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However, excessive accumulation of plastic deformation will cause deformation and damage of the road structure and to reduce the factor of safety and road performance.
Laboratory Evaluation of Rutting in Base Course Materials", Proceedings 3rd International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan,pp.161-174。
Journal of Transportation Engineering,ASCE,126（1）,2000：66-75。
Journal of Transportation Engineering，ASCE，1986，112(l):29-45
[9] Chongqing Traffic University, high-grade road asphalt flexible base study [R] 2006

More than 90% of bearing capacity of bored pile is determined by τ, the safety and economy of the bridge are influenced by it also [5].
The actual bearing capacity of the design pile need 1945 t and the design safety factor take 1.6 times as stipulated in the specification, so the allowable design bearing capacity is 3112 t.
Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironment engineering, 2001:1-15
Dynamic and static load testing of model piles driven into dense sand.Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironment engineering, 1999(11):988-998
Hanna, RAsce; And Ali Sharif .Drag Force On Single Piles In Clay Subjected To Surcharge Loading .International Journal Of Geomechanics, 2006(3): 89-96

The existence of damage in steel box girder bridges may shorten the service life of bridge and impact the traffic safety, even threaten lives and assets.
Therefore, it has an important significance on researching on damage identification of steel box girder bridges for preventing structural safety accidents.
Sinou: European Journal of Mechanics A-Solid Vol.28 (2009), p. 75-85 [3] E.
Trouchidis: International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol.40 (2003), p. 3557-3569 [4] A.
Cremona: Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol.292 (2006), p. 179-202 [5] Youliang Ding, Aiqun Li and Changqing Miao: Engineering Mechanics Vol. 24 (2007), p. 99-103 [6] Yan Deng, Puchiang Yan: Journal of Tsinghua University Vol.40 (2000), p. 123-127 [7] Deqing Guan, Wei Pan: Journal of Transport Science and Engineering Vol. 25 (2009), p. 35-39 [8] Deqing Guan, Hongwei Ying and Xiaolin Zhong: Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 71-78 (2011), p. 4078-4081

Kemeny: International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences Vol. 42(2005), p. 35–46 [2] C.A.
Tang: International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science Vol. 34(1997), p. 249–261 [3] J.
Sun: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Vol. 26(2007), p. 1081-1106 (in Chinese) [4] TAN Tjongkie: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Vol. 1(1982), p. 1–8 (in Chinese) [5] J.F.
Zhai: Progress in Mining Science and Safety Technology, Pts A and B, In: International Symposium on Mining Science and Safety Technology (2007), p. 373-378 [7] M.F.
Zhou: Journal of Southwest Jiaoyong University Vol. 3(1993), p. 15-20 (in Chinese)

Simulation Analysis and Test of Trafficability on Forest Patrolling and Fire-fighting Vehicle BA Xingqiang1, a, HE Yongming1, b and ZHU Baoquan1, c 1 Northeast Forestry Uniersity, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China a bxq1218@sina.com, bhymjob@163.com, czbq @nefu.edu.cn Keywords: Forest cruiser; Traffic ability; Simulation; Tests Abstract.
Forest safety and the application of virtual prototyping technology were investigated.
[3] TAEH YUN S, PRADHEEP C V: International Journal of Vehicle Design Vol.43(2007) No.124, p.2582280 [4] Hussain K, Stein W, Da Y A J: Professional Engineering Publishing Vol.219(2005) No.4, p.357-369 [5] SEON GHO K, PARVIZ E N, GWAN GHUN G: Vehicle System Dynamics Vol.46 (2008) No.10, p.913-930

Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2008, 25(2): 127–131. ( in Chinese) [5] Anye Cao,Jun Fan, Zonglong Mu, et al.
International Journal of Impact Engineering，2011, 38(1):13-28 [8] Jang W Y, Kyriakides S.
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2009, 46(3-4):617-634
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2009, 46(3-4): 635-650
[14] Qiyong Wei,Libo Cao,Chongzhen Cui,et al.The optimization of crashworthiness for energy absorbing step-by-step thin-walled structure[C]// The 5th Int Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety (INFATS) .

It provides a framework for identification of critical infrastructure elements as follows: “Disruption or destruction of civil engineering building, service in the interest of public and information system in the sector, having potentially serious adverse consequences or the conduct of economic and social functions of the Country, and thereby the impact on the quality of life, protection of life, health, safety, property and environment according the sector criteria and cross-cutting criteria.” [1] EU defines critical infrastructure: „Critical infrastructures consist of those physical and information technology facilities, networks, services and assets which, if disrupted or destroyed, would have a serious impact on the health, safety, security or economic well-being of citizens or the effective functioning of governments in the member states.
Step 2 quantifies risk – consequences; they are transferred into costs because of incorporation of detours to split traffic into others links.
This software used to be applied on simulation of road traffic.
The approach explained in the paper is based on the approaches form PTV VISION software which is primary focused on simulation of traffic on a transport network.
In.: MEST Journal, Beograd, (2013), p.1-7

Journal of Construction Engineering and Management U.S.,2001,(1):82-86
Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2006,23（3）：139-142
Safety Fuzzy Evaluation of Building Sites[J].
Industrial Engineering Journal, 2003（11）：49-53
Proceeding of The second international conference on modelling and simulation, 2009:329-332

On the other hand, in our country the traffic density of each river channel is ever increasing, and ships are in large-scale and rapid development stage.
The overview of ship-bridge collision accidents in China in recent years The information of the ship-bridge collision accidents in China since 2007 are collected by searching the Internet (including the websites of the Ministry of Transportation, the Safety Supervision Bureau, the Xinhua, etc.), media reports, academic journals, etc.
Due to flood, they were out of control and violently hit the newly constructed Sanlifan Bridge at quick speed, so that the bridge was damaged and traffic was blocked, but fortunately causing no casualties.
Drivers should review their lack of safety awareness and responsibility.
High sense of responsibility and high safety awareness are the last line of defines to protect the ship safety of navigation [9].

The traffic loads were also modelled through the surface square loads on the wheel contact area (400x400 mm or 1200x150 mm) - load models LM1, LM2 and LM3 900/150 were modelled.
Repairs will be possible to perform on the objects without restrictions since there is no traffic on them and they will be used on the new road only after the reconstruction.
Structural Engineering International, 23(4), (2013) 411-417
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2016 (2016) 1188-1195
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 513 (2020) 167134