Search results

In order to optimize the use of materials and space, more and more bridges have been designed to carry both highway and railway traffic, such as Tsing Ma Bridge (Hong Kong, China), Caiyuanba Bridge (Chongqing, China) etc.
Ltd and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (No. 2013M540640).
Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.248, p.745-761. (2001)
Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 294, p.562-579. (2006)

For these materials inter-granular cracking is dominant.
However under corrosive condition, even for ductile materials, quasi cleavage fracture surface can be observed [7].
ǩ is the acceleration factor of hydrogen. ǩ>1 means the hydrogen moves faster than the leading dislocation in the array (Brittle materials with high yield stress). ǩѩ 1 means that hydrogen moves almost equal to the leading dislocation in the array. ǩ<1 means that hydrogen moves slower than the leading dislocation in the array (Ductile materials with low yield stress).
This phenomenon occurs for ductile materials with larger yield stress.
Chambreuil and J.P.Chateau, International Journal of Fracture., 79(1995) p.147 8.J.Watanabe, T.Iwadate, Y.Tanaka and T.Yokobori, Engng.

COD is a comprehensive and functional index of water pollution, but it is not a material composition index.
Materials and methods Experimental materials, instrument and measurement method.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61078040), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 21611513) and the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2009B030801239).
Kameoka: Japan Journal of Food Engineering Vol. 5(2004), p. 22

Improvement of Structural, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of CrNx Sputtered Thin Films by Vacuum Annealing Process Intira Nualkham1,a, Rachsak Sakdanuphab2,b, Aparporn Sakulkalavek1,c* 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 2College of Advance Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 aimmejaminine@gmail.com, brachsak.sa@kmitl.ac.th, caparporn.sa@kmitl.ac.th Keywords: CrN, annealing process, reactive magnetron sputtering.
Chromium nitride (CrNx) films have been proposed to be a promising hard coating material owing its high hardness [1,2], high temperature oxidation [3-5], were and corrosion resistance [6].
Songsirisitthigul, Corrosion Behavior of AISI 4140 Steel Surface Coated by Physical Vapor Deposition, Journal of Metal, Materials and Minerals 22(1) (2012) 69-76
Ohring, The Materials Science of Thin Films, Academic Press, San Diego, 1992, pp. 432

Variation in ecosystem services value in a typical mountain town, Liaohe watershed, China Xiaofan Zhao1,2,a, Chao Zhang1, Limin Dai 2,b, Dongben Lian3, Ning Wang3, Dapao Yu2, Li Zhou2 and Wangming Zhou2 1College of Management, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China 2Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 3Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110171, China aiaexfzhao@163.com, blmdai@iae.ac.cn Keywords: Ecosystem services value, Value coefficients, Land use change, RS & GIS, Nanfen District Abstract.
Table 1 Equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services in China Ecosystem services function Cropland Woodland Grassland Water body Wetland Unused land Food production 1 0.33 0.43 0.53 0.36 0.02 Raw material 0.39 2.98 0.36 0.35 0.24 0.04 Gas regulation 0.72 4.32 1.5 0.51 2.41 0.06 Climate regulation 0.97 4.07 1.56 2.06 13.55 0.13 Hydrology regulation 0.77 4.09 1.52 18.77 13.44 0.07 Waste treatment 1.39 1.72 1.32 14.85 14.4 0.26 Soil conservation 1.47 4.02 2.24 0.41 1.99 0.17 Biodiversity conservation 1.02 4.51 1.87 3.43 3.69 0.4 Aesthetic landscape 0.17 2.08 0.87 4.44 4.69 0.24 In total 7.9 28.12 11.67 45.35 54.77 1.39 Table 2 Value coefficients of ecosystem service function in Nanfen District (VC, Yuan.ha-1.a-1) Ecosystem services function Cropland Woodland Grassland Water body Wetland Unused land Food production 885.7 292.28 380.85 469.42 318.85 17.71 Raw material 345.42 2639.39 318.85 310 212.57 35.43 Gas regulation 637.7 3826.22 1328.55 451.71 2134.54 53.14 Climate regulation
Specifically, values of ecosystem service functions for gas regulation, raw material, soil conservation and biodiversity increased slowly, and the other five service functions showed a reduction trend from 1995 to 2006.
The overall rank order for each ecosystem function based on their contributions to the overall value of ecosystem services was as follows, from high to low, biodiversity conservation, hydrology regulation, gas regulation, climate regulation, soil conservation, raw material, aesthetic landscape, waste treatment and food production.
Chen: Journal of Natural Resources.

Experimental Material and equipment.
Image analysis method is widely used in morphology studies of a variety of materials.
The goal of image segmentation is to divide digital images into a number of regions with disjoint common properties which can be defined as grayscale, color, texture and materials, etc. [9, 10].
[3] Yaowen Chen, Yuejuan Lin, Haidan Zhang, et.al: Chinese journal of stereology and image analysis Vol. 11 (2006), p. 53-58, in Chinese
[6] Baoyu Wang, Beihai He, Junrong Li, et.al: Paper Science& Technology Vol. 29 (2010), p. 58-64, in Chinese

Experiment materials and methods Experiment materials.
The curves can be more effective to assess the pitting corrosion resistance of the tested materials.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing .2010 32(4):461-465 [9] CAO Chu-nan, Principles of Electrochemistry of Corrosion[M], Third Edition.
TRANSACTIONS OF MATERIALS AND HEAT TREATMENT.
Beijing: Science Press, 1964:243 [14] XIAO Ji-mei, CAO Chu-nan: Principles of corrosion material [M], First Edition.

These separate materials contact together when they flow through the lower die (with welding chamber).
After stage E, the separated materials meet together and solid welding occurs.
According to main body metallurgical phase and side metallurgical structure, the materials are bonded under the shear force at the side.
Lo: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 140 (2003), p.700
Cui: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 266 (1999), p. 295.

Florentin et al., “5 MeV Proton and 15 MeV Electron Radiation Effects Study on 4H-SiC nMOSFET Electrical Parameters” IEEE Trans.on.Nuclear Science, Vol. 61, Issue 4, 2014 [4] M.Florentin, M.Alexandru, et al., “Low energy proton radiation impact on 4H-SiC nMOSFET gate oxide stability” Material Science forum Vols. 778-780 pp 525-528, 2014
[6] R.Greenm A.Lelis et al., “Radiation-Induced Trapped Charging Effects in SiC Power MOSFETs ” Material Science forum Vols. 778-780 pp 533-536, 2014 [7] T.R.
McLean “Total Ionionazing Dose Effects in MOS Oxides and Devices” IEEE Trans.on.Nuclear Science, Vol 50, No.3, 2003
Camara, et al., “Effects of photons on the rapid thermal oxidation of 4H-SiC using nitrous oxide gas”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 157 (6), G136, 2010
Devine, “Microscopic Nature of Border Traps in MOS Oxides”, IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp.1817- 1827, 1994.

Materials and Methods Sample Collection and Target Compounds.
Wong: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 409(21): pp 4519-4527(2011)
Gschwend: Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 39: pp 141-148(2005)
Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, Vol. 21(12): pp 1625-1631(2009)
Zhao: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 407(8): pp 2931-2938(2009)