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（2）Crack width （4） bj: Crack width (mm);λb: Crack width coefficient; The design temperature difference and steel reinforcement ratio are the main factors influencing the design of crack width and spacing under certain conditions of the concrete and steel material.
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2001, 1(2):56-57
Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, 2012, 33(3):40-43
Shanxi Science & Technology of Communications, 2012,01：1-3 [5] Selezneva, O.
Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2005,131(9):645-652

Ecological civilization refers to the combination of materials and spiritual results acquired following the harmonious development principle among human, the nature, and the society as well as a cultural ethics form with the harmonious coexistence, virtuous cycle, comprehensive development, and continuing prosperity between human and the nature, among human, and between human and the society [2].
You can see the low-carbon products and technologies everywhere concentrated with the latest science & technology in the world.
[2] Tan Weiguo, Strengthening the Ecological Civilization in New Countryside Construction [J], Journal of Zhengzhou Committee School of the CCP, 2009, 1:21-24
Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2008 [4] Huang Wei, Shen Yuedong, Thoughts on Development of Low-carbon Economy in the Yangtze River Delta [J], Shanghai Electric Power, 2010, (1): 13-16
Journal of Fujian Normal University, 2010, (4): 1-5.

According to these laws municipal solid waste generated within their territories is their property and they are mandatory to remove and dispose of these materials without causing any nuisance to the general public.
If the portion of waste consists of organics and can be easily separated from other waste materials, bioconversion of waste may become a viable strategy.
Technology employed for Hazardous Waste Management Two decades ago, the common hazardous waste management practice was open dumping with MSW and it created unfavorable amount of hazardous materials seeping into the ground.
Siddiqui, Issues with Solid Waste Management in South Asian Countries, Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science, 2012. 1(2) 129-131
Journal of the College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka, 16(2), (2011) 15-20.

The structures are realized with mud brick and local materials using traditional methodologies for construction.
Using traditional materials and construction techniques has enhanced the local culture's value.
However, it has enhanced the values of originality for both materials and functions exhibited in the open-air museums.
JES Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2019 Nov 1;47[6]:868–82
Sustainable Local Materials: A Study of Adobe Bricks in Saudi Arabia.

Following the results of measuring, the materials under comparison were lined up in a randometric series, for example, materials were positioned in a series ascending the maximum mark width bimax.
Diagnostics of Materials» No 9, 2010,Vol 76 p. 41-43 (in Russian) [4] D.A.
Patent 2495412, The method of comparative evaluation of the properties of materials (in Russian) [8] A.V.
Batako, Nano-scale multilayered-composite coatings for the cutting tools, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2014.
Anikeev, Carbide Tools with Nano-Dispersed Coating for High-Performance Cutting of Hard-To-Cut Materials, Advanced Materials Research, 2014.

Trials of #1 (17.5 MPa), #2 (17.5 MPa), #5 (17.8 MPa), #6 (17.8 MPa) have also shown high safety of materials.
Features of energy efficient upgrade of historic buildings (illustrated with the example of Saint-Petersburg) (2014) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-10
Petersburg (2014) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 638-640, pp. 2460-2464
The change in selected properties of ceramic materials obtained from ceramic brick treated by the sulphate and chloride ions (2014) Construction and Building Materials, Vol 66, No. 15, pp. 268-274
Metody opredeleniya predelov prochnosti pri szhatii i izgibe [Wall materials.

However, this method is only suitable for the conducted materials and the reciprocating linear motion.
However, the related journal papers about the surface magnetization are very little over the past decades.
The other related papers main investigated the different characteristics of the magnetic materials [5] or the effects of additional magnetic fields on the directions of magnetic domains in the materials [6].
Specimen materials PVD / CVD TiN PVD SKD11-matrix CVD SKD11-matrix Vickers surface hardness, Hv 1800～2100 376 555 Experimental procedures.
Cullity, Introduction to magnetic materials, Addison-Wesley, 1972

Such material can be dried out and safely utilised.
Materials For the fly ash treatment, a pure form of powdered tannin (tannic acid) by “Lach-Ner, s.r.o.” and Farmatan by “Tanin Sevnica d.d.”, which is a powder form of chestnut tannin plus sweeteners containing 75 % of tannin, were used.
As an auxiliary raw materials for AAC production the gypsum (CaSO4 . 2H2O ) was added to the mixture and very fine aluminium powder was used as a foaming agent.
Chemical composition of the key raw materials is shown in table 1.
Journal of Energy Engineering (2001), 27,37-50

In ferrites with applications as magnetic materials, Al3+ has usually been substituted by Fe3+.
Pure AP 20 706 517 178 7 AP + 5% CoFe2O4 20 571 924 107 7 Liu et al. [8] synthesized nanometer copper ferrite CuFe2O4 (CuF) by auto-combustion method using cupric nitrate, ferric nitrate and malic acid as starting materials.
Tilley, Understanding Solids: The science of materials, John Wiley and Sons, (2004) 376
Gleiter, Nanocrystalline materials, Prog.
Hu, Preparation of nanometer CuFe2O4 by auto-combustion and its catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, Materials Letters 62(2008) 4056–4058 [9] G.

Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important industry material and applied in plastic, rubber, sensor and the luminescent display device, etc.
ZnO materials prepared by the different methods have the different generated mechanism and the different final product performance.
Zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, Shanghai qingxi), methanol (CH3OH, Shanghai No.1 Reagent Factory), aluminum nitrate 9-hydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O, Tianjin Fengchuan Chemical Reagent), ethanol (CH3CH2OH, AR, Shanghai jiuyi), indium chloride (InCl3, Aladdin Reagent) were used as starting materials.
Acknowledgments These researches have been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61066003), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (No. 2009GZW0013, 2010GQW0039), the JiangXi Province Key Technology R&D Program, China (No. 2010BGA01100), and the Education Bureau of Jiangxi Province, China (No.
Chen: Journal of Physical Chemistry C Vol. 111 (2007) p.13398-13403 [10] J.