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Geo-Polymerization as an Eco-Friendly Solution for Cleaner Environment (A Critical Review) Aderinto G.B.1,a, Katte V.Y.2,b*, Ikotun J.O.1,c and Ikotun B.D.3,d 1Department of Civil Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Pietermaritzburg, P.O Box 3201, South Africa 1Department of Civil Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Pietermaritzburg, P.O Box 3201, South Africa 2*Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Namibia, Ongwediva P.O Box 3634, Namibia 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Building Science, University of South Africa, Johannesburg P.O Box 1710, South Africa 22176502@dut4life.ac.za, aaderintogbenga@gmail.com, bvkatte@unam.na. cjacobi@dut.ac.za, dikotubd@unisa.ac.za Keywords: geopolymerization, geopolymers, environmental impact, civil constructions, environmental impact, innovations.
For Civil Engineering applications, this review is limited to MSW and IW.
Despite the growing body of research on geopolymers, there remains a critical need for a comprehensive know-how that addresses their long-term environmental concerns and sustainability in civil construction.
Conclusion and Recommendation Geopolymer binder holds paramount importance in the future of civil engineering construction due to its environmental sustainability and the potential to mitigate challenges associated with traditional Portland cement-based concrete, mortar, and paste.
[40] Jwaida Z, Dulaimi A, Mashaan N and Othuman Mydin M A 2023 Geopolymers: The Green Alternative to Traditional Materials for Engineering Applications Infrastructures 8 98

Hamid Nikraz 2, b 1PhD candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia; Tel: +61-413165961; Fax: +61 8 9266 2681 2Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia; Tel: +61 8 9266 7573; Fax: +61 8 9266 2681 a Email: amin.chegenizadeh@postgrad.curtin.edu.au, b Email: H.Nikraz@curtin.edu.au Keywords: Composite, soil, Compaction, Fiber.
Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills.
Standard compaction method is widely used in geotechnical engineering.
The first engineering graph is related to effect of fiber dosage on compaction curve of composite soil.
[4] Gray, D.H. and Ohashi, H. (1983) Mechanics of Fiber Reinforcement in Sand, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 335-353

Hamid Nikraz 2, b 1PhD candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia 2Prof.
Hamid Nikraz, Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia a amin.chegenizadeh@postgrad.curtin.edu.au, b H.Nikraz@curtin.edu.au Key words: Direct shear, Reinforced, Fiber, Sand Abstract.
Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills.
Ng. & Tang, C. (2006) Effect of polypropylene fibre and lime admixture on engineering properties of clayey soil, Engineering Geology 87, 230– 240
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 1-9

Research on the relationship between thermal conductivity and porosity during carbonation of cement materials Son Tung Pham1,2 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Hochiminh city, Vietnam.
Email: phamsontung@tdt.edu.vn ; phamsontung82@yahoo.com 2Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences, 35000 Rennes, France.
The objective of this work was to examine the relationships that may exist between porosity and thermal conductivity with particular reference to normalized cement mortar which is most commonly found in civil engineering.
Baroghel-Bouny, Conception des bétons pour une durée de vie donnée des ouvrages – Maîtrise de la durabilité vis-à-vis de la corrosion des armatures et de l’alcali réaction – Etat de l’art et guide pour la mise en œuvre d’une approche performantielle sur la base d’indicateurs de durabilité, Association française de Génie Civil, 2004

Preface The present book includes a set of selected papers from The 2011 International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation (ICCET 2011), held in Jinan, China, from 14 to 16 October 2011, sponsored by School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University; School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology; School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Appraisal and Retrofitting in Building Structures.
The conference was organized in four simultaneous tracks: "Advances in Civil Engineering", "Advances in Structural Engineering", "Advanced Transportation" and "Architecture and Building Materials".
This book covers the subject areas of Road and Railway Engineering, Transportation Planning, Construction and Operation Organization, Modern Logistics System Planning and Optimization, Vehicle Engineering, Carrier Operation Engineering, ITS Theory and Applications, Traffic Control and Information Technology, Transportation and Social Economic Development, Low-carbon Transportation Technology and Urban Transportation Planning and Management.
Shucai Li Shandong University, China The 2011 International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation (ICCET 2011) Organized by: School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, China Co-organized by: School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Appraisal and Retrofitting in Building Structures Conference Organization Chairman Prof.

The 72 papers are grouped as follows:
Chapter 1: Technologies of Sustainable Development in Civil Engineering, Transportation and Urban Planning;
Chapter 2: Materials and Technologies for a Sustainable Development;
Chapter 3: Advanced Decisions in Mechanical Engineering;
Chapter 4: Application of Alternative Energy and Information Technologies Keyword: Sustainable, Development, Constraction, Green Technology, Emission, Environment Friendly Material, Composite, Alternative Energy

The engineering application of free form structures derived by structural morphogenesis methods Changyu CUI1, a, Baoshi JIANG2, b and Hongyan ZHENG3, c 1 School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China acuichangyu1963@yahoo.com.cn, blanbaoshi-hit@qq.com, cannzhenghongyan@163.com Keywords: structural optimization, Extended-ESO method, free form structure, structural morphogenesis, height adjusting method Abstract.
In this way, the height adjusting method and Extended-ESO method could be applied in practical engineering.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1988, 71：197- 224 [2] Eschenauer H A, Kobelev V V, Schumacher A.
An advanced morphogenesis technique of curved shell with arbitrary geometry——Height adjusting method and its application in engineering practice, China Civil Engineering Journal Vol . 39 No. 12 Dec. 2006, 1-6
China Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 39 No. 10 Oct. 2006:42-47.

By setting finite electrodes on the edge of the sensitive layer, the stress field of tested structure is transformed to electric field which is apt to be tested, and with resistivity tomography technology (ERT), field(global) monitoring on civil engineering structure can be realized.
Introduction With development of smart materials and sensor technology, it is possible to diagnose and supervise security service characteristics of critical civil engineering [1].
With conductivity and piezoresistivity of smart materials and resistivity tomography, it is hopeful to realize visible field monitoring on civil engineering structure.
Generally, in researching methods of civil engineering structure health monitoring and diagnosing, in order to get rich experiment data, it is necessary to conduct a large number of simulation experiments with different sensors parameters and complicated loading condition; but they were usually limited by the hardware condition, model structure difficulty and resulted in large consumption of resources.
To study on civil engineering structure health monitoring and avoid impact resulting from measuring difference caused by misc factors in experiment, virtual experiment becomes the first solution.

She works in the Department of Architectural Engineering of Quzhou College.
TEL:13967017978 mail:hyhzju@126.com Address: Department of Architectural Engineering, Quzhou College, Jiuhua North Road 78#,Kecheng District, Quzhou, Zhejiang.
The technology of strengthening RC beam with CFRP sheets is now a hotspot of research in civil engineering.
This is an issue which needs advanced study in civil engineering.
The 2nd National Civil Engineering of academic treatise anthology on applied technology of FRP.

The test method employed was an adaptation of the falling head method used for the measurement of permeability of soils (formerly included in BS 1377, “Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes”).
Institution of Civil Engineers – Paper No. 9005 (April 1986)
Civil Aviation Authority - London.
Journal of Transportation Engineering.
American Society of Civil Engineers Vol. 112.