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This work describes the preparation and the properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) porous membranes.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as one of the attractive membrane materials used in water treatment field processes many outstanding properties, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and having excellent resistance to most corrosive chemicals and organic compounds [5-7].
Intrinsic chemical composition is not the only factor affecting the suitability of the membrane, the morphological properties, too, play a significant role.
By selecting the correct modified material and the fabrication parameters, the morphology and the properties of the membrane can be varied, and then the membrane can be valuable for different application.
Meanwhile, the porous structure can act as a mechanical support.

Most of the applications demand well-defined surface properties being affected by a range of different surface treatments [2].
However, as recently shown in [27], there exist further influencing factors where both the current pulse shape and the frequency are varied.
Therefore anodized materials possess completely different properties.
This microstructure affects the properties of the coatings, shown by means of the hardness gradients (Fig. 15).
A need for research exists in the pre- and post-treatments (colouring, sealing, incorporation of nanoparticles) and in relation to the knowledge of layer properties like mechanical characteristics, statements about wear behaviour.

Stem design affects success of cemented stemmed implants [4].
The different stem shapes affected the displacement of the component inside the bone.
Stem design is one available factors which affect failure of an implant [4].
Stem design factors consisting cross-sectional shape size, length, material properties, surface finish and frontal plane shape [4].
Mann, comparison of the mechanical designs of articulating elbow prostheses, Clin.

The contribution of the transient temperature field is also temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties as shown in Fig. 2.
Structural Analysis For mechanical analysis, the temperature history of each node from the preceding thermal analysis is input as the node load with temperature dependent mechanical properties shown in Fig. 4.
For the plastic strain component, a plastic model is employed with the following features: the Von Mises yield surface and temperature-dependent mechanical properties.
Fig. 4 Thermo-mechanical properties of SS400 steel as a function of temperature.
U.Dar: International Journal of Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2009

Due to its characteristic properties, each of these minerals affects the specific properties of individual cements.
It was found that the type of polymorphic phase affects the properties of the cement itself, when, for example, modification M1 reached up to 10% higher strengths than modification M3.
The aim is to optimize the Portland clinker production process so that the resulting product contains the largest possible amount due to important properties of monoclinic phases M1 and M3 [5].
The composition of raw material mixture and the setting of combustion parameters are among the primary factors that determine the final composition of clinker [6-7].
Another important factor influencing the phase composition of clinker, to which negligible attention has been paid so far, is mechanical-chemical activation.

Both theoretical analysis and experimental study were held on the effects of many factors to the deburring results.
Recently the miniature holes are mainly fabricated by mechanical drilling, but drilling always generates burrs along the edge of the holes, which severely affect the accuracy, quality and performance of the parts [1].
M-ECD is sensitive to various processing parameters and material properties, such as electrolyte composition and concentration, processing current, inter-electrode gap, initial burr height, so it is difficult to exactly predict whether the burrs are removed completely.
The processing parameters and workpiece material properties considered for this purpose are exhibited in Table 1.
But there are still some errors caused by many factors.

These factors are both expressed as the function of backup ratio i.e. the ratio of rim thickness and the tooth height.
Among the correction factors proposed for nominal tooth root stress calculation, the rim thickness factor is separated as it is used for the evaluation of rim thickness influence when detailed calculations of stresses in both tension and compression or experience are not available.
In the case of the adopted gear geometry, loading and material properties, the stress s1max is found approximately 2,2 times greater than sFO for the lowest backup ratio (sR/ht =0,5; sR/m= 1,125) for middle, and about 2,1 times for offset web arrangement.
Li: Journal of Mechanical Design, No.124, (2002), p. 129 [8] C.
Li : Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 124, (2002), p. 511

As far as CB-filled CPCs are concerned, it is desirable that conductive percolation thresholds decrease as low as possible because high CB concentration causes difficulties in CPC processing and worsens mechanical properties of CPC.
In past ten years, one type of ternary CPCs consisting of two immiscible polymer blends and CB is attracting great attention because it has been proved to be feasible to effectively reduce the percolation threshold, and accompanied with other excellent properties as well.
The regarding results agree that the distribution of CB in polymer blends has very important influence on the electrical conductivity and other properties.
Many previous studies have clearly demonstrated that the factors affecting distributions of CB or other filler in two-phase polymer blends are excessive and very complex [5], in which thermodynamic parameter like surface energy of each component in the blends are the most important one among the factors.
As is well known, the factors affecting distributions of CB or other filler in two-phase polymer blends are excessive and very complex [5], and it is very difficult to give a completely accurate prediction of the distribution. wetting coefficient (ωa) suggested by Sumita at al [9], based on interfacial tension data, was extensively and more successfully used to forecast the distribution in many related literatures. wetting coefficient ωa can be calculated as follows according to Eq. (3)

Introduction It is well known that Ni-Ti shape memory alloys show attractive super-elastic and shape memory properties through martensitic transformation at specific temperature or under stress conditions.
Except for specimen 1, other nine specimens compose to three factors and three levels experiments.
When compressibility and recovery of specimen 1 are considered, post-treatments are important factors to improve the properties.
While the recovery is affected more by the ageing temperature, the pre-deformation is a non-significant factor.
Recovery is affected by ageing temperature more than other two factors.

Factors which have influence on the magnesia recovery such as time, temperature, pressure, particle size and calcination temperature have been studied.
The Fe2O3 impurity is hazardous because it decreases the refractory properties of magnesite [1].
We have carried out some research on determining factors which affect the speed and completeness of leaching magnesia from Satkinsk fired magnesite by carbonic acid.
Reactors for leaching can be of different construction (e.g. with mechanical agitation of pulp or air agitation with an airlift pipe [3]).
The main factors were elicited which affect the speed and completeness of leaching magnesia from Satkinsk fired magnesite by carbonic acid. 2.