Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Zhou Wu, Dong Lu
Therefore, the international promotion of Chinese
language to achieve six major changes: the more a single foreign language teaching in all directions
of Chinese Language Council International; from the foreigners, "Please come in" Learning Chinese
into "Please come in" and "going out" a combination ; from professional Chinese language instruction
into a mass, popular type, application type Chinese teaching; the education system into a simple
teaching system of internal and external services to the community and serve the state, government
and civil, domestic and abroad to advance the cause; promotion model implementation of the scheme
undertaken by the government into a government driven by the market;-face from the paper-based
materials to promote the main changes to the multimedia network [2] [3].
Such sites are through the establishment of classroom teaching foreigners learn Chinese online, which is equivalent to the traditional classroom moved to the Internet, content emphasis on learning language knowledge and language skills, mainly to take online play video or teachers teach online counseling methods, the use who mainly want to accept the Chinese language and professional qualifications to enter university education or other professional adults to learn Chinese and foreign, mainly medium to court documents. (2) Language skills class.
In accordance with the principles of color memory is generally warm memories of a more cool and strong; color also has association with the symbolic material, such as the red symbolizes the blood of the sun; blue symbolizes the sea, sky and water, etc..
Such sites are through the establishment of classroom teaching foreigners learn Chinese online, which is equivalent to the traditional classroom moved to the Internet, content emphasis on learning language knowledge and language skills, mainly to take online play video or teachers teach online counseling methods, the use who mainly want to accept the Chinese language and professional qualifications to enter university education or other professional adults to learn Chinese and foreign, mainly medium to court documents. (2) Language skills class.
In accordance with the principles of color memory is generally warm memories of a more cool and strong; color also has association with the symbolic material, such as the red symbolizes the blood of the sun; blue symbolizes the sea, sky and water, etc..
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Wei Li, Jin Yu, Jian Peng Zhang
Arbitrariness of Design Changes
Situation that part of the design personnel's drawings are "wrong leak, touch, missing" is serious and phenomenon that architectural drawings and structural drawings are not consistent ,and structural drawings is inconsistent with water, electric diagram, makes the changes occur frequently in the process of concrete construction.
Professional Quality is not High Management of project cost running through the whole process of the construction is a systematic project and request that the staff has a wide range of technical quality, however, the engineers and technicians neither understand the budget estimate nor ask the budget estimate.
Engineering economy personnel are only responsible for the completion of the design estimate, little are known about the professional and technical engineering, or do not understand, and fix preparation budget only by drawing sets, not the engineering cost to control or constraint design.
The design of units and design personnel must be familiar with the professional budget quota, cost quota, the materials and budget price to combine technology and economy, design and approximate organically.
Professional Quality is not High Management of project cost running through the whole process of the construction is a systematic project and request that the staff has a wide range of technical quality, however, the engineers and technicians neither understand the budget estimate nor ask the budget estimate.
Engineering economy personnel are only responsible for the completion of the design estimate, little are known about the professional and technical engineering, or do not understand, and fix preparation budget only by drawing sets, not the engineering cost to control or constraint design.
The design of units and design personnel must be familiar with the professional budget quota, cost quota, the materials and budget price to combine technology and economy, design and approximate organically.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Yu Xian Zheng, Shi Zhu Liu, Liu Juan Xu
A Research on Rural Land Transfer System
Yuxian Zheng1, a, Shizhu Liu2, Liujuan Xu1
1 Zhejiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower College, Hangzhou, China
2Department of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
a zhengyx@mail.zjwchc.com
Keywords: Land transfer; specialized cooperatives; logistic regression
Abstract.
Specialized economic cooperative is a professional cooperative of voluntary organization of farmers, whose aim is to practice self-management, self-service, and self-development in technology, capital, information, purchasing, processing, storage and other aspects, to improve competitiveness ability and increase revenue of members.
Basic Situation of Development of Professional Economic Cooperation Organization in Qingyuan County.
From the analysis of impact factors to farmers participating in professional cooperatives by scholars, the education level and age of the head of the household, family workers, families with or without credit, land size, price movements and sales of agricultural products will affect the enthusiasm of farmers participating in agricultural cooperatives.
Specialized economic cooperative is a professional cooperative of voluntary organization of farmers, whose aim is to practice self-management, self-service, and self-development in technology, capital, information, purchasing, processing, storage and other aspects, to improve competitiveness ability and increase revenue of members.
Basic Situation of Development of Professional Economic Cooperation Organization in Qingyuan County.
