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Online since: October 2008
Authors: Jian Ping Gao, Wei Chen
Introduction
According to relevant statistical data, by the end of 1985, the area of urban houses had reached 4.6
billion square meters.
Valuable papers are few concerning adding-storey, especially first-hand test data.
Due to lack of experimental and earthquake disaster data, whether the loading state of the whole building is in agreement with the calculation model or not is difficult to be validated.
Test Investigation of Seismic Reduction Using Additional Stories As a TMD And its Application.
Coordination Vibration Reduction Structure of Infilled Frames Storey Adding Building.
Valuable papers are few concerning adding-storey, especially first-hand test data.
Due to lack of experimental and earthquake disaster data, whether the loading state of the whole building is in agreement with the calculation model or not is difficult to be validated.
Test Investigation of Seismic Reduction Using Additional Stories As a TMD And its Application.
Coordination Vibration Reduction Structure of Infilled Frames Storey Adding Building.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Chien Chon Chen, Yen Po Wang
However, when CO2 via TiO2 photocatalytic reduction process that CO2 is relatively more manageable and the specificity for the formation of CH4, CO, CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, etc [7].
Slamet also point out that copper ion (Cu2+) supported on TiO2 have more significant contribution to improve the CO2 photocatalytic reduction activity [9].
Based on the thermodynamic data [11, 12] of table 1 the equilibrium temperature between CaO nad Ca2O3 is 894℃ (figure 2) which mean when temperature is higher than 894℃ the Ca2O3 can decompose to CaO. on the contrary, when temperature is lower than 894℃ the CaO can absorb CO2 to form CaCO3.
Data, USA (1985) [15] I.
Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, Germany, (1989)
Slamet also point out that copper ion (Cu2+) supported on TiO2 have more significant contribution to improve the CO2 photocatalytic reduction activity [9].
Based on the thermodynamic data [11, 12] of table 1 the equilibrium temperature between CaO nad Ca2O3 is 894℃ (figure 2) which mean when temperature is higher than 894℃ the Ca2O3 can decompose to CaO. on the contrary, when temperature is lower than 894℃ the CaO can absorb CO2 to form CaCO3.
Data, USA (1985) [15] I.
Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, Germany, (1989)
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Feng Yun Wang, Bing Hua Chen, Jin Ru Fan
Data and the model analysis
This paper analyzes the relationship between the economic growth and energy consumption in Beijing by using econometric method from 1980 to 2012.
The original data comes from previous Beijing Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook.
On the one hand, Logarithmic processing of data accords with the statistical and economic signification.
It is possible to realize the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction and keep economic growth steady by the industrial structure adjustment and technology progress.
(In Chinese) [5] Wen Tian, Yinhui Zhao, Zhongfu Tan, Yihang Song and Chen Zhan: Optimizing Energy Consumption Distribution in Beijing under the Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Targets, China Energy, Vol.34, No.9 (2012.9).
The original data comes from previous Beijing Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook.
On the one hand, Logarithmic processing of data accords with the statistical and economic signification.
It is possible to realize the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction and keep economic growth steady by the industrial structure adjustment and technology progress.
(In Chinese) [5] Wen Tian, Yinhui Zhao, Zhongfu Tan, Yihang Song and Chen Zhan: Optimizing Energy Consumption Distribution in Beijing under the Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Targets, China Energy, Vol.34, No.9 (2012.9).
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Lin Yang, Yu Kun Xu, Zhuang De Jiang, Xing Yuan Long, Shuming Yang
The complex components, large volume, low speed of dynamic response, elastic deformation between the mechanical transmission chain and the backlash make too much reduction of the servo rigidity to meet requirements of the modern upscale CNC machine tools.
Insufficient motor torque can also cause slow response during the starting process and reduction of stability during the operation process [5].
Furthermore, the corresponding data provided by the manufacturer should be considered in the process of calculating the sliding friction torque. 2.2 Load cycle Other than the friction torque, the load cycle also plays a very important role when selecting the appropriate torque motor.
Load cycle contains information about the motion process data of the drive shaft as well as the relevant moment data in processing.
As long as there is no restrictive requirement such as angular acceleration or angular velocity, proper running curve can be described by an accelerated process and a subsequent reduction process (see Fig.3).
Insufficient motor torque can also cause slow response during the starting process and reduction of stability during the operation process [5].
