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Online since: September 2015
Authors: Ferri M.H.Aliabadi, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, Marco Thiene
Sensitivity to noise
Noise is one of the parameters which can affect the signals significantly, in particular if the data is acquired in harsh conditions such as in flight.
Most of the available research adds the same noise levels to both baseline and current data which does not consider the uncertainty in the data.
The main reason is given by the reduction of the amplitude of the wave.
When determining the scattered signal at each sensor, the effects of the amplitude reduction due to bonding are mixed with the reflections due to damage, so that the precision of the methodology decreases.Therefore, to increase the reliability of the detection algorithm it is highly recommended to check the integrity of the bonding for each transducer prior to interrogation via Electro-mechanical impedance technique [10].
Numerical data were generated simulating lamb wave actuation and sensing.
Most of the available research adds the same noise levels to both baseline and current data which does not consider the uncertainty in the data.
The main reason is given by the reduction of the amplitude of the wave.
When determining the scattered signal at each sensor, the effects of the amplitude reduction due to bonding are mixed with the reflections due to damage, so that the precision of the methodology decreases.Therefore, to increase the reliability of the detection algorithm it is highly recommended to check the integrity of the bonding for each transducer prior to interrogation via Electro-mechanical impedance technique [10].
Numerical data were generated simulating lamb wave actuation and sensing.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Jing Zhao Li, Yu E Lin, Xing Zhu Liang
The objective of feature extraction is to project high-dimensional data into low-dimensional subspace so that the face image samples are made more compact and useful for classification in the transformed subspace.
Therefore the PCA method is optimal for data reconstruction, but not for discriminant analysis.
In Section 3, the dimensionality reduction method of 2DOUDP is presented.
Defining affinity matrix is as follows (1) Where represents the neighborhood relation between data sampleand .
From Table 1, we find that 2DOUDP is the most efficient dimensionality reduction method, and is much more efficient than with UDP and OLPP.
Therefore the PCA method is optimal for data reconstruction, but not for discriminant analysis.
In Section 3, the dimensionality reduction method of 2DOUDP is presented.
Defining affinity matrix is as follows (1) Where represents the neighborhood relation between data sampleand .
From Table 1, we find that 2DOUDP is the most efficient dimensionality reduction method, and is much more efficient than with UDP and OLPP.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Gang Xie, Sha Lin, Li Li Zhang, Gang Wu, Wei Zhang, Deng Feng Ju, Hui Jun Hao, Qing Zhen Du
(3)Core displacement measurement.①Single core displacement measurement:Break-through pressure grade, water plugging rate and water flushing resistance ability measured with different permeability cores.②Parallel cores displacement measurement: injected water plugging agent to high permeability core,then flushed the parallel cores, recorded the outlet velocity data of the two cores, evaluated the adaptability of reservoir with different permeability ratio for different water plugging agent.
Experimental results 4.1 Optimum formula.50~60% resin+0.3~0.5%sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate/0.2~0.5% Octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride+0.1%CMC+0.1~0.15%mineral salt+1~5% paraffin + water 4.2 Performance data.Density 1.05~1.10 g/cm3,oil solubility>95%,acid solubility<2%,particle size range1~5μm,viscosity 2mPa.s,permitted temperature range40 ~130℃. 4.3 Core displacement measurement.①Single core displacement measurement.Flooded the single core with 200 pore-volume water after injected 2 pore-volume plugging agent.
Table 2 Data of single core flooding Core number Plugging agent type Core permeability [mD] Water plugging rate after flooding with100 pore-volume water[%] Core length [cm] Break-through pressure grade [MPa.m-1] Before plugging After plugging 23 emulsified heavy oil 1534 89 82.1 7.99 10 27 oil-in-water emulsion 1538 21 97.0 7.99 26 Permeability,mD Volume of water flooding,pv No.23 No.27 No.
The cumulative water reduction of Ren-467 is 23788.0m3 after water plugging construction, the cumulative oil increment is 771.58t.
The cumulative water reduction of Ren-454 is 8742.93m3 after water plugging,the cumulative oil increment is 90t.
Experimental results 4.1 Optimum formula.50~60% resin+0.3~0.5%sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate/0.2~0.5% Octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride+0.1%CMC+0.1~0.15%mineral salt+1~5% paraffin + water 4.2 Performance data.Density 1.05~1.10 g/cm3,oil solubility>95%,acid solubility<2%,particle size range1~5μm,viscosity 2mPa.s,permitted temperature range40 ~130℃. 4.3 Core displacement measurement.①Single core displacement measurement.Flooded the single core with 200 pore-volume water after injected 2 pore-volume plugging agent.
Table 2 Data of single core flooding Core number Plugging agent type Core permeability [mD] Water plugging rate after flooding with100 pore-volume water[%] Core length [cm] Break-through pressure grade [MPa.m-1] Before plugging After plugging 23 emulsified heavy oil 1534 89 82.1 7.99 10 27 oil-in-water emulsion 1538 21 97.0 7.99 26 Permeability,mD Volume of water flooding,pv No.23 No.27 No.