From the analysis of impact factors to farmers participating in professional cooperatives by scholars, the education level and age of the head of the household, family workers, families with or without credit, land size, price movements and sales of agricultural products will affect the enthusiasm of farmers participating in agricultural cooperatives.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Qing Wu, Xiao Min Wang
The temperature adjustability of double layer curtain wall solves the problem of high energy water and bad air flow and it greatly improve the in-room conditions.
Every single problem related to many professional areas.
Many professors, professionals, engineers in the factories are involved in this project.
Every single problem related to many professional areas.
Many professors, professionals, engineers in the factories are involved in this project.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Mei Li
Corn fibers have some professional properties, such as high transparency, well-heat-resistant stability, well-coloring, and full biodegradability, as well as the feature in ecological recycle.
It can be broken down by microbe into carbon dioxide and water in the soil or water and turned into corn starch by photosynthesis in corn plant.
PLA corn fiber can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
Table 1: Properties of Lactron corn fibers and polyester fiber, nylon Fibers Properties Lactron corn fibers Polyester fibers Nylon fibers Density [g·cm-3] 1.27 1.38 1.14 Refractive index [%] 1.4 1.58 1.57 Melting point [ºC] 175 265 215 Tg [ºC] 57 70 40 Standard moisture regain [%] 0.5 0.4 4.5 Tensile strength [cN·dtex-1] 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.5-5.3 Intensity [cN·dtex-1] 3.97-4.85 4.06-4.85 3.97-5.29 Elongation [%] 25-35 30-40 40 Young’s modulus [kg·mm-2] 400-600 1200 300 Crystallinity [%] >70 50-60 35 Boiling water shrinkage [%] 8 - 15 8 - 15 8 - 15 Dyeing temperature [ºC] 100 130 100 Dyestuff type Dispersive Dispersive Acid Corn Fiber Blending with Colored Cotton Fibers According to the characteristics of the two fibers, in order to improve the uniformity of the fiber, brown cotton fiber shall be combed and the opening and cleaning process of corn fiber shall be shorten which can reduce the damage to the fiber and cotton fibers drop.
Summary Corn fibers have found wide applications in recent years since they have many professional properties, such as high transparency, well-heat-resistant stability, well-coloring, and full biodegradability, as well as the feature in ecological recycle.
It can be broken down by microbe into carbon dioxide and water in the soil or water and turned into corn starch by photosynthesis in corn plant.
PLA corn fiber can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
Table 1: Properties of Lactron corn fibers and polyester fiber, nylon Fibers Properties Lactron corn fibers Polyester fibers Nylon fibers Density [g·cm-3] 1.27 1.38 1.14 Refractive index [%] 1.4 1.58 1.57 Melting point [ºC] 175 265 215 Tg [ºC] 57 70 40 Standard moisture regain [%] 0.5 0.4 4.5 Tensile strength [cN·dtex-1] 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.5-5.3 Intensity [cN·dtex-1] 3.97-4.85 4.06-4.85 3.97-5.29 Elongation [%] 25-35 30-40 40 Young’s modulus [kg·mm-2] 400-600 1200 300 Crystallinity [%] >70 50-60 35 Boiling water shrinkage [%] 8 - 15 8 - 15 8 - 15 Dyeing temperature [ºC] 100 130 100 Dyestuff type Dispersive Dispersive Acid Corn Fiber Blending with Colored Cotton Fibers According to the characteristics of the two fibers, in order to improve the uniformity of the fiber, brown cotton fiber shall be combed and the opening and cleaning process of corn fiber shall be shorten which can reduce the damage to the fiber and cotton fibers drop.
Summary Corn fibers have found wide applications in recent years since they have many professional properties, such as high transparency, well-heat-resistant stability, well-coloring, and full biodegradability, as well as the feature in ecological recycle.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Benjamin Valdez, Michael Schorr
Desalination is the most viable solution to the 21th century's shortage of fresh water to be obtained
from sources of saline waters (SW), mainly seawater and brackish water.
The economic and social relevance of the desalination industry is evident by the activities of the diverse international and national professional associations and R & D institutions involved in all the aspects of desalination science, engine ring and technology.
In general, the thermal processes are more expensive than RO but distillation produces pure water independent of the quality and salinity of the feed water.
The average expense for desalting brackish water is 0.50 USD/m3 and for seawater 1.5 USD/m3.
Technologies, Fresh Water from the Sea, (2004) Israel www.ide-tech.com [4] G.
