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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Zhe Du, Xin Ping Li, Yi Dong Ma
Effect of kernel moisture content to the result of bare hand threshing of corn ear interval
Li Xinping, Du Zhea and Ma Yidong
College of agricultural engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
aduzhe03@sina.com
Key words: corn seed, law, moisture content, bear threshing.
Materials and Methods Preparation of test samples.The test of hand-picked seed corn for Ning Yu 524 which has tend to be hard grain type and conical body and Xun Dan 20 which has dent corn and conical body, moisture content are 19.1% and 19.0%.
(a) Ning Yu 524 (b) Xun Dan 20 Figure 4 Ear on different threshings moisture ,at different intervals ear bear contact force diagram From figure 3,threshing moisture content of ear has a great influence on the contact force of threshing kernel.When the moisture content of ear is 19.0%,kernel properties is similar to the plastic material,the fruit stalk coarsening, enhance toughness, mechanical strength increase,longitudinal and lateral of corn kernels have close squeezing and form a strong support.So the reasons are increasing the threshing force.Moisture content chang the interaction between corn kernels in some extent,but for the fruit stalk strength index,the moisture content of threshing kernel should not be too large.When the moisture content of ear are 16.7% and 13.5%,the contact force needed appear is large,ear kernel arrange most closely,and the kernel is not similar to the brittle materials and plastic
material,arrangement between kernels, fruit stalk,toughness are in normal state.So this moisture content is the most suitable for threshing.When the moisture content of ear is 9.7%,kernel properties is similar to the brittle material,the fruit stalk become thin and brittle,mechanical strength decrease,corn cob and kernel are likely to generate the volume contraction,reduce the squeezing role between kernels until arising gap,so it is easy to loose kernel,the contact force needed of threshing corn kernel decrease and may mutation.And this moisture content is too low, extremely dry, for the storage of moisture content,and kernel in this moisture content not suitable for threshing.
References [1]Li Xinping,Gao Lianxing,Ma Fuli.Experimental research of seed corn on the threshing property[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(2):156—158.
Materials and Methods Preparation of test samples.The test of hand-picked seed corn for Ning Yu 524 which has tend to be hard grain type and conical body and Xun Dan 20 which has dent corn and conical body, moisture content are 19.1% and 19.0%.
(a) Ning Yu 524 (b) Xun Dan 20 Figure 4 Ear on different threshings moisture ,at different intervals ear bear contact force diagram From figure 3,threshing moisture content of ear has a great influence on the contact force of threshing kernel.When the moisture content of ear is 19.0%,kernel properties is similar to the plastic material,the fruit stalk coarsening, enhance toughness, mechanical strength increase,longitudinal and lateral of corn kernels have close squeezing and form a strong support.So the reasons are increasing the threshing force.Moisture content chang the interaction between corn kernels in some extent,but for the fruit stalk strength index,the moisture content of threshing kernel should not be too large.When the moisture content of ear are 16.7% and 13.5%,the contact force needed appear is large,ear kernel arrange most closely,and the kernel is not similar to the brittle materials and plastic
material,arrangement between kernels, fruit stalk,toughness are in normal state.So this moisture content is the most suitable for threshing.When the moisture content of ear is 9.7%,kernel properties is similar to the brittle material,the fruit stalk become thin and brittle,mechanical strength decrease,corn cob and kernel are likely to generate the volume contraction,reduce the squeezing role between kernels until arising gap,so it is easy to loose kernel,the contact force needed of threshing corn kernel decrease and may mutation.And this moisture content is too low, extremely dry, for the storage of moisture content,and kernel in this moisture content not suitable for threshing.
References [1]Li Xinping,Gao Lianxing,Ma Fuli.Experimental research of seed corn on the threshing property[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(2):156—158.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Jessa De Guzman, Keesha Dela Peña, Joy Ytac Dorothy, Terence Tumolva
On the other hand, those that adopt natural polymers as base material still make use of chemical crosslinking which uses organic solvents that are potentially toxic [7].
Methodology Materials.
Table 2 shows the parameters obtained from curve fitting the data into the Equations 2 and 3, which are both power law models for swellable, polymeric materials.
Kalhapure, et al., Hydrogels: a boon for increasing agricultural productivity in water-stressed environment, Current Science 111, 11 (2016) 1773-1779
Coupling of diffusion and relaxation, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 57, 2 (1989) 169–172
Methodology Materials.