The cumulative water reduction of Ren-467 is 23788.0m3 after water plugging construction, the cumulative oil increment is 771.58t.
The cumulative water reduction of Ren-454 is 8742.93m3 after water plugging,the cumulative oil increment is 90t.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Manish Kewalramani, Osama Ahmed Mohamed, Waddah Al Hawat
Experimental data was based on standard 150 mm x 300 mm cylinders and 150 mm x 150 mm x 500 mm prisms.
The high value of R2 = 0.9 indicates strong correlation between the experimental data and prediction formula
Data points used for proposed empirical relation between flexural strength and splitting tensile strength.
Another regression analysis was performed on the same data set shown in Table 3 to derive the coefficient, k, when the power n = 0.5.
Schutter, Modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of self-compacting concrete: Survey of experimental data and structural design codes, Cem.
The high value of R2 = 0.9 indicates strong correlation between the experimental data and prediction formula
Data points used for proposed empirical relation between flexural strength and splitting tensile strength.
Another regression analysis was performed on the same data set shown in Table 3 to derive the coefficient, k, when the power n = 0.5.
Schutter, Modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of self-compacting concrete: Survey of experimental data and structural design codes, Cem.
KCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of the Austenitic Stainless Steel 304L – The Influence of SO2
Online since: September 2011
Authors: S. Karlsson, J.E. Svensson, L.G. Johansson, J. Pettersson
The addition of 300 ppm SO2 to the O2+H2O and O2+H2O+KCl environments results in a drastic reduction of corrosion rate.
In O2+H2O environment the effect of SO2 is attributed to the formation of a thin sulphate film on the oxide surface that impedes chromium volatilization and decreases the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
The effect of surface sulphate was suggested to be twofold, reducing the evaporation of CrO2(OH)2 and decreasing the rate of reduction of oxygen by blocking active sites [7].
The adsorbed sulphate is suggested to slow down chromium volatilization and to decrease the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
Barin, I., Thermodynamic Data of Pure Substances.
In O2+H2O environment the effect of SO2 is attributed to the formation of a thin sulphate film on the oxide surface that impedes chromium volatilization and decreases the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
The effect of surface sulphate was suggested to be twofold, reducing the evaporation of CrO2(OH)2 and decreasing the rate of reduction of oxygen by blocking active sites [7].
The adsorbed sulphate is suggested to slow down chromium volatilization and to decrease the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
Barin, I., Thermodynamic Data of Pure Substances.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Nadia Bhuiyan, Shahram Sharifi, Satyaveer S. Chauhan
Even with a cellular manufacturing configuration, reduction of setup time is not fully insured and needs to be explicitly targeted.
This information in companies is usually obtained from route sheets where the MCIM data is also obtained.
It is obvious for a sequence-independent setup time that the corresponding input data for and will simply be equal.
“CLASS: An algorithm for cellular manufacturing system and layout design using sequence data”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 24 , 488–497, 2008 [6] Cox, III, J.F.; Blackstone, J.H.; Spencer, M.S., APICS dictionary, 8t ed., Fall Church, VA, 1995 [7] LaScola Needy, K.; Billo, R.
This information in companies is usually obtained from route sheets where the MCIM data is also obtained.
It is obvious for a sequence-independent setup time that the corresponding input data for and will simply be equal.
“CLASS: An algorithm for cellular manufacturing system and layout design using sequence data”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 24 , 488–497, 2008 [6] Cox, III, J.F.; Blackstone, J.H.; Spencer, M.S., APICS dictionary, 8t ed., Fall Church, VA, 1995 [7] LaScola Needy, K.; Billo, R.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Mohd Nasir Tamin, S.S.R. Koloor, A. Abdul-Latif
Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state.
Properties and relevant materials data for the unidirectional lamina and interface material are derived from published work on similar CFRP composite laminates [2,8,9].
Table 1 Materials data for unidirectional lamina and interface damage model Lamina constants Interface properties E1 105.5 GPa E 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G1 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G2 1.0 x 106 MPa G12 3.4 GPa G13 3.4 GPa Materials data for damage model G23 2.52 GPa N0 = 26.12 MPa G1C = 0.26 N/mm n12 0.34 T0 = 14.57 MPa G2C = 0.52 N/mm n13 0.34 S0 = 14.57 MPa G3C = 0.52 N/mm n23 0.378 h = 1.45 A finite element model of the CFRP composite specimen under the three-point-bend test set-up is illustrated in Fig. 2(a).
Results show that: - Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state
Properties and relevant materials data for the unidirectional lamina and interface material are derived from published work on similar CFRP composite laminates [2,8,9].
Table 1 Materials data for unidirectional lamina and interface damage model Lamina constants Interface properties E1 105.5 GPa E 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G1 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G2 1.0 x 106 MPa G12 3.4 GPa G13 3.4 GPa Materials data for damage model G23 2.52 GPa N0 = 26.12 MPa G1C = 0.26 N/mm n12 0.34 T0 = 14.57 MPa G2C = 0.52 N/mm n13 0.34 S0 = 14.57 MPa G3C = 0.52 N/mm n23 0.378 h = 1.45 A finite element model of the CFRP composite specimen under the three-point-bend test set-up is illustrated in Fig. 2(a).