The economic and social relevance of the desalination industry is evident by the activities of the diverse international and national professional associations and R & D institutions involved in all the aspects of desalination science, engine ring and technology.
In general, the thermal processes are more expensive than RO but distillation produces pure water independent of the quality and salinity of the feed water.
The average expense for desalting brackish water is 0.50 USD/m3 and for seawater 1.5 USD/m3.
Technologies, Fresh Water from the Sea, (2004) Israel www.ide-tech.com [4] G.
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mahamad Sahab, Nor Hayati Saad, Norazne Nasir, Norrul Hafizan Ab Wahab
The result shows that higher the water plaster ratio resultant in higher porosity percentage and water absorption.
The specimen was then removed from the water one at a time, all surface water wiped off with a dry cloth, and weighed immediately.
This open pore is the reason of water filtration and water permeability that occur in the moulding process of CSRM.
Mehta, “Hollow ceramics component produced by rotary moulding cuts cost,” M.PROFESSIONAL, pp. 2–3, 2014
[13] D570, “Water Absorption of Plastics 1,” ASTM Stand., vol. 98, no.
The specimen was then removed from the water one at a time, all surface water wiped off with a dry cloth, and weighed immediately.
This open pore is the reason of water filtration and water permeability that occur in the moulding process of CSRM.
Mehta, “Hollow ceramics component produced by rotary moulding cuts cost,” M.PROFESSIONAL, pp. 2–3, 2014
[13] D570, “Water Absorption of Plastics 1,” ASTM Stand., vol. 98, no.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Bing Han, Liang Li, Dong Mei You
So ecological environment, water environment, landscape environment should be considered to form environment factors.
Table 1 Decision-making factors selection table of Mountainous highway routing Target layer Criterion layer Decision-making layer Schematic layer - General goal : Technical feasibility Route length Plan Plan Minimum radius of the Horizontal Curve Maximum longitudinal slope Minimum radius of Concave vertical curve Minimum radius of Convex vertical curve Intersection points of Horizontal Curve : Engineering indicators Quantity of Earth and Stone works Quantity of Culvert The length of highway subgrade excavation and filling Quantity of Large bridge The number of drainage and protective works The quantity of Interchange The quantity of Freeway Interchange Area of unfavorable geology The length of the treatment of special roadbed : Economic evaluation Engineering Cost National Economic Evaluation : Environmental impact Score of Eco-environmental Impact Score of Water Environment Impact Area of Landscape Impact Determination of Decision-making factors weight.
Minimum radius of the Horizontal Curve 2400m 4000 m 4500 m Maximum longitudinal slope 5%/1 4%/1 5%/1 Minimum radius of Concave vertical curve 8000 m 6715 m 7000 m Minimum radius of Convex vertical curve/m 8600 m 8000 m 12000 m The num of intersection points of Horizontal Curve 10 13 12 Engineering indicators Quantity of Earth and Stone works 3748.08 m³ 4275.96 m³ 5489.21 m³ Quantity of Culvert 32 45 38 The length of highway subgrade excavation and filling 324m 256m 549m Quantity of Large bridge 1 2 1 The number of drainage and protective works 67539. 44 m³ 75658.57 m³ 69586.35 m³ The num of Interchange 6 5 7 The num of Freeway Interchange 98 69 36 area of unfavorable geology 53426.23㎡ 45726.28㎡ 57895.46㎡ The length of the treatment of special roadbed 10.45km 17.68km 13.25km Economic evaluation Engineering Cost 4559.8924 5369.9617 4835.6325 National Economic Evaluation EIRR/% 0.1504 0.1249 0.1326 Environmental impact Score of Eco-environmental Impact 80 90 80 Score of Water
Decision-making factors Quantity of Large bridge Quantity of Culvert Area of unfavorable geology The length of the treatment of special roadbed The length of highway subgrade excavation and filling Quantity of Earth and Stone works The number of drainage and protective works The quantity of Interchange The quantity of Freeway Interchange 1 [45 50] [45 50] [25 30] [15 25] [15 25] [20 25] [25 35] [5 10] [5 10] 2 [40 40] [40 40] [20 20] [20 20] [20 20] [15 15] [15 15] [5 5] [5 5] 3 [35 40] [35 40] [20 25] [15 20] [15 20] [15 25] [20 25] [4 6] [5 8] 4 [33 36] [33 36] [25 35] [20 25] [20 25] [15 20] [25 30] [0 10] [0 10] Table 6 Interval Grey Number of economic evaluation Decision-makers Decision-making factors Engineering Cost National Economic Evaluation 1 [75 85] [15 25] 2 [70 80] [20 30] 3 [60 70] [30 40] 4 [75 80] [20 25] Table 7 Interval Grey Number of environmental impact Decision-makers Decision-making factors Eco-environmental Impact Water
References [1] Yunbo Li,Qiping Shen,Heng Li.Design of Spatial Decision Support Systems for property professionals using MapObjects and Excel.Automation in Construction, 2004(13):565-573
Table 1 Decision-making factors selection table of Mountainous highway routing Target layer Criterion layer Decision-making layer Schematic layer - General goal : Technical feasibility Route length Plan Plan Minimum radius of the Horizontal Curve Maximum longitudinal slope Minimum radius of Concave vertical curve Minimum radius of Convex vertical curve Intersection points of Horizontal Curve : Engineering indicators Quantity of Earth and Stone works Quantity of Culvert The length of highway subgrade excavation and filling Quantity of Large bridge The number of drainage and protective works The quantity of Interchange The quantity of Freeway Interchange Area of unfavorable geology The length of the treatment of special roadbed : Economic evaluation Engineering Cost National Economic Evaluation : Environmental impact Score of Eco-environmental Impact Score of Water Environment Impact Area of Landscape Impact Determination of Decision-making factors weight.
