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In this study, the stable AgNPs capped with poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) or PSSMA were successfully synthesized by using a chemical reduction method.
AgNPs (3.33 mM or 360 ppm Ag atom) were synthesized using a chemical reduction method.
From the results, it could be seen that PSSMA-AgNPs were more stable than PSSMA-free AgNPs in which the latter had lower particle surface charges and caused some aggregation as observed in TEM result (data not shown).
Guobiene, Analysis of silver nanoparticles produced by chemical reduction of silver salt solution, Mater.

Three kinds of in-situ growth TaC whiskers toughening Al2O3 matrix ceramic cutting tool materials were prepared by two steps, which were in-situ synthesis of TaC whiskers in Al2O3 matrix powder by carbothermal reduction process and hot pressing of the composites respectively.
The XRD peaks were identified by matching to the JCPDS-ICDD data cards.
It was seen from Fig. 2 that TaC was successfully synthesized in the Al2O3 matrix by the carbothermal reduction process: Ta2O5(s) + 7C(s) → 2TaC(s) + 5CO(g) (2) Except for TaC and Al2O3, no other phases were detected, indicating that a full conversion of reagents into products was achieved.
The TaC whiskers with a diameter of 0.1-0.5μm and an aspect ratio of 10-30 were in-situ synthesized in the Al2O3 matrix powder by the carbothermal reduction process.

The reduction of the threshold voltage is taken as an indicator for the amount of released charges after each photon irradiation.
After each light exposure another transfer characteristic is measured to determine the reduction of trapped charges at the interface.
(III) In the data analysis we investigate the difference in the threshold voltage (defined as the gate voltage needed to reach a drain current of 5 pA) as a function of the photon energy.
When VG ≈0 V, the reduction of band bending at the interface shifts the trap levels above the Fermi level EF and by that enables trapped electrons to emit into the conduction band of 4H-SiC (see Fig. 1(b)).

The power industry plays an important role in either energy consumption or gaseous pollutants emission, which is an important field of energy reduction and building a low-carbon economy in China.
The government should consider study and establish a long-term mechanism of energy conservation, strengthen the legal system, guarantee the completion of targets of energy-saving emission reduction by legal and market mechanisms.
At present, monitoring technology of energy saving of electric power industry is not standardized, and monitoring capacity is short, data of energy saving and emission reduction relies mainly on self-declaration of enterprises, which influences timeliness and accuracy of statistical information to a certain extent, thereby affects correct decision-making and scientific management on energy saving.
Parts of power generation companies lack awareness of energy saving and emission reduction, energy saving and emission reduction is carried out mainly forced by the government executive order for now, rather than voluntarily.
It also makes clear in "The‘12th Five-Year’ comprehensive implementation of energy reduction in Shandong Province " on specific emission reduction targets of transformation of denitrification facilities, shutting down small thermal power.

It causes reduction in daylight intensity and direct sunlight in affected living spaces.
At this amount of shading, heat gain reduction from passive solar gains compared to current situation is about to 10%.
Reduction is about 20 - 35% depending on window orientation.
The data cannot be generalized because the results are dependent on particular geometry and dimensions of affected rooms and window optical quality.
The shading reduction would positively affect direct illumination in terms of the active or passive use of collector areas.

United States is one of best countries in demand response application, whose peak reduction from 22,901 MW in 2000 to 32,845 MW in 2010, increased by 42%[5].
Reference [6] predicted that if the United States implemented the demand response programs widely, the reduction in peak demand was equal to the nation's electricity demand growth in the next 10 years.
Assumes that the assessment reliability of demand response has done, and we can understand the reliability level of specific users, and determine the level of load reduction if some kind of demand response programs happens.
Demand Response is better way in load shifting, such as the U.S. peak reduction in 2010 reached 32,845 MW[5], so demand response can be replaced the orderly power consumption partly.
Through the study on the response potential and response time in different load, the evaluation system on reliability of demand response can be established to determine the accurate data standing for the reliability level of load response.

According to the diffraction peaks and literature data [10], it is believed that the single-phase of La2MnNiO6 has been formed in the pure sample.
The peaks at 578 oC can attributed to the further reduction of nickel from a Ni2+ to a Ni0 oxidation state with the destruction of the perovskite structure.
The complete reduction of LaMnO3 reported by Fierro [14] occurs between 900 and 1052 oC with the formation of the following reduction products, La2O3, La (OH)3, MnO and H2O.
Three reduction peaks were decreased to 296 oC, 348 oC and 690 oC for La2MnNiO6/ZrO2, respectively.
The decrease of reduction temperatures indicated that the interaction between La2MnNiO6 and supports made B-O bond more activity and easily reduce [17].The formation of solid solution could promote the reduction of the active phase [18].

Data evaluation was carried out with the Channel5 software package from HKL Technology A/S.
After noise reduction the area fractions of unindexed (white) regions (Figs. 1c and 1d) were very low, i.e. from 1 to few percent.
White regions (a-d) were not indexed after noise reduction.
Full noise reduction is shown in e and f.
This result is consistent with a reduction of the stacking fault energy by dissolution of Co in Ni [8].

The potential difference recorded during OCPT are fed into the computer software with input data such as density, solution type and duration.
Authors Contributions The idea for the article was by all authors, Shashikala A, conducted experimental work and data collection.
Muniraju M & Pakkirappa H, supervised the research work and guided the mode of work, analysing the data.
Prakash S Dabeer and Shadakshari R supported for testing, data analysing and writing.
We together experimented; data analyzed and drafted the work.

Finally, the data show that the deformation characteristics of the materials here studied do not exert a measurable influence on the shear strain magnitude and distribution. 1.
For instance, Nakashima et al analyzed the effect of Φ on the grain size reduction efficiency and found that an angle of 90o associated with sample rotation between passes (Route Bc) gave the best results [4].
Quantitative data on γ was obtained as shown and measurement accuracy is estimated to be 0 o 30`.
As a consequence: the local strain decreases and the strain field becomes more heterogeneous, as shown by the experimental and the simulated data.
This reduction of pressing loads is important when dealing with high strength materials, such as steel and Ti alloys.