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Such substitutes can be cell-based constructs (grown from cells) or artificial materials.
Artificial Materials as Endothelial Substitutes Rather surprisingly, artificial materials were chronologically the first to be proposed and used as replacements for the corneal endothelium.
All these materials are hydrogels, which are defined as materials able to absorb water without dissolving and acquire flexibility.
The materials "must exhibit, as closely as possible, the functional characteristics of the natural endothelium" [46].
Anderson: AIChE Journal, Vol.21 (1975) p.1176

Hence, CS is particularly suitable for coating of thermal-sensitive materials, such as nanocrystalline and amorphous materials [13, 14], and for oxygen-sensitive and low melting temperature materials, such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium alloys [7, 12, 15].
Helfritch, Materials & Design Vol. 25 (2004) p. 681
Alkhimov, New Materials and Technologies, Theory and Practice of Materials Hardening in Extremal Processes Vol
Lee, Journal of Materials Science Vol. 47 (2012) p. 4649
Lee, Journal of Materials Science Vol. 47 (2012) p. 4053

Materials and Methods The study is framed in a real industrial case in the production line of the tail cone of a commercial aircraft.
The carbide substrate, EMT100, is a micro-grain cemented carbide with 0.8 μm medium grain size and a composition of 93 % tungsten carbide, 6 % cobalt, and 1 % other materials.
Variable Description Aircraft ID Aircraft identification number Hole ID Identification number of the hole Tool ID Tool identification number Tool type Number defining the type of tool Hole accumulated Number of holes drilled by the tool Date Date of completion of the hole Components materials Material of the parts drilled in a drill operation CFRP thickness Thickness of the CFRP parts per hole in mm Titanium thickness Thickness of the titanium parts per hole in mm Hole total thickness Hole depth in mm Cutting speeds Cutting speeds used to drill each of the part materials in m/min.
See together with Component materials variable Feeds Feeds used to drill each of the part materials in mm/rev.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2020;109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05449-w

This area of research is significant because plant products are inexpensive, readily available and renewable sources of environmentally acceptable materials.
Potentiostatic experiments can be used to determine diffusion coefficients of dissolved materials in a solution to measure passivation or re-passivation potentials and to evaluate anodic and cathodic protection techniques.
This paper presented as the poster in international conference on materials science and engineering recent advances and challenges (ICMSE-RAC 2018).
Srhiri, Materials Sciences and Applications, Vol. 2, pp. 1260-1267, (2011)
Silva, Journal of Corrosion, Vol. 53, pp. 16-25, (1997)

Test study on mechanical characteristic of high strength composite shaft lining of steel and concrete Zhishu Yao a, Haiqing Song b and Hua Cheng c College of Civil Eng. and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001, China ayao.zs@163.com ,bhaiqingsong80@163.com , chcheng@aust.edu.cn Key words: steel, concrete, composite shaft lining, mechanical properties, model test Abstract.
At this time, the hoop stress of shaft lining section presents the distribution of large inner edge and small outer edge; when the load is larger, the material is in the plastic stage and the stress of shaft lining section presents redistribution.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (51044004) and the Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation (51044004).
Li: Designing guidebook of coal mining (China Coal Industry Press, China 2002) [3] Z.S.Yao, H.Chang and J.J.Yang: Journal of China Coal Society Vol. 29(2004), P.167 [4] Z.H.Guo: Principle and application of the concrete strength and constitutive relationship (China Architecture and Buildings Press, China 2004) [5] X.X.Wei and Y.M.Lai: Theory and application of similar method (Lanzhou University Publishing House, China 2001)

The bottom material of the Huanghua port is fine-silty sand, which is very active in water, i.e. easily in sediment-moving incipient and settling down.
That means the sediment retention dike can weaken the siltation intensity and reduce the siltation quantity largely of the outer channel during storm surge References [1] Shizuo Feng: An introduction to storm surge (Science Press, Beijing, China 1982,in Chinese) [2] Hui Lin, Guonian Lv, Zhiyao Song: The tidal wave system of the East China Sea and the coastal evolution simulation research (Science Press, Beijing, China 2000, in Chinese)
[6] Jiaju Liu: Journal of Nanjing Hydraulic Research institute, Vol.2 (1988), p.69-73 (in Chinese) [7] Jiaju Liu: Hydro-Science and Engineering.