Minimum radius of the Horizontal Curve 2400m 4000 m 4500 m Maximum longitudinal slope 5%/1 4%/1 5%/1 Minimum radius of Concave vertical curve 8000 m 6715 m 7000 m Minimum radius of Convex vertical curve/m 8600 m 8000 m 12000 m The num of intersection points of Horizontal Curve 10 13 12 Engineering indicators Quantity of Earth and Stone works 3748.08 m³ 4275.96 m³ 5489.21 m³ Quantity of Culvert 32 45 38 The length of highway subgrade excavation and filling 324m 256m 549m Quantity of Large bridge 1 2 1 The number of drainage and protective works 67539. 44 m³ 75658.57 m³ 69586.35 m³ The num of Interchange 6 5 7 The num of Freeway Interchange 98 69 36 area of unfavorable geology 53426.23㎡ 45726.28㎡ 57895.46㎡ The length of the treatment of special roadbed 10.45km 17.68km 13.25km Economic evaluation Engineering Cost 4559.8924 5369.9617 4835.6325 National Economic Evaluation EIRR/% 0.1504 0.1249 0.1326 Environmental impact Score of Eco-environmental Impact 80 90 80 Score of Water
Decision-making factors Quantity of Large bridge Quantity of Culvert Area of unfavorable geology The length of the treatment of special roadbed The length of highway subgrade excavation and filling Quantity of Earth and Stone works The number of drainage and protective works The quantity of Interchange The quantity of Freeway Interchange 1 [45 50] [45 50] [25 30] [15 25] [15 25] [20 25] [25 35] [5 10] [5 10] 2 [40 40] [40 40] [20 20] [20 20] [20 20] [15 15] [15 15] [5 5] [5 5] 3 [35 40] [35 40] [20 25] [15 20] [15 20] [15 25] [20 25] [4 6] [5 8] 4 [33 36] [33 36] [25 35] [20 25] [20 25] [15 20] [25 30] [0 10] [0 10] Table 6 Interval Grey Number of economic evaluation Decision-makers Decision-making factors Engineering Cost National Economic Evaluation 1 [75 85] [15 25] 2 [70 80] [20 30] 3 [60 70] [30 40] 4 [75 80] [20 25] Table 7 Interval Grey Number of environmental impact Decision-makers Decision-making factors Eco-environmental Impact Water
References [1] Yunbo Li,Qiping Shen,Heng Li.Design of Spatial Decision Support Systems for property professionals using MapObjects and Excel.Automation in Construction, 2004(13):565-573
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Zhuo Wei, Jing An Zhang, Cheng Gang Li, Chang Bao Sun
Piping System Design of Subsea Manifold
Jing’an Zhang1,a, Zhuo Wei1,b, Chenggang Li1,c, Changbao Sun1,d
1Geophysical -China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300450
azhangja@cosl.com.cn, bweizhuo@cosl.com.cn, clicg@cosl.com.cn, dsuncb@cosl.com.cn
Key words: Deep water, Manifold, Piping, West Africa, Strength check
Abstract: Show the layout of subsea manifold piping system, whose design base on the relevant parameters of the E oil and gas field in West Africa.