Table 2 shows the parameters obtained from curve fitting the data into the Equations 2 and 3, which are both power law models for swellable, polymeric materials.
Kalhapure, et al., Hydrogels: a boon for increasing agricultural productivity in water-stressed environment, Current Science 111, 11 (2016) 1773-1779
Coupling of diffusion and relaxation, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 57, 2 (1989) 169–172
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Gui Yu Lin, Wei Wei Li
The carrying capacity of the jib is
mainly affected by its material.
The mechanical property of the material which is used to manufactured the tower jib is of discreteness, as a result, the static strength is of statistical feature[5] .
Usually, the mathematical expectation and standard deviation of the material sample tensile mechanical property can be identify through the relevant design information.
Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, (1999) [4] Liu Peiheng.
Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong Press, (1993) [6] Shang D G,Yao W X,Wang D J.A New Approach to the Determination of Fatigue Crack Initiation Size.International Journal of Fatigue,(1998),20.P.686-687 [7] Rao S S.
The mechanical property of the material which is used to manufactured the tower jib is of discreteness, as a result, the static strength is of statistical feature[5] .
Usually, the mathematical expectation and standard deviation of the material sample tensile mechanical property can be identify through the relevant design information.
Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, (1999) [4] Liu Peiheng.
Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong Press, (1993) [6] Shang D G,Yao W X,Wang D J.A New Approach to the Determination of Fatigue Crack Initiation Size.International Journal of Fatigue,(1998),20.P.686-687 [7] Rao S S.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Pavol Novák, Karel Frydrýšek, Martin Maťas
Analysis of Sealing Properties on a Bolted Joint Based on Probability
Karel FRYDRÝŠEK1,a,*, Martin MAŤAS1,b and Pavol NOVÁK2,c
1 Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
2 Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovak Republic
a karel.frydrysek@vsb.cz, b martin_matas@centrum.sk, c pavol.novak@fstroj.uniza.sk
*Corresponding author
Keywords: Hydrostatic pump, Bolted join, Sealing properties, Contact pressure, Torque, Friction, Finite Element Method, Probability.
Some factors that affect the sealing properties of the joint are the material of the gasket, the shape of the gasket and the clamped flanges but also the stiffness of the whole assembly.
Future Enhancements In the last several decades, the science and engineering community has progressively ventured outside of traditional boundaries in terms of materials, loads, configurations etc., for structural systems in mechanics.
By using this method another variable inputs could be taken into account, for instance applied loads (pressure applied to the cores of the unit), material properties of the gasket and of the other parts of the assembly as well etc.
Nishikawa, Analysis of Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of Pipe Flange Connections by Taking Account of Gasket Compression Characteristics at Elevated Temperature, JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 134, Issue 2, 2012, ISSN 0094-9930, DOI: 10.1115/1.4005388
Some factors that affect the sealing properties of the joint are the material of the gasket, the shape of the gasket and the clamped flanges but also the stiffness of the whole assembly.
Future Enhancements In the last several decades, the science and engineering community has progressively ventured outside of traditional boundaries in terms of materials, loads, configurations etc., for structural systems in mechanics.
By using this method another variable inputs could be taken into account, for instance applied loads (pressure applied to the cores of the unit), material properties of the gasket and of the other parts of the assembly as well etc.
Nishikawa, Analysis of Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of Pipe Flange Connections by Taking Account of Gasket Compression Characteristics at Elevated Temperature, JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 134, Issue 2, 2012, ISSN 0094-9930, DOI: 10.1115/1.4005388
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Wei Chen, Jin Kun Sun, Shuang Hua Huang, Ying Min Li
To classify and break these large quantity of high titanium heavy slag as coarse and fine aggregates to make concrete [2] is an important approach to apply high titanium heavy slag as construction material, which means great significance for dealing with the surplus slag at Pangang, saving natural resources, lowering costs and protecting the ecological environment of upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Experimental Program Choice of Concrete Materials Coarse aggregate.
Table 2 Actually tested value for material performance of steel bars Reinforcement Type Reinforcement Grade (N/mm2) Yield strength (N/mm2) Ultimate Strength (N/mm2) Elongation (%) Elastic Modulus (N/mm2) Ф14 Longitudinal reinforcement pressed HRB335 366 580 10.02 1.91×105 Φ6 Reinforcement Stirrup HPB235 342 533 11.71 2.01×105 For the mixture design of concrete in the beams, see Table 3.
