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The ECAE process affects the material's shape memory behavior via microstructural refinement.
Introduction Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have unique thermal and mechanical properties when deformed below their martensitic transformation temperatures.
Many experts demonstrated that these remarkable grain refinements lead to improvements in physical and mechanical properties on the as-processed materials [8].
On the other hand, solution heat treat of Ni-Ti-Pd will affect Mf the most without much change in Af (and hence reduces ∆T), as compared with the as-cast Ni-Ti-Pd.
The presence of highdensity twins in ECAE processed alloys may be a contributing factor for increases in Mf and Af and ∆T.

Analysis of biodiesel properties 2..5.1.
The analysis showed that the values of p for all the main and interacted factors were less than 0.05 indicating that the factors statistically significant remembering that the smaller the values of p means the larger the statistical significance for the factors [57].
Properties of biodiesel Biodiesel properties from sewage sludge was compared to the standard properties of biodiesel according to the specifications ASTM D 6751-2 and showed an accepted properties according to the specifications.
The analysis showed that the values of p for all the main and interacted factors were less than 0.05 indicating that the factors statistically significant remembering that the smaller the values of p means the larger the statistical significance for the factors. 6.
The biodiesel properties from sewage sludge was compared to the standard properties of biodiesel according to the specifications ASTM D 6751-2 and showed an accepted properties according to the specifications. 11.

This innovative material has been recently developed and it exhibits unique mechanical properties towards their application in biomedical technology.
Introduction The main challenge of the implant technology is the development of a new generation of light materials with enhanced mechanical properties, wear resistant and with an improved biological response.
With this aim, biomorphic silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are very promising as a base material for dental and orthopaedic implants due to its excellent mechanical and morphological properties [1].
This innovation introduces two beneficial factors: first, the versatility for the fabrication of complex shapes, because it will only require the shaping of the wood or carbon templates, and secondly, the high strength and toughness associated with the fibrous nature of the wood.
The SiC ceramics retain the micro structural details of the biostructure-derived carbon pre-forms and allows the tailoring of a wide range of SiC ceramics with optimized microstructure and properties close to those of the tissue to be repaired.

Mickiewicza 30, Poland aggorny@agh.edu.pl, broman.pampuch@neostrada.pl, cstobier@agh.edu.pl, dPawel.Rutkowski@agh.edu.pl Keywords: high-seed cutting, alumina, silicon nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, solid lubricant, ceramic composites, mechanical properties Abstract.
Frictional and mechanical properties of hot-pressed Al2O3 and Si3N4 - matrix composites containing up to 5 vol. % hexagonal BN as a solid lubricant.
Properties on the improvement of which depends an increase of cutting speed and depth of cut are shown in Fig.1.
Fig. 1 Changes of cutting tool materials properties required for increase of cutting speed and feed rate (after various sources).
Results and their discussion Data for coefficient of friction and mechanical properties of the composites studied are illustrated in Figs. 3 – 7.

Preparation of Fe-Cu-Based Friction Material and its Adoption in Automobile Mechanical Mechanism Hao Li*, Bo He Guang'an Vocational and Technical College, Guang'an, Sichuan, China *Corresponding author e-mail: 529674144@qq.com Keywords: Fe-Cu-based friction material; automobile mechanical mechanism; carbon fiber; friction and wear.
Based on the above factors, in this study, the advantages of Fe-based and Cu-based friction materials are combined to prepare Fe-Cu-based friction materials that are of high temperature resistance for automotive machinery.
It owns the advantages of high temperature resistance of Fe-based friction materials, and also of good thermal conductivity and friction coefficient, which means it can be widely used in mechanical mechanisms.
Table 2 Properties of Fe-Cu-based friction materials with different carbon fiber content Carbon fiber content (%) 0 2 4 6 8 Actual density (g/cm3) 5.04 5.41 5.01 4.87 4.62 Theoretical density (g/cm3) 6.24 5.85 5.63 5.35 5.04 Density (%) 85.3 93.3 89.7 86.1 80.76 Porosity (%) 17.2 7.1 10.0 13.4 14.2 Hardness (HV) 83.4 118.1 120.2 89.7 103.2 The shear strength and impact strength of friction-based materials added with concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% carbon fiber are tested respectively.
Only the carbon fiber factors that affect the friction and wear resistance of Fe-Cu-based friction materials are studied.

