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Considering the targeted lifetime of systems using this technology (> 60kh), long-term testing is required to certify material properties throughout the life cycle.
In this work, the effect of pressure (1 to 4 bar) at various operating temperatures (750 to 850°C) on the oxidation kinetics and electrical properties of AISI 441 steel was investigated.
While oxide growth was affected by pressure at all test temperatures, electrical properties showed significant changes only at 850°C.
Considering the targeted lifetime of SOFC systems (> 60kh), long-term testing is required to certify the material properties throughout the operating lifetime [4].
This suggests an accelerating effect on the evolution of the electrical properties promoted by pressure.

Based on the studies, the performance of RCA concrete is largely attributed to two key factors: properties of RCA and concrete mix design.
Properties of RCA.
However, the increase in cement content can affect the properties of the hardened concrete such as shrinkage [8,9].
The loss of slump is attributed to many factors such as evaporation of mixing water, condition of aggregates, hydration process as well as climate.
AbouRizk, The properties of recycled concrete – Factors affecting strength and workability, Concrete International, 19-7 (July 1997) 56-60

Set the element types, model sizes, material properties as the random input variables for finite element analysis.
Structural Reliability Analysis Extract the factors which affect the internal stresses and displacements out as random input variables in the central wing working process; the types of the variable distribution are determined depending on actual working conditions.
Condition factor Analysis of the Central Wing Establish the model [7, 8].
The aerodynamic loads, materials design sizes and other properties of the material are set to Gaussian distribution under simulated conditions. σs Table 1.
We can get the factors affected the maximum stress SMAX.

Characterization of Friction Modified Processing – a Novel Tool for Enhancing Surface Properties in Cast Aluminium Alloys Marek Stanisław Węglowski1, a, Adam Pietras1,b, Stanisław Dymek2,c and Carter Hamilton4,d 1Department of the Testing of Materials Weldability and Welded Construction, Institute of Welding, Gliwice, Poland 2Department of Resistance Welding and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Welding, Gliwice, Poland 3Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland 4Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Oxford, Ohio, USA amarek.weglowski@is.gliwice.pl, badam.pietras@is.gliwice.pl, cgmdymek@cyfronet.pl, dhamiltbc@muohio.edu Keywords: Friction Modified Processing, aluminium alloys, modelling.
The evaluation of the traveling speed affecting the mass of the modified material was successfully approximated by linear functions.
However, the torque is not significantly affected by the change in the travelling speed.
However, it is likely that an increase in temperature (and thus a decrease in flow stress) as the rotational speed increases is an important factor that would cause easier material transportation at the shoulder region and thus makes the volume of the processed material smaller.
Submitted to Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2011)

The surface morphologies in the coatings affect the particles size and hardness property.
Alloying with Ni and Fe enhances the properties of Co coatings.
Systematic studies of pure Co (cobalt), binary (Co-Fe) and ternary (Co-Ni-Fe) coatings alloys relating to their mechanical properties with coating composition, particle size, morphology and the corresponding crystal structure were investigated in this research.
Characteristics and mechanical property.
Another important factor affecting the behavior of the microhardness of the coating may be attributed to the particle size effect.

The overall performance is relative to the electrical properties, electrical conductivity, particle size and shape of its electric conduction phase as well as its distribution characteristics in the concrete [3].
So besides the three factors in the formula, the conductive fiber’s shape, size, physical properties, the interaction between components and other factors closely related to the corresponding parameters should also be introduced to establish mathematical mechanism.
It can be found that when we excluded the physical property and interactions factors between conductive fibers, there was a big deviation between values in fact and in theory.
What’s more, mechanical properties improvement is very limited.
(3) The formula shown that the factors affecting the conductivity were as follows: the conductivity of conductive fibers, dosage, L/D ratio (Length/Diameter), distribution, pliancy and affinity.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method Study of Urban Pavement Ecological Physical Environment (UPEPE) Bo Wang1,2 Architectural and Civil Engineering School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R.C. 3610051 Energy Research School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R.C. 3610052 bo.wang@xmu.edu.cn Keywords: urban pavement, ecological physical environment, comprehensive evaluation Abstract: The premise that analyzing and studying the factors that affect urban pavement ecological physical environment (UPEPE), UPEPE impact factors are the thermal environment, sound environment, light environment, eco-energy saving design.
In this paper, according to the impact factors of the UPEPE and using the fuzzy mathematical theory on evaluating the UPEPE comprehensively can reflect the real situation more objectively and accurately.
Depending fuzzy mathematics, evaluation ecological and physical environmental quality of the urban pavement need to establish mechanical properties (U1) physical environmental (U2) Project impression (U3) strength (U11) Abrasive resistance (U12) skid resistance (U13) thermal radiation (U21) glare (U22) sound absorption (U23) Ecological effect (U24) visual image(U31) Artificial lighting quality indoor (U31) Ecological & physical Environment of urban pavement(U) Comfortable walking(U32) r (U32) hygienic factor(U33) n (U33) construction cost (U42) maintenance cost (U43) production cost (U41) E economic benefit analysis (U4) Figure1.
Urban pavement ecological & physical environmental quality factors hierarchy graph one or two fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.
(2) In this paper, according to the impact factors of the UPEPE and using the fuzzy mathematical theory on evaluating the UPEPE comprehensively can reflect the real situation more objectively and accurately.

The effects of processing parameters on the properties of the laser textured samples were investigated.
Laser surface cladding of alloys or ceramics on the surface of the workpiece can produce refined microstructures with unique mechanical properties by rapid solidification processing.
Mechanical Properties of the Dimples.
In the experiment, the magnitude and distribution of single pulse energy is the key factor to affect the surface roughness profile.
It shows the magnitude and distribution of single pulse energy is the key factor to affect the surface roughness profile.

Effect of Fiber Content and Fiber Orientation on the Tensile Strength in Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet Jin-Woo Kim 1,a and Dong-Gi Lee2,b 1 Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University Graduate School, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-Gu Gwangju, 501-759, Korea 2 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea a jinu763@chosun.ac.kr, b dglee@chosun.ac.kr (corresponding author) Keywords: Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic (GMT) Sheet, Fiber Content Ratio, Fiber Orientation Function, Fiber Orientation Angle Abstract.
Need the systematic study for the DB that can predict mechanical properties of composite material and fiber orientation distribution by the fiber content ratio was not constructed.
Therefore, this study investigated what affect the fiber content ratio and fiber orientation distribution have on the strength of composite sheet after making Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet by changing fiber orientation distribution with the fiber content ratio.
Fiber orientation can happen by material factor such as intervening power of each fiber according to fiber diameter, the length of fiber, and molding factor such as closing speed of mold, molding press and the temperature of mold.
The products press-molded are not uniform because of fiber orientation and shows anisotropy, so it has a lot of effects on the mechanical properties of molded products [1, 2].

Dry hard turning has become an alternative machining process to grinding due to its ability to increase material removal rate, reduce production costs, and enhance of material properties.
However, hard turning has several issues such as high temperatures at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces which are affecting negatively on the surface integrity of the machined parts.
This is due to their high strength and wear resistance properties.
Conventional cutting fluid plays an important factor in improving machinability.
Recent decades, dry cutting is becoming more and more popular due to several benefits such as increase material removal rate, reduce production costs, and enhance of material properties.