New- type Building Materials; [in Chinese]
[3] Suron Luo,Xiaoling Hu,Jing Huang,etc: Mechanical Behavior of Flexural Members of Self-Compacting Concrete.Learned Journal of Fu Zhou University(Edition of Natural Science);Vol.6(2004),p. 339-343[in Chinese]
Experimental Program Choice of Concrete Materials Coarse aggregate.
Table 2 Actually tested value for material performance of steel bars Reinforcement Type Reinforcement Grade (N/mm2) Yield strength (N/mm2) Ultimate Strength (N/mm2) Elongation (%) Elastic Modulus (N/mm2) Ф14 Longitudinal reinforcement pressed HRB335 366 580 10.02 1.91×105 Φ6 Reinforcement Stirrup HPB235 342 533 11.71 2.01×105 For the mixture design of concrete in the beams, see Table 3.
New- type Building Materials; [in Chinese]
[3] Suron Luo,Xiaoling Hu,Jing Huang,etc: Mechanical Behavior of Flexural Members of Self-Compacting Concrete.Learned Journal of Fu Zhou University(Edition of Natural Science);Vol.6(2004),p. 339-343[in Chinese]
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Fu Hui Wang, Sheng Long Zhu, Ping Liu, Hui Zhao, Li Xin
The substrate material was 1Cr-11Ni-2W-2Mo-V stainless steel.
In Eq.1, Es and νs are materials constants, hs can be measured with micrometer and hi obtained through weighing and calculating according to the following equation, ( ) ( ) [ ] flost iii hmmmmh ⋅−−= − 0 1 / , (2) where hf is the original thickness of the film in SEM image, m0 the original weight of the one side coated specimen, mlost the weight of the specimen after the film totally stripped, mi-1and mi the weight of the specimen before and after stripping a layer at time i, respectively.
Therefore, the crack initiation was delayed and fatigue characteristic of the coated materials was improved [2, 3, 6, 7].
Terranova: International Journal of Fatigue Vol. 27 (2005), p. 1541 [7] Y.
Suresh: Thin film materials: stress, defect formation, and surface evolution (Cambridge University Press, England 2003)
In Eq.1, Es and νs are materials constants, hs can be measured with micrometer and hi obtained through weighing and calculating according to the following equation, ( ) ( ) [ ] flost iii hmmmmh ⋅−−= − 0 1 / , (2) where hf is the original thickness of the film in SEM image, m0 the original weight of the one side coated specimen, mlost the weight of the specimen after the film totally stripped, mi-1and mi the weight of the specimen before and after stripping a layer at time i, respectively.
Therefore, the crack initiation was delayed and fatigue characteristic of the coated materials was improved [2, 3, 6, 7].
Terranova: International Journal of Fatigue Vol. 27 (2005), p. 1541 [7] Y.
Suresh: Thin film materials: stress, defect formation, and surface evolution (Cambridge University Press, England 2003)
Online since: April 2018
Authors: Cristina Teișanu, Ion Cinca
Materials and Methods
The HAp-based biocomposites were processed starting from the raw materials, which include ceramic powders, metallic powders and foaming agents.
The selected proportions of the raw materials and physical characteristics of the sintered biocomposites are presented in table 2.
Vacanti, Tissue engineering, Science. 260 (1993) 920-928
Rotaru (Ed.), Advanced Engineering Materials.
Tanasescu: submitted to Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2017) [31] S.
The selected proportions of the raw materials and physical characteristics of the sintered biocomposites are presented in table 2.
Vacanti, Tissue engineering, Science. 260 (1993) 920-928
Rotaru (Ed.), Advanced Engineering Materials.
Tanasescu: submitted to Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2017) [31] S.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Fu Liang Gao, Yan Wei Fang
According to the case that mass concrete in solid sections of lower pylon column of Jiashao Bridge was easy to crack in construction because of the bigger section size, larger content of cementitious material and lower water binder ratio, the temperature and thermal stresses distribution of mass concrete was simulated and temperature control scheme was adjusted constantly based on the results of field temperature monitoring.
