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It was thought that a reduction in this problem could be achieved by developing advanced cutting tools [2, 3].
Koshy et al. [7] applied electrical discharge machining to generate textures on the tool rake face, consequently, a significant reduction in feed forces that ensues from said texturing was demonstrated.
The cutting forces were obtained by a KISTLER piezoelectric quartz dynamometer linked via charge amplifier to a data acquisition system which consists of an A/D converter and signal analyzer software on PC.
The cutting temperature is reduced for the reduction in friction between tool and chip.

In addition to reduction in the activation loss, an impact of the potential loss from electrolyte’s resistance will be lessened by temperature increase [5].
A reduction of a distance between electrode and microbe is an effective alternative to reducing the loss from electrolyte.
When the immobilization was conducted for 9 days, the number of bacteria adhered to smooth surface as seen on Fig.3a. was worse than those on day 3 of immobilization (data not shown).
A reduction in pH of immobilization medium reasonably involves in this phenomenon though an inadequacy of nutrient can possibly result in a detachment of microorganisms from the surface.

SJ devices are the most promising candidates for the reduction of the drift resistance.
The experimental data showed the agreement with calculated value.
Further, we consider that there is room for RonA reduction through the n-type drift layer with a higher doping concentration or a shorter channel length, which is located between the p-pillar region and substrate in Fig. 2 and left as the buffer layer in order to form pn junctions with a low leakage current in the epitaxial layer.
Although there is still scope for improvement in the RonA by removing the excess n-type drift layer, substrate grinding, and the reduction in cell pitch, the SJ-VMOSFET displayed one of the industry-leading levels.

As its advantages of waste reduction of over 90% and detoxification, incineration witness fast development in China [1].
It aims to provide data for stabilization of heavy metals and reuse in construction materials.
The decomposition process of Ca(OH)2 is demonstrated by a fast reduction of mass between 531 and 660℃, and then there is a flat between 660 and 781℃, indicating an end of the decomposition.
In addition, leaching toxicity, by both standards, of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn decreases with increase of sintering temperature, which indicates that increase of temperature between 400℃ and 1100℃ is conducive to reduction of leaching toxicity of these heavy metals.

Lee and Jou [4] simulated the die wear of H13 material, and the relationship between die wear coefficient and temperature was established according to the wear experiment data.
In blank I forming, the premier die wear occurred when the blank height was 68mm, and the forming finished when the height was 46mm, the height reduction with die wear accumulation was 22mm.
In blank II forming, the premier die wear occurred when the height of was 58mm, and the height reduction was only 12mm.
Because of the similar die wear increment in each step, the forming process with long die wear accumulation height reduction would accumulate more wear steps and a larger die wear value.

The Quality Functional of Composite Materials The most perspective is use of data on kinetic processes [4-6] formations of structure and physic-mechanical characteristics of material which can be considered as autonomous researches of separate modules.
At the same time increase leads to reduction of an abscissa of an inflection point (concavity is changed on camber) process at the values x, close to unit.
Let's note that increase (reduction ) corresponds to increase w0.
At the same time, as appears from in the vicinity value , that is for reduction it is necessary to increase .

Non-market value of construction waste is calculated as : (4) The total non-market value of construction waste is; rural residents are indicated by;city dwellers are indicated by; families average expressed willingness to pay per year are indicated by;households are indicated by; pay rate are indicated by; reduction rate are indicated by.
Safety reduction rate is determined by interest rates and risk-adjusted values[12,13,14] .Choose treasury interest rate of one year in the same period or bank deposit rate for the security interest; risk-adjusted value is determined based on the volatility of the socio-economic development and the price index of the region. [13] This paper selects 2012 Bank Lump year deposit rate of 3.25% [15] as a security interest.
Hence, get the reduction rate of 3.95%.
According to the sixth national census data bulletin of Mianyang City in 2010 , there are urban residents of Mianyang City in 2010, accounting for 39.85%,and rural residents of households are , accounting for 60.15%.

For loss minimization of DG, it is necessary to consider the reduction of I2R loss.
The loss reduction limit is shown in equation (5).
It is an experimental technique to help us understand the clumping structure of the data [7].
However bus 61 gives the lowest losses with the percentage of significant reduction of 89%.

Compaired with the tank without draft tube, as reported, there is obvious power reduction in the tank comprised draft tubes[3].
Besides there is also power reduction as the contribution of draft tube[6].
The above data is regarded as the criterion to compare with the design tanks.
The result shows that the draft tube contribute the power reduction, but the velocity is not larger than the tank without draft tube.

Introduction Grinding (comminution) is not only a principal means in size reduction of solids in various industries [1-3], but also is a key technology for synthesis metastable, nano-crystalline materials, amorphous alloys, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys, ceramics and etc. by means of mechanical alloying (MA) [2].
Modeling of grinding process is important for process control and optimum operations [4-5], to achieve tightly controlled particle size distributions in size reduction operations [6], and to understand the mechanisms in materials processing by MA process as well [7].
Then the cumulative breakage distribution parameters can be given by ( 2 ) From the definition of the cumulative breakage distribution parameters, it is satisfied, which yielded ( 3 ) Fig.3 showed that the relationship (3) agreed with experimental data reasonably well, which could be also seen from Fig.4 as equations (2) and (3) produced ( 4 ) Fig.2 Breakage distribution parameter Bij vs. particle size di Fig.3 Breakage distribution constant k vs. particle size dj Fig.4 Breakage distribution parameter vs. particle size di Model and calculations Many theoretical models have been developed to simulate grinding processes such as population balance model [12-13], discrete element method (DEM) [14-15], dynamic simulation approach [16], stochastic processes approach [17] and etc..
Austin: Size reduction of solids crushing and grinding equipment, in Handbook of Powder Science and Technology, Eds F.E.