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Fath El-Bab2,b ,Hassan A.
Yap et al [5] demonstrated the effect of using stainless steel pinhole of 50 μm diameter during direct laser ablation.
Chung et al [6] demonstrated the effect of using 0.03 mm of stainless steel metal-film on the PMMA substrate as a protection during CO2 laser ablation process.
Chung et al [8] fabricated microchannel in Pyrex 7740 glass without cracks and the bulges were reduced by covering the substrate with different thicknesses of water layer during laser ablation.
Yinzhou Yan et al [9] presented experimental and modelling studies for underwater laser machining of deep cavities in alumina.

EL S22 Low manual effort.
EL SCF30 (3.0%) Low manual effort.
EL SPF31 (5.0%) Low manual effort.
E *E: Extrudable, EL: Extrudable Limit y NE: Non-extrudable.
Aguilar et al. [8] and Silva et al. [7] have also reported improved compressive strength in earth matrices containing chitosan solution and potato starch gel, respectively.

Experimental procedures A HIPed bar of PM FGH4096 alloy with diameter of 30mm was studied, and chemical compositions as follows (mass fraction in %): C, 0.02-0.05; Al, 2.0-2.4;W, 3.8-4.2;Nb, 0.6-1.0;Mo, 3.8-4.2;Ti, 3.5-3.9;Cr, 15.5-16.5;Co, 12.5-13.5; Fe,< 0.5;B, 0.006-0.015;Mn, <0.15;Zr, 0.025-0.05;Si, <0.20;P,< 0.015;S, < 0.015;H, <0.001; N,< 0.005;O,< 0.007; and Ni balance．
Table 1 also shows that the alloy upseted and heat treated has %EL and RA values well above those specified for wrought material, while the strength are comparable to those of HIP + heat treated alloy.
Table 1 Room-temperature tensile properties of FGH4096 alloy Processing conditions 0.2%YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL %RA HIPed and heat treated 1200 1550 18.0 18.0 Upseted and heat treated 1220 1560 19.0 32.5 Ultrafine-grained treated and heat treated 1470 1730 15.0 23.5 The 750℃ tensile properties of the FGH4096 alloy under different conditions were given in Table 2.
It can be seen from the table that the YS and UTS of alloy multiple forged and heat treated higher than the values of HIPed and heat treated alloy (by about 10% and9%, respectively), while the % EL and % RA were substantially high(by about 220% and 163% , respectively).
Table 2 750℃ tensile properties of FGH4096 alloy Processing conditions 0.2%YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL %RA HIPed and heat treated 1040 1200 5.0 8.0 Upseted and heat treated 1120 1320 7.5 14.0 Ultrafine-grained treatment and heat treated 1140 1310 16.0 21.0 3.3 Fractography The fractured surfaces of the alloy processed under different conditions were examined to correlate the fracture characteristics with the structure and properties.

The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (TYS) and elongation (El) of the as-extruded alloy were of 415MPa, 335 MPa and 16%, respectively.
After aging at 200℃ for 32h, the tensile properties of the alloy were 480 (UTS), 410 MPa (TYS) and 13.5%(El), respectively.
This randomization of texture must contribute to an increase in the ductility of alloys. 3) Strengthening and toughening by LPSO The works by Matsuda et al indicated that the formation of the LPSO phases would increase the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of the basal plane and the non-basal slip would be activated by the prevention of the basal slip.
The results showed that: 1) Three kinds of phases including a-Mg, Mg3(GdYZn) and Mg12(GdY) Zn exist in the as-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy; 2) After extrusion with 10:1 ratio under 420℃, the alloy was provided with fine recrystallization grain with average size 4μm; 3) The alloy was with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 415MPa, tensile yield strength (TYS) of 335 MPa and elongation (El) of 16% after extrusion and UTS of 480MPa, TYS of 410 and El of 13.5% after extrusion and aged at 200 for 32 hours and showed excellent performance.

Fig.3 SEM BSE micrographs of the as-extruded and as-forged alloy: (a) as-extruded microstructure; (b) as-forged microstructure 0 200 400 600 800 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 δδδδ UTS YS Temper at ur e ( Temper at ur e ( Temper at ur e ( Temper at ur e ( ℃ )℃ )℃ )℃ ) tensile strength ( MPa ) tensile strength ( MPa ) tensile strength ( MPa ) tensile strength ( MPa ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 El ongat i on ( %) El ongat i on ( %) El ongat i on ( %) El ongat i on ( %) Fig. 4 Tensile strength, yield strength and plastic elongation to failure as a function of the temperature for as-forged Ti-45Al-9 (Nb, W, B, Y) alloy Discussion For the studied alloy, besides high Nb content, W, B and Y are alloy additions too.
Oxygen atoms come from the original oxygen content of Ti, Al and Nb master alloys [2].

EL_Centro wave and Lanzhou wave are respectively exerted to the structure, both of which fit for the site soil of Type II.
Fig.9 Shear of core tube under EL_Centro wave Fig.10 Shear of total base under EL_Centro wave Fig.11 Shear of core tube under Lanzhou Wave Fig.12 Shear of total base under Lanzhou Wave Mechanism Analysis.
[4] P.Fajfar & M.Fischinger: Mathematical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls for Nonlinear Seismic Analysis, Structural Dynamics, 1990:471-478 [5] Kabeyasawa, T.Et al,U.S.

Jing G X at el.
Introduction to Safety Science and Technology [M].Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2000 [4] Ding W Q at el.
Beijing: China Communications Press,2012 [5] Wang M S at el.
[13] Zhang T, Yu G M et al.
Journal of Qingdao Technological University，2011,32(5):37～38 [14] Jiang Q Y et al .

Efficiency Comparison of some Natural Products on Corrosion Inhibition of Al-Mg-Si Alloy R.
The inhibition effects of vanillin on the corrosion of steel in HCl and H2SO4 solutions were investigated by Li et al. [8, 9], Emregul, Hayvali [10] and Ita [11], meanwhile Et-Etre [12] studied the effect of vanillin against acid corrosion of Al.
Similar results have been reported in the literature for the corrosion of Al in aggressive media [2, 15, 16].
Maayta and N.A.F Al-Rawashdeh: Corros.
El Rehim, H.H.

This means that during this process, mutual diffusion of Al and Mg has occurred.
The aim of this work was to study the milling time and impact force on the Al crystallite size during synthesis of Al-4.5wt%Mg alloy by high energy mechanical mill.
Peak position (Al(111)), broadening value, microstrain and crystallite size of samples.
El-Eskandarany: Mechanical Alloying for Fabrication of Advanced Engineering Materials (Noyes Publications/William Andrew Publising, New York 2001)
Al-Aqeeli, G.

And the CeO2 will be obtained by removing NaF through water washing and leaching the impurity elements including La, Fe, Al, Ca, etc. via hydrochloric acid (HCl).
In recently, Wu et al [3, 4] mainly studied the fluoride removal effect by adding CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 in the process of roasting; and the others achieved good results in rare earth extraction and separation [5-7].And then ceria can be prepared by these cerium compounds through precipitation [8, 9] and sol-gel method [10].
The product CeO2 is stayed in solid state, and bits of Ce, REE including La, Nd, etc. and impurity elements including Ca, Fe, Ba, Sr, Al, etc in dissolve solution.
El-Hefny, Y.
El-Nadi, I.