Search results

Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state.
Properties and relevant materials data for the unidirectional lamina and interface material are derived from published work on similar CFRP composite laminates [2,8,9].
Table 1 Materials data for unidirectional lamina and interface damage model Lamina constants Interface properties E1 105.5 GPa E 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G1 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G2 1.0 x 106 MPa G12 3.4 GPa G13 3.4 GPa Materials data for damage model G23 2.52 GPa N0 = 26.12 MPa G1C = 0.26 N/mm n12 0.34 T0 = 14.57 MPa G2C = 0.52 N/mm n13 0.34 S0 = 14.57 MPa G3C = 0.52 N/mm n23 0.378 h = 1.45 A finite element model of the CFRP composite specimen under the three-point-bend test set-up is illustrated in Fig. 2(a).
Results show that: - Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state

However, we need to track their health state even if we have not history data.
We can use normal data to train the HMM.
Vibration data was collected every 20 minutes by a National Instruments DAQCard-6062E data acquisition card.
The data sampling rate is 20 kHz and the data length is 20480 points.
But the extraction is the process of information dimensionality reduction.

Results comparison of the two methods applied revealed a reduction of the preliminary estimated remaining live obtained using metallographic replica analysis.
The "Coxing chamber" has the following dimensional and technical characteristics (figure 1): - Interior diameter: D = 6200 mm - The calculus length of the cylindrical element: L = 18500 mm - Nominal volume: V = 687 m3 - Upper / lower bottom: Spherical / Conical reduction - Thickness projected (W 1.5423 steel) Sp = 25 mm - Addition for operating conditions (lining of X6CrAl13 steel, W1.4002): C1 = 3 mm - Maximum allowable pressure: PS = 0,5 MPa - Working pressure: PL= 0,4 MPa - Hydraulic test pressure (top level): Pînc.=1,45 MPa - Admissible temperature / maximum permissible: TSmin / TSmax = +15 / +485 °C - Minimum temperature / maximum for work: Tmin / Tmax = +30 / +475 °C - Number of operating cycles: Nc = 3380 cycles - Total operating hours: Nt = 144882 hours - Thermal isolation: 250/200 mm; Figure 1 The aspect of the coxing chamber (box) 2.
Material 16Mo3 Test Data Test Name Temperature Stress Strain Time Selected 1 480 300 rupt. 2740 YES 2 480 300 rupt. 2620 YES 7 480 255 rupt. 2888 YES 8 480 255 rupt. 2746 YES 11 500 200 rupt. 2813 YES 5 500 255 rupt. 2728 YES 6 500 255 rupt. 2674 YES 12 500 200 rupt. 2722 YES 9 520 200 rupt. 2680 YES 16 520 300 rupt. 1483 YES 15 520 300 rupt. 1390 YES 10 520 255 rupt. 2748 YES 14
Conference on Cyclic Operation of power plat, Institute of Materials (IOM3) London, 27-28 September 2007; [3] * * * Expert system iRis-Power, iRis-Institute, Stuttgart, 2007; [4] * * * ASTM E 606: Constant amplitude low-cycle fatigue testing; [5] * * * GOST 25.505-05: Metod ispîtanii na malo]iklovii ustalosti pri termomehaniceskom nagrujenii; [6] * * * ASTM E 739-06: Statistical analysis of linear or linearized stress-life (S-N) and strain-life (e-N) fatigue data.

In addition to significant reduction in grain size, strong <0002> fiber texture inclined at an angle ~ 45o from the extrusion axis formed in the material.
Introduction Because of their lowest density amongst the structural materials and significant reduction in weight, magnesium alloys have very high potential to be used in automobile, aerospace and electronics industries [1].
The data processing was carried out with TSL software.
In addition to a detailed boundary characterization described above, the extent of twinning was estimated from the analysis of EBSD data.