Design of manifold’s piping system: (1)Routing layout should be as compact as possible under the premise to meet the erosion shield requirements and consider different angles between the different subsea production facilities jumper; (2)The pipeline connection is reliable, safe, in the life of trouble-free; (3)Subsea pipelines jumper need to facilitate operating on the surface in the help of ROV; (4)The pipeline should not be crushed in deep-water.
Take calculated based on security consideration, input the maximum flow rate in a century in various water depth to AUTOPIPE to obtained stress under the extreme conditions
Summary For different oilfield, it should be in accordance with the parameters of the reservoir to design subsea manifold, especially in deep water, selecting an appropriate design method is very critical because of the complex sea conditions and high costs of detection and maintenance.
In accordance with authoritative international standards, using professional pipe design and checking software and selecting the parameters of the target oilfield accurately make subsea manifold design safe and stable and have an important significance to localization for deep water equipment and breaking the monopoly of foreign technology.
Design of manifold’s piping system: (1)Routing layout should be as compact as possible under the premise to meet the erosion shield requirements and consider different angles between the different subsea production facilities jumper; (2)The pipeline connection is reliable, safe, in the life of trouble-free; (3)Subsea pipelines jumper need to facilitate operating on the surface in the help of ROV; (4)The pipeline should not be crushed in deep-water.
Take calculated based on security consideration, input the maximum flow rate in a century in various water depth to AUTOPIPE to obtained stress under the extreme conditions
Summary For different oilfield, it should be in accordance with the parameters of the reservoir to design subsea manifold, especially in deep water, selecting an appropriate design method is very critical because of the complex sea conditions and high costs of detection and maintenance.
In accordance with authoritative international standards, using professional pipe design and checking software and selecting the parameters of the target oilfield accurately make subsea manifold design safe and stable and have an important significance to localization for deep water equipment and breaking the monopoly of foreign technology.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Yue Wang, Fu Yan Guo, Min De Huang
The method to guide the words as the core, the systematic analysis of group review consists of professionals related,the method has the advantages of comprehensive, system,thorough, and can effectively identify the potential risks in the process of accident prevention device, particularly serious accidents have very good results.[3]HAZOP research program: the establishment of research group, on the choice of the node analysis system, clear function, used to guide the word node can identify each of the nodes or procedure all deviation, make analysis report and suggested measures.[2]
Introduction of fault tree.
Matching circuit breaker Regular daily patrol, Adding the leakage current online monitoring device Edge cracking The fault current Good insulation, Frame grounding Regular daily patrol, Well grounding monitoring EVA and glass of water Components of short circuit Packaging firm Matching circuit breaker Regular daily patrol,Adding the leakage current online monitoring device Cell sheet or electrode resistance increases Cell line temperature rise, the line of fire Packaging firm, housing seal Adding undervoltage monitoring device 2 Battery Battery unbalance Insufficient charge Balance arrangement Additional charging current monitoring device The battery internal short circuit Electrical fire Insulation joint Adding the leakage current online monitoring device Shell cracking Charger failure Packaging firm Daily patrol,Leakage monitoring Irreversible sulfation Charger failure To control the charge and discharge time Online monitoring of battery discharge time, control 3 controller Lightning
fault alarm No transistor contact switch damage System failure Regulated power supply Voltage detection, overvoltage protection Reverse polarity Damage Reverse polarity protection 4 Inverter Reverse polarity Damage Reverse polarity protection Lightning damage Devic failure Lightning protection and grounding protection The on-line monitoring of SPD Power transistor damage Equipment downtime Fault alarm Abnormal input voltage The equipment state is abnormal The stabilizing device Insurance damage Fault, damage to equipment Insurance testing With double insurance Input and output joint fever Electrical fire Temperature protection Temperature detection 5 Transmi-ssion cable Line overload Electrical fire Overload protection temperature measurement Cable tension is too large Cable disconnection There are some cable sag Regular daily patrol Cable sheath damage The fault current, trip The mechanical strength of cable Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement The cable trench water