Results show that: - Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state
Online since: October 2009
Authors: H. Ohyama, Charalamos A. Londos, Gagik A. Oganesyan, Andrzej Misiuk, Valentin V. Emtsev, A. Andrianakis
Thermal treatments at 1000
o
C result in a reduction of the production rate
of the VO defect.
As it is observed from Fig.5 and the data cited in Table I, the concentration of the defect is decreased in the HT sample at 1000 o C in comparison with that of the untreated one, although the concentration of VO increases when pressure is applied taking a value practically equal to that of the untreated sample.
The application of pressure at 1130 o C allows conditions at the interface that increase the availability of SiI's in the course of irradiation, leading to a reduction of the VO production (Fig.6).
Thus enhancement of the second reaction entails a reduction in the production of the VO2 defect.
Our data suggest that the release of SiI's from the Si/SiOx interface affects the production of the VO defect.
As it is observed from Fig.5 and the data cited in Table I, the concentration of the defect is decreased in the HT sample at 1000 o C in comparison with that of the untreated one, although the concentration of VO increases when pressure is applied taking a value practically equal to that of the untreated sample.
The application of pressure at 1130 o C allows conditions at the interface that increase the availability of SiI's in the course of irradiation, leading to a reduction of the VO production (Fig.6).
Thus enhancement of the second reaction entails a reduction in the production of the VO2 defect.
Our data suggest that the release of SiI's from the Si/SiOx interface affects the production of the VO defect.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Hao Wang, Dian Ren Chen, Sha Sha
The method is simple and practical, the hardware resources is relatively less, high transmission efficiency , suitable for low data rate data encryption of small wireless data transmission system, can be widely used in various kinds of terminal positioning and small digital wireless receiving system.
1.
The entry of the DES algorithm has three parameters: the Data, the Key and Mode. 64 a total of 8 bytes of the Key, the Key is to work; A 64 - bit, 8 bytes for the Data to be encrypted or decrypted Data; Mode is the way of DES-working, have two kinds: encryption or decryption.
Tis is the way how DES algorithm works: if the Mode for encryption, than use the Key to encrypt the Data , generated password form of Data (64) as the output of the DES; If Mode for decryption, use the Key to the password form Data decryption of Data reduction for Data clearly form on the (64) as the output of DES.
Consistent with the Key in the ends of the communication, the two sides, the communication of source point with Key to DES encryption of core data, and then in the form of a password in the process of public communication transmission to the finish line, data on arrival, with the same Key to decrypt the password data, and recreates the plain code forms the core of the data.
Due to the operation of the data in the access operation is frequent, place the data in DARAM space, which is accessed twice each cycle,can reduce the process of conflict problems in the execution, improve the efficiency of code execution.
The entry of the DES algorithm has three parameters: the Data, the Key and Mode. 64 a total of 8 bytes of the Key, the Key is to work; A 64 - bit, 8 bytes for the Data to be encrypted or decrypted Data; Mode is the way of DES-working, have two kinds: encryption or decryption.
Tis is the way how DES algorithm works: if the Mode for encryption, than use the Key to encrypt the Data , generated password form of Data (64) as the output of the DES; If Mode for decryption, use the Key to the password form Data decryption of Data reduction for Data clearly form on the (64) as the output of DES.
Consistent with the Key in the ends of the communication, the two sides, the communication of source point with Key to DES encryption of core data, and then in the form of a password in the process of public communication transmission to the finish line, data on arrival, with the same Key to decrypt the password data, and recreates the plain code forms the core of the data.
Due to the operation of the data in the access operation is frequent, place the data in DARAM space, which is accessed twice each cycle,can reduce the process of conflict problems in the execution, improve the efficiency of code execution.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Shou Lin Zhu, Hang Tian Li, Chun Hua Qi, Ming Xing Gao, Guo Zhong Wang
During the process the ECG data is consecutively recorded, the vehicle speed is measured by the GPS.
In order to ensure the accuracy of experiment data, thinking of emergencies recorded during the experiment, before the data analysis noise reduction of the part of the data distortion is performed.
Filtering distorted data not only enhances the active ingredient in the ECG, but also eliminates noise and artifact.
The data filter is set by the matching AcqKnowledge software of MP150 Physiological recorder.
After preprocessing data, experimental data is picked up and analyzed by AcqKnowledge software.
In order to ensure the accuracy of experiment data, thinking of emergencies recorded during the experiment, before the data analysis noise reduction of the part of the data distortion is performed.
Filtering distorted data not only enhances the active ingredient in the ECG, but also eliminates noise and artifact.
The data filter is set by the matching AcqKnowledge software of MP150 Physiological recorder.
After preprocessing data, experimental data is picked up and analyzed by AcqKnowledge software.