The mold temperature reduction from 550 °C to 450 °C leads to the grain size decrease and the little yield strength increase.
Such approach allows getting the most accurate information using a minimum volume of experimental data.
Table 1 presents data about the studied parameters taking into account the zero level, the varying intervals, as well as the upper and lower levels.
The reduction from 550 to 450 ° C contributes to decrease the grain size (20-25%) and increase lightly σ0,2 (no more than 10%).

The formation of agglomerates or clusters results in a reduction in the number and an increase in the size of particles, both of which directly affect the frequency of inter-particle collisions and, in turn, the particle phase properties such as viscosity and pressure, as well as gas/particle drag force in gas/particle flow systems.
Moreover, the experimental data on particle fluctuating velocity using LDA by Zhang et al.[5] showed the significance of fluctuating velocity in identifying the particulate phase flow patterns in agglomerating or clustering particle flow systems.
Savage and Jeffrey showed good agreement between their theoretical prediction and the experimental data at 7.1=tR [8], and Lun also reported that tR can be of the order one when the collision becomes relatively less elastic[9].
S Chou: A Theory for Grain-Size Reduction in Granular Flows of Spheres, J.

Those skin sheets have complex shapes which include mainly machine milled thickness reduction area called pockets, thickness tapers, cutouts for the windows and doors.
Using data set of shim thicknesses based on current process with specified geometry of the die and the punch as the stroke amount for the variable punches would not works well.
In addition, no one has sufficient data of preferable shim thickness to apply newly designed skins.
It provides significant improvement in an accuracy and great reduction in a manufacturing time compared to the conventional methods.

The Smart Cut™ technology enables the combination of a high quality single crystal SiC layer onto a low resistivity handle wafer (<5mOhm.cm), allowing device optimization as well as the reduction of device’s conduction and switching losses.
The most commonly used method to form an ohmic contact to SiC devices, mainly to contact a device from its back side, includes the deposition of a metal layer followed by an annealing (at approximately 1000°C) to induce a reaction of the metal with the SiC (i.e. with the formation of silicides, carbides, or ternary phases), with a consequent reduction of the barrier height or the barrier thickness [8].
Fig. 1a: Sheet resistance of 70 nm NiAl2.6% on 4H-SiC substrate as-deposited with 225 data points measured.
Fig. 2b: Sheet resistance of laser annealed 70 nm NiSi on 4H-SiC substrate with different laser energies, ranging from 2.3 – 3.3 J/cm² and a non-annealed area with 625 data points measured.

Owning to an effect of increment of damping device with the new type lead dampers, there is a reduction by 40% above in the maximum root stress of porcelain bushing.
Thus the fashion of vibration-reduction control of the dampers is to provide additional damping to the equipments.
Table 4 provides the data of time history of stress at the root of porcelain bushing by random seismic wave with different amplitude.
It changes dynamic performance of 1100kv porcelain arrester after being established , resulting in a reduction of stress of the root of porcelain bushing by more than 40%, as well as an obvious reduction of replacement of the equipment top at the same time.

The side impact bar geometry was optimized till reaching the shape guaranteeing the obtainment of safe parts with the best compromise in terms of final part geometry and thickness reduction.
The main advantages related with sheet hydroforming technique are better deformation field in the sheet due to the fluid pressure that helps the material flow and the stress state from pure traction becomes traction plus compression; a more homogeneous thickness distribution due to an improved deformation state; the possibility of using pre-treated sheets so reducing the cycle time; a cost reduction in die material: the tools are less stressed and worn so a cheaper steel can be used.
In fact, the good characteristics of a foam based component [4, 5], that is the reduction of weight and the energy absorption capacity, can be further improved by shaping the component in a suitable way.
The side impact bar geometry was modified till reaching the shape guaranteeing the obtainment of safe parts with the best compromise in terms of final part geometry and thickness reduction.
In fact, the data reported in Table 1 refer to test performed on sheet specimens, while in this research welded tubes were used.