The science and technology level of Shandong province is higher.
Tourism Circular Economic Development Developers Tourism Products Tourists Construction and Maintenance of Scenic Spots Infrastructure Construction Travel agency Tourist Hotel Natural Scenery Tour Marine Ecotourism Industrial Ecotourism Green Consumption Tour Traditional Cultural Tour Agricultural Sightseeing Tour Science Education Tour Green Visit Green Traffic Green Consumption Circular Tourism Ideas Energy Conservation Reduce Consumption Control Pollution Environmental Public Activities Reduce Recycle Reuse Environmental Impact Assessment Laws and Regulations Environmental Protection Tourism Circular Economic Development Fig. 1 Tourism Circular Economic Development Model 3.2 Differentiating in the Micro Regional Path The natural resource endowment in Shandong province is significant diversity.
In order to keep the sustainable development of the tourism in Shandong province, a rich variety of tourism models have been created in different region, such as natural landscape tourism, marine ecological tourism, industrial ecological tourism, shopping tourism, culture tourism, agricultural sightseeing tourism, science and education tourism, sport tourism, exploration tourism, business and exposition tourism, leisure and holiday tourism.
The natural resources and environment is the material basis for tourism development.
Sikdar (2009), ‘Sustainability and recycle-reuse in process systems’, Clean Techn 5nviron Policy (2007)9:167-174 [5] Zengwei Yuan, Jun Bi and Yuichi Moriguichi(2006), ‘The Circular Economy: A New Development Strategy in China’, Journal of Industrial Ecology (2006)10:4-10 [6] Mikael Skou Andersen(2007), ‘An Introductory Note on the Environmental Economics of the Circular Ecnnomic’, Sustain Sci (2007)2:133-140 [7] Rob F.

Deformation Analysis for Coal and Gas Outburst Cavity Qianting Hu1,2, Wenbin Wu1,2,a and Guoqiang Cheng3 1National Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Detecting，Preventing and Emergency Controlling, Chongqing,400037,China 2Chongqing Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Chongqing, 400039, China 3Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510,China a sdwenbinwu@gmail.com Keywords: Coal and Gas Outburst, Outburst Cavity, Transient Dynamics, Finite Element.
Mohr-Coulomb criterion meets the yield and failure properties of the geotechnical material.
Acknowledgement It is a project supported by the the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB201203-02) and National Science and Technology Major Projects (2011ZX05040-004); References [1] Hu Qianting: Study on the Mechanical Mechanism of Coal and Gas Outburst and its Application[Ph.D]( Beijing: China University of Mining and Technology, 2007), in Chinese
[7] Xiong Renqin.Discussion on Width of Plastic Zone in Coal Rib[J].Journal of China Coal and Society, Vol.1 (1989), p.16-22, in Chinese
[8] Yi Shun Min, Zhu Zhen De: Introduction Fractured Rock Mass Damage Mechanics(Beijing: Science Press, 2005), in Chinese.

Thermal Performance of School Buildings: A Case Study from Albania Elisa KECO1,a, Ulrich PONT2,b* and Ardeshir MAHDAVI2,c 1Graduate of Master of Building Science Programme, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria 2Department of Building Physics and Building Ecology, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13, Vienna, Austria aarch.elisa@gmail.com, bulrich.pont@tuwien.ac.at, camahdavi@tuwien.ac.at *corresponding author Keywords: Indoor thermal comfort, School buildings, heating demand, thermal retrofit, monitoring, Albania Abstract.
Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 15, 3; p 383-390
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Vol. 3, No 3., September 2016, p 44-48
Low Carbon Policy Paper NAMA on the implementation on the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) in Albania; available via http://www.locsee.eu/uploads/documents/policy_papers/LOCSEE_Policy %20paper_ Albania_final.pdf (last accessed: April 2017) [14] Albanian Ministry of Education and Science 2002.
Architectural/Engineering service to elaborate building material specifications and school furniture specification.

The length optimization of non-stayed cable segment to low-pylon cable-stayed bridge Hongtao Bi 1,a Yan Li2,b 1 Architecture and Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China, 150090 2 School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150090 a tianlei6408@163.com, b liyan2011@hit.edu.cn Keywords: Low-pylon cable-stayed bridge; Numerical analysis; Mechanical properties; Length of non-stayed cable segment ABSTRACT: An optimization model was proposed in order to investigate the effect of the non-stayed cable segment length on the performance of a low-pylon cable-stayed bridge.
Under the final state, the bending and tension-compression strain energy of the structure can be expressed as: (6) where S represents the total number of the girder and pylon elements, Li, Ei, Ii, Ai represent the length, material elastic modulus, moment of inertia and area of cross section, MLi, MRi，NLi，NRi represent the bending moment and axial force from two directions, Eq.6 can be changed as: (7) where: (8) (9) (10) where represent the vector composed by the bending moment and axial force of two directions under dead-load; represent the response matrix composed by the bending moment and axial force of two directions; [B],[C] are diagonal coefficient matrix.
Sichuan Building Science, 2010.36 (4):62~66 [7] PIKattan.
Journal of railway engineering society, 2005 (4): 39~42