Because of the bigger section size, larger content of cementitious material and lower water binder ratio, improper handling in construction may easily result in large temperature stress and shrinkage stress.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2002, 19(4):76-77
Because of the bigger section size, larger content of cementitious material and lower water binder ratio, improper handling in construction may easily result in large temperature stress and shrinkage stress.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2002, 19(4):76-77
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Chun Long Wang, Jin Ping Li, Rong Dan Diao, Si Cong Ma, Xiao Chao Leng
Heat loss calculation of digester
(1) Required heat of digester heating raw materials[6]
(5)
Where c is the specific heat capacity of feed liquid (mass fraction of fresh feed liquid is about 8%, could approximately takes the specific heat of water), 4.2kJ/(kg·℃); m is the volume of fresh feed liquid that daily into the digester;TD is the temperature of feed liquid in the digester fermenter tank, 37℃; TS is the temperature of the fresh feed liquid, 20℃.
Table 2 Costs of input production Solar collectors Biogas digesters Supporting devices Esternal wall insulation Costs of raw material Annual maintenance and management fees Total investment cost ¥3500 ¥1500 ¥500 ¥4400 Offset by Biogas ¥100 ¥10000 Output efficiency When the system operates stability, daily output biogas is 1.5m3, the result is that the efficiency of coal-fired furnace is 60%, the thermal efficiency of gas stove is 75%, the average heat value of biogas is 22.935MJ/m3, the heat value of standard coal is 29300kJ/kg, and the price of the standard coal is 1.2yuan/kg.
Table 3 Efficiency of output Biogas proceeds Efficiency of supply heating, supply hot water in heating period Efficiency of supply hot water in non-heating period Biogas manure income Annual net income ¥640 ¥2400 ¥235 Offset by Raw materials costs ¥3275 Calculation According to the above calculation and economics formula, the calculation of economic benefit analysis is shown in Table 4.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2011BAD15B03), Longyuan Youth Innovative Support Program (09-0165), Construction Science and Technology Development Program of Gansu (JK2010-29), Tamarisk Outstanding Talent Program of Lanzhou University of Technology(Q201101).
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2008, 7(30):204~20.
Table 2 Costs of input production Solar collectors Biogas digesters Supporting devices Esternal wall insulation Costs of raw material Annual maintenance and management fees Total investment cost ¥3500 ¥1500 ¥500 ¥4400 Offset by Biogas ¥100 ¥10000 Output efficiency When the system operates stability, daily output biogas is 1.5m3, the result is that the efficiency of coal-fired furnace is 60%, the thermal efficiency of gas stove is 75%, the average heat value of biogas is 22.935MJ/m3, the heat value of standard coal is 29300kJ/kg, and the price of the standard coal is 1.2yuan/kg.
Table 3 Efficiency of output Biogas proceeds Efficiency of supply heating, supply hot water in heating period Efficiency of supply hot water in non-heating period Biogas manure income Annual net income ¥640 ¥2400 ¥235 Offset by Raw materials costs ¥3275 Calculation According to the above calculation and economics formula, the calculation of economic benefit analysis is shown in Table 4.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2011BAD15B03), Longyuan Youth Innovative Support Program (09-0165), Construction Science and Technology Development Program of Gansu (JK2010-29), Tamarisk Outstanding Talent Program of Lanzhou University of Technology(Q201101).
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2008, 7(30):204~20.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: A.M. Gaouda, A.M. Abdrabou, O.A. Abuzeid, Farag K. Omar
Any change in the coating material is rapidly detected by monitoring a non-stationary current signal passing through the coating material due to a square wave excitation source of high frequency.
Frit the basic material of the enamel slip is applied on aluminum panels to produce the enamel coatings.
Interpretation of these spectra reveals details of the effectiveness of the coating material and the evolution of the deterioration process [10].
Matthews, EIS comparison on corrosion performance of PVD TiN and CrD coated mild steel in 0.5N NaCl aqueous solution, Corrosion Science 43, 2001, 1953-1961
Williams, Amaratunga, Introduction to Wavelets in Engineering, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol.37, 2365-2388 (1994)
Frit the basic material of the enamel slip is applied on aluminum panels to produce the enamel coatings.
Interpretation of these spectra reveals details of the effectiveness of the coating material and the evolution of the deterioration process [10].
Matthews, EIS comparison on corrosion performance of PVD TiN and CrD coated mild steel in 0.5N NaCl aqueous solution, Corrosion Science 43, 2001, 1953-1961
Williams, Amaratunga, Introduction to Wavelets in Engineering, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol.37, 2365-2388 (1994)