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The coding of the material refers the contents of the respective materials.
Besides it, the EDX analysis also having the limitation to detect light materials, namely hydrogen, helium and lithium.
Jefri of Material Science lab, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UTM for the FESEM-EDX test.
Materials Research 341-342 (2012) 108-112
Chan: submitted to Advanced Materials Research Journal (2013).

According to Mehta’s “the easiest, and the most effective solution” [8], the concrete’s density and durability will be improved by nano materials filled all pores and microcracks.
Materials and Methods Materials and mixtures.
It leaded an increase in atoms numbers, as the materials size reached nanometer level.
Acknowledgements This study, was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia grant No.
Zhang: Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology Vol. 30(2002), p. 31-35

Application Technology of Thin Asphalt Concrete Overlay on Old Pavement Sheng Li 1, a, ZhaoHui Liu 2,b, XinChun Chen2,c 1Key Laboratory of Road Structure and Material of Ministry of Transport, Changsha City, China 2Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha City, China alishengttt@163.com, bzh2309471@yahoo.com.cn, c chenxc10@126.com Keywords: Road engineering; Thin asphalt concrete overlay; Functional recovery; Application technology Abstract.
the structural strength of asphalt pavement and deformation resistance capacity of the asphalt layer meet the technical requirements (traffic volume, weather condition and usage performance), to compare the economic and technological aspects of thin overlays program based on principals of local conditions, reasonable materials selection, saving investment, and to choose the advanced technological, safe and reliable, economical, convenient construction structural concept. 2) Follow the scientific, reliable, applicable and economic guideline, and actively, carefully promote new technology, new materials, and advanced process to earnestly pave test section and to gather experiences, make constant improvement and promote step by step. 3) Pavement structure program shall attach to pertinent regulations of environment protection, and reasonably arrange the mixing and standing position of asphalt mixture and properly deal with the old asphalt mixture waste to protect the environment and reduce
then to spray SBS modified asphalt cohesive waterproof layer on the milled road surface. 3.1Target mix design of thin asphalt concrete overlay materials Stones used for project choose sturdy andesite, whose particle shapes are very good, as they all shape like proximate square, and ore powder is replaced by cement to improve water stability and high temperature stability.
Table 3 Screening results of hot material silo Sieve pore 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 12~9mm 100 100 70.306 2.3863 0 0 0 0 0 0 9~5mm 100 100 100 4.4626 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~3mm 100 100 100 97.908 83.998 63.832 55.889 45.719 35.471 23.0531 From the screening results we can see that, materials of 0～3mm contain too much powder of less than 0.075mm, so it is hard to formulate the required gradation (sieve pore passing percentage of powder of 0.15mm and 0.075mm is too large, while that of 1.18mm and 0.6mm is too small), thus limestone is temporarily chosen to substitute andesite, and small amount of natural sand is mixed in to improve the passing percentage of middle sieve pore, the screening results and preliminary mix ratio of each hot material silo, natural sand and cement during the mix production is shown in table 4.
China journal of highway and transport, 2005(1)

Klimpel2,e 1 Department of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, ul.Konarskiego 18A, Poland 2 Department of Welding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, ul.
Introduction One of this treatments could be laser surface treatment, which allows modify the properties of the surface of the material without modifying the core of it.
There is an opinion that laser manufacturing techniques belong to the most promising and efficient ones, for ensuring the development in many industry branches, and especially those in which materials processing dominates.
Etching time was selected experimentally for each investigated material's surface layer form.
Barnes et al.: Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139, 2003, p. 585-588. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Feα (200) Feα (211) Reflaction angle [2Θ] Feα (110) Intensity [imp/s] 0 50 100 150 200 25035 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Reflaction angle [2Θ] Intensity [imp/s] WC (001) WC (100) WC (110) Fe3C (211) WC (101) W (200) Fe (110) Fe (200) W (211) Fe (211)

Depending on the wavelength of the heating laser pulse, the optical properties of materials in thin films are generally temperature dependent.
Thermal and optical properties are assumed as functions of temperature and the materials are considered isotropic.
Thermophysical and optical properties of the employed materials are reported in tables 3 and 4.
Manca: ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 122 (2000), pp. 113
Ricci, $umerical Model for Back Treatment of Multilayer Thin Films Irradiated by a Moving Laser Source, Proc of the International Congress in Materials Science and Engineering, Iasi, Romania (2009) [12] D.

Methods and Materials In-situ Stress.
The reinforced concrete liner type in phase2 was designed to be used as an elastic support material.
Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 21.12, pp 4101-4119
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences, Proceedings of the ISRM SINOROCK 2004 Symposium, edited by J.A.
Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 21.11, pp 4247-4272

Values of Young's moduli of different materials.
Specific elastic moduli of construction materials /1,3/.
Jones, Engineering Materials 2, Int.
Series on Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 39, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1986. 4.
Uunonen, Master of Science Thesis, Institute of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, 1996. 25.

For these materials inter-granular cracking is dominant.
However under corrosive condition, even for ductile materials, quasi cleavage fracture surface can be observed [7].
ǩ is the acceleration factor of hydrogen. ǩ>1 means the hydrogen moves faster than the leading dislocation in the array (Brittle materials with high yield stress). ǩѩ 1 means that hydrogen moves almost equal to the leading dislocation in the array. ǩ<1 means that hydrogen moves slower than the leading dislocation in the array (Ductile materials with low yield stress).
This phenomenon occurs for ductile materials with larger yield stress.
Chambreuil and J.P.Chateau, International Journal of Fracture., 79(1995) p.147 8.J.Watanabe, T.Iwadate, Y.Tanaka and T.Yokobori, Engng.

Introduction Neutron diffraction peak profile analysis is a powerful tool for characterization of macro- and microstructural parameters in the study of crystalline materials due to the deep penetration depth of thermal neutrons.
The real structure of plastically deformed crystalline materials has been described using the various methods for the interpretation of broadened diffraction lines.
The Gaussian function is used for characterization of microstrain in crystalline materials whereas the size contribution is related to the Lorentzian function [8,9].
Neov: Journal of Neutron Research, 9 (2001) 79-86
Mikula: Journal of Neutron Research, 9 (2001) 415-421

Table 1The material parameters of wood Wood Density kg/m3 Bending modulus of elasticity×105Pa Poisson's ratio Old wood 410 83073 0.25 Table 2 Adjustment factor consider the long-term effects and loads of wood aging wood of ancient architecture[15] Building construction time ago (years) Adjustment factor Compressive strength parallel to grain design Bending strength parallel to grain shear design Compressive strength parallel to grain design 100 0.95 0.90 0.95 300 0.85 0.80 0.85 >500 0.75 0.70 0.75 Fig. 1 Three-dimensional beam element Beam4 Fig. 2 The tenon connection virtual unit Combin14 Semi-rigid beam-column connection tenon with Combin14 simulation unit, the unit can be applied to simulate one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional space in the vertical or torsional spring - damper effect.
J. of Xi'an University of Architecture University (Natural Science), Vol.6(2008), p.835 - 840
Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.1(2000), p.32-35.