.
The applicability of friction factors maps is to determine the friction factor, m, involved in actual metal forming operations; thus, when a material is formed using a particular lubricant, by measuring the internal diameter change of the ring for a specific reduction in height this parameter can be read directly from the map.
Displacement data in height and inner diameter are provided by the FE software in every step of the simulation for all the friction factors and materials considered.

Some of samples were cold rolled to obtain a 2.0mm thickness sheet (a total reduction of 85%).
From the pole figure data obtained, the orientation distribution function (ODF) was computed using the formulation of Bunge [2].
Fig. 4 shows φ2=0° section and φ2=45° section of the ODFs for Ti-26Nb-1.0Si alloy with cold rolling reduction of 85%.
Fig. 5 shows φ2=0° section and φ2=45° section of the ODFs for Ti-26Nb-1.0Si alloy heat-treated at 1023K for 2.4ks with cold rolling reduction of 85%.
Orientation distribution functions for Ti-26Nb-1.0Si alloy with cold rolling reductions of 85%.

This reduction is caused by the manufacturing process, which results in an uneven distribution of fibres across the cross section and often undesirable corrugations, as well as in the deflection of the applied force away from the longitudinal axis of the reinforcement.
The result is a significant reduction in tensile strength [1].
Despite the significant reduction in load capacity, the use of bent FRP reinforcement is justified, as it complements the range of non-metallic composite reinforcements and allows for the complex reinforcement of structural details and complex cross-sectional shapes.
For the slab variant with longitudinal FRP reinforcement, there was a reduction of the punching capacity of up to about 50% compared to reinforced concrete.
Acknowledgements Data for the results presented were obtained with financial support from the funds of the specific research FAST–S–21–7503 "Use of indirect FRP reinforcements in the design of selected details of point-supported ceiling structure" and project TH04020431 "Extension of application area of FRP reinforcement in concrete structures".

The factory owners of building materials can file the application and supply test data with TAF certification, proofs of production, ingredient and quality control, and registration document of its legality.
The recycled GBMs meet the demand of CO2 Emission Reduction and Waste Reduction Indicators.
Table 1 Relationship between Taiwan’s Green Building Evaluation and Green Building Material Application Green Building Rating System EEWH Green Building Material Labeling System Category Evaluation Indicators Applications Ecology Bio-diversity Greenery Soil Water Content (Water infiltration and retention) -- -- High-performance GBM (permeability), Ecological GBM, Recycled GBM Energy Saving Energy conservation High-performance GBM (energy saving) Waste Reduction CO2 emission reduction Construction waste reduction Ecological GBM, Recycled GBM Ecological GBM, Recycled GBM Health Indoor environment Water conservation Sewage and garbage improvement Healthy GBM, Ecological GBM, Recycled GBM, High-performance GBM (sound insulation) High-performance GBM -- From the perspective of the “Architecture Doctor (AD)” concept, now researchers and experts would diagnose causes of IEQ problems and prescribe recipes, for instance, strategies of green building and green building material

Analysis data showed the current conventional water treatment process has severe shortcomings for treating water suddenly polluted by algae, ammonium and organic matter.
The removal rate of organic matter in the conventional water treatment process is limited to 20%~30%, and there is nearly no reduction when the concentration of the OM is around trace degree [1].
Combination of O3 and UV with H2O2 was found to result in more TOC and UV254 reduction than the individual processes.
The O3/UV process was found to be the most effective AOP for OM reduction, with TOC and UV254 reduced by 31 and 88%, respectively.
AOPs may find better application in combination with other treatments, thus enhancing their efficiency for OM removal, for example, the combination of AOP and BAC treatment has been suggested to offer a more viable option for the reduction of harmful DBPs than the AOP alone.

Following the rapid reduction at an early deformation (e < 0.5) the transverse grain size monotonously decreases during multiple rolling at 800-900°C.
Namely, following the rapid reduction during straining to 0.4, the grain size demonstrate weak strain dependence in the strain range of 0.4 < e <0.8.
Then, the rapid reduction in the grain size takes place in the strain range of 0.8 < e < 1.2 followed by a decrease in the grain refinement rate at larger strains.
The rapid reduction of the transverse grain size in the intermediate strain range is closely connected with the development of the frequently intersected deformation microbands.
This figure includes the present results along with the same literature data [13-18].

Existing research of panel data analysis shows that many empirical analyses are based on provincial panel data, and they ignore the differences between the cities.
The paper use the latest data to study the impact of FDI on the environment on the basis of the city panel data, and this paper recommend a lot of relevant policy advice.
Model specifications and data We make a Model to predict that the impact of foreign direct investment on environment.
It means that FDI decrease pollution reduction.
The model is estimated by the panel data of China's 130 cities’ industrial sulfur dioxide emission from 1991 to 2004.

Introduction Many countries have taken measures of energy conservation and emissions reduction to protect environment due to continuous increase of energy consumption in the worldwide and unceasing worsening of global ecological environment.
Moreover, we analyze the causality between energy consumption and economic growth based on the data of 31 provinces in China from 1978 to 2011.
Based on the yearly data of 31 provinces of China from 1978 to 2011 obtained from China Statistical Yearbook (CSY), we evaluate the industrialization level of each province in each year.
First, we give the Panel Unit Root Test as below. 2.2 Panel Unit Root Test For the sample data, we assume the 1-order auto-regression process takes the following form: (1) In (1), denotes the external variables, including the cross-sectional fixed effect and time tread; N is the sample number with representing the time interval of the i-th element; are independent and identical distributed random error terms.
Table 6: The Granger Causality Test in the Pre-industrial Stage Dependent variable Independent variables short term long term lnGDP lnEC ECT lnGDP 4.610 (0.008) -0.749 (0.018) lnEC 3.993 (0.015) -0.732 (0.059) Main Results and Policy Suggestion The authors have tested the causality between the energy consumption and economic growth based on the data in 31 provinces of China.

Experimental data is a result of 3-5 measurements.
Table 3 presents the data about influence of silver nitrate concentration in IRM on gel fraction yield and equilibrium swelling degree of PVP gels.
Indeed, the data presented in Table 4 confirm that increasing of sodium chloride concentration in water reduce swelling degree of PVP hydrogels.
Relevant data for freeze-dried samples of hydrogel dressings are presented in Figures 2-4.
The data of atomic force microscopy are shown in Figure 4.