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Some flows are easily identified, such as materials flow, whilst others are less obvious, such as tool availability.
Some are material while others are non-material, such as flows of information, directives, approvals and the weather.
Flowthings can be material objects, concepts, actions, or information.
Al-Fedaghi: An alternative approach to multiple models: Application to control of a production cell, International Journal of Control and Automation SCOPUS, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2014)
Flowthing modeling, International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications SCOPUS, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2014)

Due to the uncertainty of materials and geometric properties of structural components, the limit-state models should be established on the basis of probability. 
Acknowledgments This study has been partially supported by National Science Foundation of China Grant No. 50578007 and Western Communications Construction Project Management Center of China(No. 200731822328).
A.: Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.120(1994), p. 3320 [5] Beck, J.
:Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.128(2002), p.534 [11] Eduardo et all.: Probabilistic response assessment for building-specific loss estimation, PEER Report 2003-03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
[13] Wang Jian-min，Zhu Xi: China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol.39(2006), p.88(in Chinese)

This phenomenon was mainly because the temperature of the slab was still increased by the furnace wall’s radiation heat after fire and the strength of material was intenerated in the fire.
Journal of Building Structures, 2009.12, 30(6): 23-33 [4] Lim Linus, Wade Colleen.
Fire Safety Journal, 2007, 42(6-7): 425-436
Beijing, Science publishing house, 2001 [9] Ligang Chen, Yuli Dong, Xiaodong Li.
Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. 2004, 36(10): 1358-1371 [10] Bin Wang, Yuli Dong, Liang, Suo Zhinian Yang.

Additionally, the implementation incorporates the use of Selenium, a material with a Seebeck coefficient (S) of 900μV/°C.
Procedia Computer Science, 151, 1040–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.04.147
In International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp. 61–62). http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 14(8), 325. https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ [9] Mao, Z., Hu, F., Li, Z., Ling, Z., & Li, S. (2019).
IEEE internet of things journal - ISSN 2327-4662 - 9:22, p. 23097-23114 https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2022.3185321 [14] Steve, A. (2023, April 13).

Overuse and poor materials construction of the sewage system are the causes of sewer leakage of PPCPs [14].
Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 162 (2009), p. 730-735
Jindal: Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in municipal wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies in Bangkok, Thailand. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health. 2017
Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 239 (2012), p. 32-39
Science of The Total Environment Vol. 225 (1999), p. 143-153

The implementation of this project has allowed achieving certain very important outcomes, such as higher production capacity and quality; higher production efficiency – production costs reduced by 60%, mainly due to the small scale cogeneration system; higher energy efficiency; better working conditions; improved environmental performance; this project is an experience and information material for similar future projects.
International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering // (2013), Vol.4, pp.123-127.
Applied Mechanics and Materials.
Applied Mechanics and Materials.
Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering // (2014), Vol 7, No 2, pp.54-59.

A Two-Parameter Computational Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen-Impurity Mixtures in a Repurposed Pipeline Yakubu Khartum Abubakar1a, Binfa Bongfa1b, Elijah Binfa Bongfa2c*, Muhammed Shaibu1d, Ahmad Muhammad Zumami3e 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B 1037, Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria. 2Mechanical Engineering Department, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria. 3Department of Computer Science, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B 1037, Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria ababayaks8069@gmail.com, bengrbinfabonfa@gmail.com, c*ebinfabongfa@gmail.com, dmdmuhamodu@yahoo.com , ezumamee22@gmail.com Keywords: A two-parameter thermodynamic analysis; hydrogen impurity; repurposed pipeline; Peng-Robinson; hydrogen transportation; non-destructive acoustic emission Abstract.
Therefore, this paper is organized in the following order: Background provides the context and justification for the analysis; Materials and Method provides a detailed description of the analysis; and Results and Discussion analyzed the outcome of the study; and Conclusion re-emphasized the importance of the study and the findings, and also provided potential suggestions for future study. 2.0 Materials and Method Developing a non-destructive acoustic emission hydrogen quality monitoring scheme is possible and can enhance hydrogen transportation via repurposed natural gas pipelines.
This effect applies force to the piezoelectric material, generating an electrical signal.
Sim, “South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Analysis of the thermodynamic behaviour of gaseous mixtures using equations of state,” vol. 49, no.

GaN is emerging material for semiconductor devices, sensors, high performance wireless devices, etc [1].
However sapphire is still the most common material as a substrate for device application.
Kim, (Elsevier science Ltd, 2002)
Steckl, SiC Materials and Devices,Semiconductors and Semimetals, 52, (San Diego, Academic Press), p. 77.1998
Shin, Journal of Crystal Growth 268, (2004),p. 607.

China 2College of life science and technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei P.
Materials and methods Materials EPO was purchased from Jiangxi Province, the standard preparation of γ-linolenic acid was provided by Jilin Provincial Institute for Drug Control.
Results and data analysis The effect of material proportion on the purity Some references [6-7] indicate that the isolated mechanism of urea inclusion rely on the different saturation degrees of the fatty acids.
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2:351-357 (2004) [5] A.

Strek2 1 National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Greece 2 Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Department of Excited States Spectroscopy, Wroclaw, Poland a gakianna@central.ntua.gr, bkakali@central.ntua.gr, cr.wiglusz@int.pan.wroc.pl Keywords: Lanthanum cobaltites, Strontium doping, Polymeric precursor route, Microwave heating, Conductivity Abstract.
Introduction Lanthanum Cobaltites doped with alkali earth elements (Ca, Sr, Ba) exhibit unique properties and are considered as promising materials for numerous applications such as catalysts for various oxidation-reduction reactions, oxygen permeable membranes or electrodes for different electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells [1].
Lately, strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltites have been proposed as a cathode material in intermediate temperature SOFCs, due to their high electronic conductivity at intermediate operating temperatures [2,3].
Several wet chemical synthesis techniques have been applied, instead of solid state reactions, for the synthesis of lanthanum cobaltites of high purity and controlled microstructure as the actual composition and the properties of these materials strongly depend on the preparation method. [4, 5] Moreover, using fine particles is regarded as a promising way to improve the homogeneity and sinterability of the powders and achieve the desirable properties.
Yoshino and T.Matsui, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181 (2008), p. 3145 [14] J.