Furthermore, the corresponding data provided by the manufacturer should be considered in the process of calculating the sliding friction torque. 2.2 Load cycle Other than the friction torque, the load cycle also plays a very important role when selecting the appropriate torque motor.
Load cycle contains information about the motion process data of the drive shaft as well as the relevant moment data in processing.
As long as there is no restrictive requirement such as angular acceleration or angular velocity, proper running curve can be described by an accelerated process and a subsequent reduction process (see Fig.3).
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Shao Lan Yang, Bo Wang
Passengers will benefit from reduction in delays and fewer missed connections.
Both these messages are transmitted in standard ADEXP (EUROCONTROL Specification for ATS Data Exchange Presentation) format.
At Munich the ATFM delay has decreased compared with flights to non-CDM airports since the data exchange with the CFMU started.
Fig 1 Munich airport CDM, integrated in the Departure Coordinating System of DFS TWR Application of the CDM concept in Ukraine It is well known that all over the globe the number of flights grows annually, it is considered that an overall number of flights in Ukraine will grow from 429 0000 in 2010 to 702 000 in 2017 (data is obtained from EUROCONTROL STATFOR Interactive Dashboard).
Initial results from these trials have already identified an improvement in stand and gate allocation, resource management, and slot adherence which can lead to a reduction in costs, delays and passenger complaints on displayed flight information.
Both these messages are transmitted in standard ADEXP (EUROCONTROL Specification for ATS Data Exchange Presentation) format.
At Munich the ATFM delay has decreased compared with flights to non-CDM airports since the data exchange with the CFMU started.
Fig 1 Munich airport CDM, integrated in the Departure Coordinating System of DFS TWR Application of the CDM concept in Ukraine It is well known that all over the globe the number of flights grows annually, it is considered that an overall number of flights in Ukraine will grow from 429 0000 in 2010 to 702 000 in 2017 (data is obtained from EUROCONTROL STATFOR Interactive Dashboard).
Initial results from these trials have already identified an improvement in stand and gate allocation, resource management, and slot adherence which can lead to a reduction in costs, delays and passenger complaints on displayed flight information.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Vladimir E. Ovcharenko, A.A. Mokhovikov, A.S. Ignatiev
Experimental data on studying structural-phase states developed in the subsurface of TiC/Ni-Cr-Al alloy cermet under condition of superfast heating and cooling produced by pulse electron beam melting have been presented in this paper.
New approach to developing durable metal cutting cermet tools provides for developing extra structural levels in the subsurface of a cermet in the form of submicro- and nano size components, which serve to redistribute elastic stress both due to elastic stress field interaction exerted by structural components of different levels and reduction of plastic strain localization level [3].
It has been shown by the example of TiC-(Ni-Cr) cermet that structural-phase state modification of its binder resulted in multiple reduction of friction coefficient and wear resistance [4].
Also the restructuring of the carbide component to the nanosize level contributes to reduction of friction coefficient to the values minimal for the temperature interval under consideration.
The data in Fig.8b consistently represent the influence of extra structural levels generated in the subsurface of the cermet by electron beam melting on its resistance to diamond tool cutting which is increased for all temperatures with the number of structural levels up to its maximum for nanosize restructuring of the carbide component.
New approach to developing durable metal cutting cermet tools provides for developing extra structural levels in the subsurface of a cermet in the form of submicro- and nano size components, which serve to redistribute elastic stress both due to elastic stress field interaction exerted by structural components of different levels and reduction of plastic strain localization level [3].
It has been shown by the example of TiC-(Ni-Cr) cermet that structural-phase state modification of its binder resulted in multiple reduction of friction coefficient and wear resistance [4].
Also the restructuring of the carbide component to the nanosize level contributes to reduction of friction coefficient to the values minimal for the temperature interval under consideration.
The data in Fig.8b consistently represent the influence of extra structural levels generated in the subsurface of the cermet by electron beam melting on its resistance to diamond tool cutting which is increased for all temperatures with the number of structural levels up to its maximum for nanosize restructuring of the carbide component.
Online since: May 2005
Authors: Massimo Tolazzi, M. Meiler, Marion Merklein
This usually
implies, in case of conventional lubricant, a friction reduction due to a better storing of the lubricant
[7].
This data will be important in order to obtain information about which kind of surface treatment is more suitable in the deep drawing process when using Drylube E1.
For the galvanised steels there is not such an influence of the surface parameters which can be correlated to this reduction of lubricant amount.
