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So, artificial life could be seen as the science of emergent properties and the emergent property or structure which appears in a network of interacting elements, with no global controller responsible for the behavior or organization of these elements.
Artificial life has emerged from the interaction of biology and computer science and benefited from the important contribution in physics, mathematics, cognitive sciences and philosophy.
Artificial life is rapidly developing and has already been utilized in evolutionary computing in machine perception [7], computer cognitive animation [8], optimization system problem [9], optimum design of short journal bearings and digital image processing, and so on.
Alex, “A cooperative control model for multiagent-based material handling systems,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 26, Jan. 2009, pp. 233-247, doi:10.1016/ j.eswa.2007.09.025

Introduction Job shop is a kind of manufacturing system with general-use machine tools for producing multiple variety products, which is composed of various machine groups by grouping the machine tools with identical or similar material processing function such as turning machine group, milling machine group [1].
Acknowledgment This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50775228) and National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs of China (Grant No. 2006BAF02A03).
Ruxin in: Advanced Manufacturing System and Management Operation, edited by Committee of National Nature Science Foundation of China, chapter, 15, Science Press, Beijing (2006)
Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management.

The purpose of Highway maintenance quality evaluation is to determine whether the goal of maintenance is requirement or not, maintenance is reasonable or not, thus finding out the cause of the evaluation is success or failure through the analysis, and for further maintenance decision recommendation through the effective information feedback, so as to improve the quality of maintenance purposes[4-7]. current highway maintenance in the technical specification of the evaluation index of road conditions from different sides of the comprehensive reflect the pavement status, but to grasp the evaluation index need to invest more manpower and material resources, which for grade lower rural highway for it is not realistic.
Acknowledgments The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund of china (30901134), Plan Projects of Hunan Province (2011NK3033),and Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Central South University of Forestry &Technology(2009010A; QJ2010016B).
Beijing: science press, 2004
Journal of Chongqing Jiao tong university, 2009, 28 (3):600-603
Highway traffic science and technology, 2006, 23 (4):1-6

The Effect of Tartrazine in Voltammetric Determination of Rhodamin B with Molecularly Imprinted Poly(3-Aminophenol) Modified Carbon Electrode Indra Noviandri1,a*, Ajeng Raminas1,b 1Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia ainnov@chem.itb.ac.id*, bajeng.raminas@gmail.com Keywords: voltammetry, rhodamin B, poly(3-aminophenol), tartrazine Abstract.
[4] Chiye Tatebe, Xining Zhong, Takashi Ohtsuki, Hiroki Kubota, Kyoko Sato, and Hiroshi Akiyama, A Simple and Rapid Chromatographic Method to Determine Unauthorized Basic Colorants (Rhodamine B, Auramine O, and Pararosaniline) in Processed Foods, Food Science & Nutrition 2 (2014) 547-556
Reject Paul, Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Rhodamine B Extracted from Different Food Items using Visible Spectrophotometry, Malaysian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 3 (2012) 36-40
[16] Mohammad Ali Karimi, Vida Haji Aghaei, Azizollah Nezhadali, and Narges Ajami, Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a New Sensitive Material for Electrochemical Determination of Trace Amounts of Tartrazine in Food Samples, Food Anal.

Bourdette: Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol. 2 (1995), p. 30
Pigeon: Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol. 5 (1997), p. 86
Bentz: Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol. 6 (1997), p. 99
Bentz: Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol. 2 (1995), p. 169
Zheng: Journal of Jishou University, Vol. 55 (2003), p. 27.

Some researchers [37-38] through studying on the new ventilation unit of the phase change material, have found that the phase change material,whose physical properties changing with temperature, can make the façade cavity absorb waste heat during the day while not cause overheating and it can be used as a pre-cooling and cold storage device during the night, providing a high energy saving efficiency.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (13A001), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (12JJ4042, 13JJ6065), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAJ03B07), the Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province (2012WK3040) and Natural Science research Program of Hunan University of Technology (2011HZX20, 2012HZX19).
Study on ventilation in double-skin facades by numerical simulation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2005,39(1):46-50 [22] Teshome Edae Jiru, Tao Yong-X,Fariborz Haghighat.
Energy and Buildings,2011,43:3419-3429 [25] Xiufeng Liao.The thermal performance analysis and optimization of energy-saving breathing type double ventilation skin facade[J].New Building Materials,2013,4:83-87 [26] Wong P.C, Prasad D, Behnia M.
Study on thermal performance of double-skin façade with outer circular[J].Building Science,2010,26(4)75-80 [33] Huaqiu Yang, Yang Ma.

References [1] Eringen, A.C., A unified theory of thermomechanical materials, Int.
Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2007), pp. 105-116
De Angelis, Multifield potentials and derivation of extremum principles in rate plasticity, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 539-543 (2007), pp. 2625-2630
De Angelis, Evolutive laws and constitutive relations in nonlocal viscoplasticity, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 152-154 (2012), pp. 990-996
Cancellara, Implications due to different loading programs in inelastic materials, Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 422 (2012), 726-733.

Schmidt-Mende: Advanced Materials Vol. 19 (2007), p. 3187-3200
Zaban: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 71 (2002), p. 141-152
Wang, et al.: Nature Materials Vol. 2 (2003), p. 402-407
Bai, et al.: Nature Materials Vol. 7 (2008), p. 626-630
Zhang, et al.: Advanced Functional Materials Vol. 18 (2008), p. 341-346

It has the advantages of clear force transmission, good integration, flexibility of space separation, as well as reducing of the quantity of material used, full use of the function of the material and structure, and lowering the project cost.
The characteristic parameter of restoring force model is average value of the material strength, which can reflect the real structure condition in practice.
Reference: [1] Lan Zongjian, Yang Dongshen, Zhang Ming, Study on seismic response of reinforced concrete mega-frame structures, Journal of Southeast University, 2002, 32(5)，p.724-727
[5] Ding Yongjun, The application of DRAIN-2D calculation program on elastic and plastic deformation analysis of high rise structure, Journal of building structures, 1994, (12) , p.18-22
[6] Yang Fu, Li Yingming, Lai Ming, A new method for selecting inputting waves for time-history analysis, China civil engineering journal, 2000, 33(6) , p.33-37

(a) Side View (b)Vertical View Fig. 2 FEM model Table 1 Material parameters Elastic Modulus（Pa） Yield Stress（Pa） Density（kg/m3） Poisson ratio Harden Parameter Failure Strain 3.25e10 4.8e6 2500 0.25 0 0.025 Due to the bridge pier is failure in order to eliminate in the process of explosion, and do not need to consider its internal force, the existence of different times can be thought of only playing a supporting role, so the determination by elastic material without considering the plastic process, only in a fixed period of time will eliminate it.
Since this article main focus on the response of the ground when the bridge collapsing, in order to improve the computation efficiency and ensure the reliability of data, the road, clay layer adopt elastic-plastic material in model.
Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(13): 133-136.
Changsha University of Science & Technology, 2004.