Figure 2 Top event diagram Figure 3 Event A1 diagram Figure 4 Event A2, A3 diagram Figure 5 Event A4 diagram Figure 6 Event A5 diagram Table 2: The meaning of Figure.2-6 code Events code Events T Fault photovoltaic power station X11 Shell cracking A1 Solar panels X12 Irreversible sulfation A2 Battery X13 Line overload A3 Transmission cable X14 Cable tension large A4 controller X15 Cable sheath damage A5 Inverter X16 The cable trench water B1 The controller of lightning failure X17 Lightning damage B2 Controller sensor signal fault X18 Failure in SPD protection B3 Lightning protection failure of inverter X19 Set incorrectly or shift work point B4 Inverter fault sensor signal X20 Holzer sensor damage C1 The controller signal failure X21 Temperature compensation failure C2 Inverter signal failure X22 Reverse polarity X1 The outer electrode circuit breaker X23 Signal alarm failure X2 Bypass diode reverse connection or
short X24 No transistor contact switch damage X3 Junction box off X25 Lightning damage X4 Wire aging, wire circuit X26 Failure in SPD protection X5 Back film cracking X27 Set incorrectly or shift work point X6 Edge cracking X28 Holzer sensor failure X7 EVA and glass of water X29 Temperature compensation failure X8 Cell sheet or electrode resistance increases X30 No transistor contact switch damage X9 Battery unbalance X31 Reverse polarity X10 The battery internal short circuit X32 Signal alarm failure Fault tree analysis of photovoltaic power station.Through the fault tree analysis can identify the direct cause of major accidents, dangerous position and the main affecting factors of potential causes, which provides reliable data for the establishment of diagnostic measures, to prevent the failure
Matching circuit breaker Regular daily patrol, Adding the leakage current online monitoring device Edge cracking The fault current Good insulation, Frame grounding Regular daily patrol, Well grounding monitoring EVA and glass of water Components of short circuit Packaging firm Matching circuit breaker Regular daily patrol,Adding the leakage current online monitoring device Cell sheet or electrode resistance increases Cell line temperature rise, the line of fire Packaging firm, housing seal Adding undervoltage monitoring device 2 Battery Battery unbalance Insufficient charge Balance arrangement Additional charging current monitoring device The battery internal short circuit Electrical fire Insulation joint Adding the leakage current online monitoring device Shell cracking Charger failure Packaging firm Daily patrol,Leakage monitoring Irreversible sulfation Charger failure To control the charge and discharge time Online monitoring of battery discharge time, control 3 controller Lightning
fault alarm No transistor contact switch damage System failure Regulated power supply Voltage detection, overvoltage protection Reverse polarity Damage Reverse polarity protection 4 Inverter Reverse polarity Damage Reverse polarity protection Lightning damage Devic failure Lightning protection and grounding protection The on-line monitoring of SPD Power transistor damage Equipment downtime Fault alarm Abnormal input voltage The equipment state is abnormal The stabilizing device Insurance damage Fault, damage to equipment Insurance testing With double insurance Input and output joint fever Electrical fire Temperature protection Temperature detection 5 Transmi-ssion cable Line overload Electrical fire Overload protection temperature measurement Cable tension is too large Cable disconnection There are some cable sag Regular daily patrol Cable sheath damage The fault current, trip The mechanical strength of cable Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement The cable trench water
Figure 2 Top event diagram Figure 3 Event A1 diagram Figure 4 Event A2, A3 diagram Figure 5 Event A4 diagram Figure 6 Event A5 diagram Table 2: The meaning of Figure.2-6 code Events code Events T Fault photovoltaic power station X11 Shell cracking A1 Solar panels X12 Irreversible sulfation A2 Battery X13 Line overload A3 Transmission cable X14 Cable tension large A4 controller X15 Cable sheath damage A5 Inverter X16 The cable trench water B1 The controller of lightning failure X17 Lightning damage B2 Controller sensor signal fault X18 Failure in SPD protection B3 Lightning protection failure of inverter X19 Set incorrectly or shift work point B4 Inverter fault sensor signal X20 Holzer sensor damage C1 The controller signal failure X21 Temperature compensation failure C2 Inverter signal failure X22 Reverse polarity X1 The outer electrode circuit breaker X23 Signal alarm failure X2 Bypass diode reverse connection or
short X24 No transistor contact switch damage X3 Junction box off X25 Lightning damage X4 Wire aging, wire circuit X26 Failure in SPD protection X5 Back film cracking X27 Set incorrectly or shift work point X6 Edge cracking X28 Holzer sensor failure X7 EVA and glass of water X29 Temperature compensation failure X8 Cell sheet or electrode resistance increases X30 No transistor contact switch damage X9 Battery unbalance X31 Reverse polarity X10 The battery internal short circuit X32 Signal alarm failure Fault tree analysis of photovoltaic power station.Through the fault tree analysis can identify the direct cause of major accidents, dangerous position and the main affecting factors of potential causes, which provides reliable data for the establishment of diagnostic measures, to prevent the failure