In this work the effects of the reduction of the lubricant amount of Drylube E1 on different steel sheets were investigated in a cup drawing test.
A reduction of lubricant amount from 1.0 down to 0.5 g/m² causes only a slightly reduction of the process window or a small increase in the drawing force.
This data will be important in order to obtain information about which kind of surface treatment is more suitable in the deep drawing process when using Drylube E1.
For the galvanised steels there is not such an influence of the surface parameters which can be correlated to this reduction of lubricant amount.
In this work the effects of the reduction of the lubricant amount of Drylube E1 on different steel sheets were investigated in a cup drawing test.
A reduction of lubricant amount from 1.0 down to 0.5 g/m² causes only a slightly reduction of the process window or a small increase in the drawing force.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Eiji Yamasue, Hideyuki Okumura, Daisuke Shiba, Keiichi N. Ishihara
Since in general the CS reduction is rather fast at the beginning of MC process, as indicated by “no PCA”, the first drop for the former could be just pulverization of powder as usual.
Hexane could then provide more effective CS reduction compared with methanol.
And, according to the data of “no PCA” and of unbranched alkanes milled longer than 3h the steady state should exist in terms of the CS variation.
The ethylene glycol results are consistent with highly viscous ionic liquids, with or without oxygen, where the CS reduction and the CTN behavior are very similar.
Liessmann, et al., Data compilation of the Saechsische Olefinwerke Boehlen, Germany, 1995 [16] H.
Hexane could then provide more effective CS reduction compared with methanol.
And, according to the data of “no PCA” and of unbranched alkanes milled longer than 3h the steady state should exist in terms of the CS variation.
The ethylene glycol results are consistent with highly viscous ionic liquids, with or without oxygen, where the CS reduction and the CTN behavior are very similar.
Liessmann, et al., Data compilation of the Saechsische Olefinwerke Boehlen, Germany, 1995 [16] H.
Online since: September 2023
Authors: Vamsi Krishna Pasam, Gamidi Kartheek, Suryachandra Rankireddy, Lingaraju Dumpala
Cutting speed and amplitude were the most influencing factors in cutting force reduction.
Chip load and depth of cut were not effective on the cutting force reduction.
The reduction in cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness was observed in UVAT compared to CT.
Reduction in TWCR resulted in enhanced performance of UVAT process.
For measuring the cutting forces during machining process, a six component dynamometer (Make: Kistler automation Ltd; model 9257B) equipped with data acquisition system with charge amplifier (Type:5070A) was used.
Chip load and depth of cut were not effective on the cutting force reduction.
The reduction in cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness was observed in UVAT compared to CT.
Reduction in TWCR resulted in enhanced performance of UVAT process.
For measuring the cutting forces during machining process, a six component dynamometer (Make: Kistler automation Ltd; model 9257B) equipped with data acquisition system with charge amplifier (Type:5070A) was used.
Online since: July 2007
Authors: Andrea Ghiotti, Stefania Bruschi, Paolo F. Bariani
Furthermore, in order to localize the deformation in the central zone, different shapes were
investigated, together with the reduction of the sheet thickness in the central part of the specimen.
The optimized specimen has a cruciform shape, without any lateral slot in the arms and a reduction of thickness of 50% in the central area of the specimen.
Also a double reduction of thickness in the central area (tested in (b) of Fig.1) determines a non homogeneous plastic deformation of the specimen at elevated temperature.
During the deformation process, the 3D-coordinates of the surface of the specimen are monitored and afterwards the acquired data are elaborated to compute the displacement vectors, the local strain values as well as the differences between the contour of the undeformed and the deformed specimen.
Chastel: Hot Stamping of Quenchable Steels: Material Data and process Simulations, IDDRG 2003 Conference, Proceedings (2003), pp. 166-164, 2003
The optimized specimen has a cruciform shape, without any lateral slot in the arms and a reduction of thickness of 50% in the central area of the specimen.
Also a double reduction of thickness in the central area (tested in (b) of Fig.1) determines a non homogeneous plastic deformation of the specimen at elevated temperature.
During the deformation process, the 3D-coordinates of the surface of the specimen are monitored and afterwards the acquired data are elaborated to compute the displacement vectors, the local strain values as well as the differences between the contour of the undeformed and the deformed specimen.
Chastel: Hot Stamping of Quenchable Steels: Material Data and process Simulations, IDDRG 2003 Conference, Proceedings (2003), pp. 166-164, 2003