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It has been found that the inadequacy of concrete cover ply is quite common and leading to severe reduction for structural durability.
The FICK's second law is thought best for simulating the chloride-induced corrosion of concrete: (5) In this study, the data of chloride-induced corrosion have been collected are relatively disperse, and there is no obvious other discipline found.
(a) Take samples (b) Analysis of data Fig.1 Change of chloride ion concentration along with the increase of the surface's distance Statistic analysis for the abrasion, bioerosion and chemical erosion The surface damage is mostly found in sluice pier, wich is frequently experience long-term abrasive erosion by water-borne sand, or(and) chemical corrosion by polluted water.
The inadequacy of concrete cover ply is quite common and leading to severe reduction for structural durability, so the construction quality is urgently needs to improve. 6.

Ultrasonic treatment of a preliminary deformed TiNi alloy in a fixed state promotes reduction of strain recovery at subsequent heating through the temperature interval of the reverse martensite transformation, i. e. some locking of the induced strain occurs during the ultrasonic treatment of material in a fixed state.
There is not enough published data correlating the ultrasonic influence on functional properties of shape memory materials.
Conclusion The following conclusions can be made from the obtained experimental data: – the ultrasonic treatment influences on shape recovery parameters of TiNi shape memory alloys: recovery strain increases after preliminary UST with the amplitude of mechanical stress ~ 25 МPа; – the sample heating dynamics has a non-monotonic nature during the ultrasonic processing: there is an abrupt increase in temperature for the first few seconds of switching ultrasound on, then the decrease follows to some value and stays practically constant till the moment of switching ultrasound off; – the ultrasonic influence on shape recovery parameters of TiNi shape memory alloys after preliminary martensitic deformation and ultrasonic treatment in a fixed state was determined: the strain recovery is reduced with an increase in the applied USVs amplitude; – the extension of shape recovery temperature range for the first thermal cycle, as well as the dependence of strain recovery temperature dynamics on
the power of ultrasonic influence were observed after ultrasonic treatment of TiNi alloy; – the ultrasonic treatment of TiNi alloy in a fixed state after preliminary martensitic deformation causes reduction of the phase yield stress with increase in capacity of ultrasonic influence and also contributes to increase of recovery strain upon the subsequent heating.

Note: The energy consumption data of the train's air conditioning, lighting and other auxiliary system in the research have been included in the vehicle energy consumption
The data in 2009 obtained by the survey become the base of inertial model and through prediction for the parameters of calculation model, the prospective prognosis of traffic energy consumption and carbon emissions in Beijing has been carried out
(7) is the total station energy consumption (million kwh); is the station energy consumption of line i (million kwh); , , is respectively the number of station of ground open system, underground open system and platform door system; , , is respectively the average energy consumption of each kind of station According to the statistical data in 2009 provided by Beijing Subway Operation Company, the average energy consumption per month for the three classification station in air-conditioning month(June to September) and non-air-conditioning month were obtained, as shown in table 7.
If the low-carbontraffic policies, such as limitation of the car amount, adjustment of travel mode, reduction of rail transit energy consumption and trip time of car, are implemented, transport energy consumpation and carbon emission can be reduced up to 16%, which will be benefit to the development of low-carbontraffic.
Han, H.W.Wang: Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction of Natural Gas Based Alternative Vehicle Fuels.

Sheltering effect was exhibited by the seaward macroroughness elements, showing significant reduction in the front face pressures.
All data were recorded at the sampling rates of 50 Hz except for the flow velocity (40 Hz).
Baseline condition (Case 1) as shown in Fig. 3 was first tested and used as reference data for comparison.
The pressures are found to be reduced relative to the baseline and the reduction percentage is getting slightly higher for the pressure at higher level.

The time series of wave data were measured from the sample with an internal flaw and could be converted to 3D-images of the internal flaw using the response function successfully.
The amount of calculation to derive the distribution function of the reflection coefficient from the measured signal data can be significantly decreased by Fourier transformation [7].
The time series of data was sampled by an EMAT probe with an operating frequency of 5 MHz and AD/C (Analog-digital conerter: Aqiris DP214) at 400 MHz.
The observed time series of data was very noisy (Fig. 4 (a)) because of Barkhausen effect and required signal processing to identify the signal reflected from the internal flaw.
An example of the time series of data invese-solved using Eq.5 is presented in Figs.10 (a) and (b).　

Introduction China is facing unprecedented pressure on CO2 emission reduction.
According to the data of Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, China has become the world's second largest country on CO2 emissions after the United States[1], while the U.S.
The Data Selection and Processing On economic growth and energy consumption analysis,we choose GDP and energy consumption as variables.
In order to eliminate data heteroscedasticity, we use logarithmic data.
Data from China Statistical Yearbook 2009 and the National Bureau of Statistics Web site.

Energy demand reduction in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation.
Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation.
The calculated data from the 2-D method represents heat loss for all details.

The test results displayed that the settlement reduction ratio of the stone column ranged from 1.12 to 2.18.
Each test was thoroughly instrumented to collect critical data about the load-support mechanism.
After preparing the test sample mold, an earth pressure cell (EPC), with a capacity of up to 1 MPa, was installed to monitor stress data.
This system collected data on the stress within the composite ground, the settlement, and the excess pore pressure.
Stress-Time The stresses on the column and soil were measured using data from sensors installed beneath each respective layer.

The emission and consumption data were recorded in the same way.
All data is converted with the functional unit.
Fig. 1 System boundary diagram CO2 Data Collection.
All data of the raw material consumption, the energy consumption and the air pollutant emissions were converted to the environmental load data of functional unit, which were showed in Table 2.
And those valid data was unable to be obtained and were not taken into account.

The alterations of electrospinning voltage and flow rate also impacted on the reduction of fiber diameter and wettability, which highlights the membrane’s potential for further cell attachment and bone regeneration.
The resulting data were subsequently analyzed using OriginPro software (OriginLab, USA) to identify the active functional groups and characteristic peaks present in the electrospun membranes.
Consistent with previous studies, the data in Table 2 demonstrate that the membranes with higher voltage (PCL/estradiol C) have the smallest average fiber diameter among the other membranes.
Reduction in nanofiber diameter due to difference applications of voltage and flow rate has also further improved the membrane’s wettability.