Synthesized bone tissues must have mechanical, physiological and biological properties closer to natural bone, as much as possible.
Bioceramics are materials which fulfill these conditions, being biocompatible with mechanical strength similar to bone.
In order to improve mechanical properties and biological compatibility hydroxyapatite is doped with different compounds, mainly chemical elements.
The modulus of elasticity E is a material property, that describes its stiffness and is therefore one of the most important properties of solid materials.
Although, analyzing the two sample sets it was found a decrease of modulus of elasticity for those who stayed in SBF, but not so important as to affect its mechanical qualities.

On the basis of taking initial bending and other factors into consideration, through theoretical analysis and finite element calculation, this paper studies the T-stub steel axial compression buckling behavior and carrying capacity mainly using three different cross-section and different lengths ZC cross-sectional specimens.
Introduction T-stub section axial compression bar is flexural-torsional buckling [1], the initial defect plays a dominant role in affecting the stability of the T-stub section axial compression bar, and it is also the core issues in structural design.
Many researchers did some research on the mechanics and deformation properties of T-stub steel, but domestic research on the T-stub steel is late.
Nonlinear buckling analysis In actual project, due to the presence of initial defects and mechanical defects, we often use nonlinear buckling analysis to solve stability problem.
Tab. 3 Simulation values of three section components with fixed-length and fixed bending Components (setting in three kinds of components constant length =1000mm) simulation eigenvalue（kN） L/1000 simulation value affected by Initial bending（kN） ZA 952 936 ZB 950 936 ZC 800 787 The Length of the column is defined in accordance with the standard length of the column in [4].

The studies are focused on the fatigue properties in an ultra-low cycle fatigue regime where the fracture occurs approximately within 100 cycles [5].
Rotation frequency is specified as 8 r/min to reduce the affecting strain rate, t denotes the notch depth, f denotes the deflection, Kt denotes the stress concentration factor.
Fig. 1 The strain-life curve for different stress concentration factors at t=1.3(a); t=2(b).
The results suggest that the strain values are the key factors affecting fracture and stress concentration factor is a secondary factor.
Fig. 3 The damage-life curve for different stress concentration factors at t=1.3(a); t=2.0(b).

By analyzing the working principle and characteristics of the piezoelectric cantilever beam pump, we developed the dynamics model and FEA model of the piezoelectric cantilever beam and optimized through tests the main factors that affect the output flow of the piezoelectric cantilever pump.
The advantages of the piezoelectric pump are its simple structure, low energy consumption, and small size, which give it an obvious edge over the traditional mechanical pump regarding transporting fluid in the field of biomedicine [4], fine chemistry [5], and pharmaceutical research [6].
Additionally, ; so the mechanical properties can be regarded as isotropic.
The reason is that the stiffness of the cantilever beam is in inverse proportion to its length, so as the stiffness of the whole mechanical system, which, as a result, causes a lower resonance frequency.
Affected by the stiffness and damping of the diaphragm, the overlong cantilever beam and piezoelectric patches struck to the fixed end cause the moving backward of the maximum output displacement, not along the vibration rod.

Introduction Due to the excellent mechanical properties, Yttria stabilized zirconia polycrystal (YSZ) has become an attractive high-toughness core material for fixed dental restorations [1-3].
The transformation rate is related to factors such as loading of the ceramic reconstruction, temperature and time of exposure to surrounding media and manufacturing processes of YSZ [5-8].
Other factors that might affect the resistance to aging, for instance, the grain size and silica impurity content at grain boundaries are both affected by the addition of alumina.
Mechanical properties and short-term in vivo evaluation of yttium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia, J Biomed Mater Res 23(1989)45-61
Time-denpendent changes in the mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic.