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Bratskii, Material structure and ceramic properties of a clay opoks, Engineering Bulletin of don. 4 (2014) 47–59
Kotlyar, Wall ceramics on the basis of siliceous opal–kristobalit of rocks – a opok, Rostov state University of civil engineering, Rostov–on–Don, 2011
Kotlyar, Technology and design of front products of wall ceramics on the basis of siliceous the opoks of rocks, Rostov state University of civil engineering, Rostov–on–Don, 2014

Finite Element Analysis on Exterior Joint of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure Chunming Wei, Delong Shao, Hui Su and Qiang Zhao College of Architectural and Civil Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin, China weichunming-04@163.com Keywords: the exterior joint; construction joint; finite element analysis; skeleton curve Abstract.
Park: New Zealand Engineering Vol. 26(1971), p. 341 [3] R.
Annual Conference-Canadian society for Civil Engineer Vol. (2005), p. 10 [4] Chen Cheng: Harbin Institute of Technology, Master Thesis ,2009

Hedong Niu, Zhishen Wu, Numerical Analysis of Debonding Mechanisms in FRP-Strengthened RC Beams[J], Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,2005(20): 354~368; [5].
Engineering Structures [J]. 2005. 27(6) . 920~937; [6].
FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, CICE. 2004:171～178; [8].

Since its initiation and sustained growth culminating in increased importance given during the later half of the nineteenth century the topic of fatigue of materials has focused on studying, documenting, interpreting and and rationalizing the engineering approaches that are frequently used to design against the initiation of fatigue damage and ensuing propagation culminating in catastrophic failure or fracture.
Through the time period spanning the last three decades the subject of fatigue behavior of materials has grown to become a major area of scientific and applied research encompassing the disciplines of (a) materials science, spanning the families of metals, ceramics, intermetallics, polymers and their composite counterparts, (b) aerospace engineering, (c) civil engineering, (d) mechanical engineering, (e) biomedical engineering, (f) applied mathematics, and (g) applied physics.
Lavernia (Dean of Engineering: University of California at Davis, USA).
Srivatsan, FASM, FASME Professor Division of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Akron Akron, Ohio 44325-3903, USA

In this paper, combined with the background engineering, according to the cable-stayed bridge's design theory, through the adjustment of cable force to change the structure's internal force by using the big general finite element method software which is named Midas/Civil, and then analyzed the related parameters affecting to structural internal force and distortion, which obtained the reasonable length of non-stayed cable segment to this kind of bridge.
Engineering examples Project Overview.
Under the background of engineering practice, analysis the influence of non-stayed cable segment beside pylon on the global mechanical properties of the bridge.
When the value of the length is 18.0m for the engineering project, on the other hand, the value of height span ratio is 0.15, the girder loading is most reasonable.

Theoretical Analysis of the Possibilities for Aluminium Alloy Beam to be Strengthened Using Elements of Steel Boris Gligic1,a *, Dragan Budjevac2,b and Zlatko Markovic3,c 13dSECo Consulting and Engineering, Juzni bulevar 41, 11118 Belgrade, Serbia 2,3Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia agliga@orion.rs, bzlatko@imk.grf.bg.ac.rs, cbudjoni@imk.grf.bg.ac.rs Keywords: Aluminium, beam, composite, bonding, strength, deformation.
Such thinking, but engineer’s intuition as well, somehow blocks or in advance rejects any idea of coupling materials with different thermal expansion coefficients in structural engineering.
Despite research activities on aluminium and steel composites in other fields of engineering literature review indicates that this issue is neglected in the field of structural engineering.
In engineering practice and catalogues of different manufacturers are relatively often solutions for strengthening of aluminium alloy mullions by steel.
[9] Gligic B.: Stability of structural elements made from aluminium alloys, MSc thesis, Faculty of civil engineering, University of Belgrade, 1993

Hysteretic Features of Low Yield Point Steel and its Influence on Shear Plate Damper Behavior Qun He1,2,a*, Yiyi Chen1,2,3,b, Wei Wang1,2,3,c and Hai Tian4,d 1State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 3Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assembly Building Technology Integration, Shanghai 200092, China 4Lead Dynamic Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200080, China a15hequn@tongji.edu.cn, byiyichen@tongji.edu.cn, cweiwang@tongji.edu.cn, dtianhai@lead-dynamic.com *Corresponding author Keywords: Low yield point steel; Cyclic plasticity behavior; LYP100; Shear plate damper.
Engineering Structures, 126: 391-404, 2016
Journal of Structural Engineering, 121(12): 1750-1757, 1995
Journal of Structural Engineering, 121(12): 1742-1749, 1995
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10(3): 143-152, 1998

Seismic performance of a multi-span RC highway bridge with high damping rubber bearings Yong Li1, 2, a, Jinjie Wang2, b, Jingbo Liu1, c 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 10084 2 College of architecture and civil engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, 10024 a lyncdw@126.com, b vincent10@sina.com, c liujb@tsinghua.edu.cn Keywords: High damping rubber bearings; Highway bridge; Rubber bearing; Elasto-plastic analysis；Seismic response Abstract: Based on the nonlinear dynamic time history analysis, a multi-span RC highway bridge with high damping rubber bearings was studied, to investigate the damping ratio and seismic performance of the bridge and high damping rubber bearings compared with the rubber bearings.
Fig1 Rubber bearings’ damage during Wenchuan earthquake in China Though the seismic control and isolation of bridges has been developed relatively early in civil engineering, the ductility seismic concept and corresponding seismic control and isolation technics have not been widely acknowledged and accepted by bridge engineering designers until the publication of the new seismic code[1] for bridges.
Lee, Shaking table tests of a scaled bridge model with rolling-type seismic isolation bearings, Engineering Structures 29, 694-702, 2007
Nonlinear behavior of dynamic systems with high damping rubber devices, Engineering Structures , 30, 3610-3618, 2008
Engineering Structure, 20(9): 849-856, 1998

The search for solutions that minimize damage to the environment we have in the civil construction sector, a specialty of technological activity that, by the amount of natural resources consumed, can be widely indicated absorbing solid residues according to Lucas and Benatti [3].
According Jhon [4], the civil construction is the sector responsible for the largest volume of consumption of natural resources, on estimations that vary between 15 e 50% of the extracted resources, beyond their products are major energy consumers, and for these reason, it is of fundamental importance to develop alternative materials that meet this activity.
Basically consist of mica, quartz and part of kaolinite according to Varela [6] that when thermally treated provided changes in the stages which favors its use as pozzolan that could have expanded its application in civil construction in the substitution of cement in mortar among other products for the insdustry.
Jalali: Engineering and Life Vol. 42 January 2008

Comparative Study of Geopolymeric Materials Using Different Precursors André Miranda da Silva1,a, Carlos Eduardo Pereira1,b and Bianca Viana de Sousa1,c 1Federal University of Campina Grande, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aprígio Veloso Avenue, 882, Bairro Universitário - CEP: 58429-900 - Campina Grande – PB, Brazil aandre.equfcg@gmail.com, bdudaduda5@gmail.com, cbiancavianaeq@gmail.com Keywords: geopolymer, slag, bauxite mud.
In recent years, several studies about red mud developed technologies for its reuse: in the civil construction [10] as a cement raw material [11], and in the production of ceramic materials.
These materials are not recommended to be applied in civil construction, as they do not show adequate resistance according to NBR 12142.
The synthesis conditions of geopolymeric materials adopted were not suitable for application of them in civil construction due to the low resistance found.