Papers by Keyword: Orientation Image Microscopy (OIM)

Abstract: To investigate the effect of external loads arising from differential thermal expansion between a substrate and a surface mount component, specimens with a simulated surface mount component (nickel) on a copper substrate having a 1 mm2 joint area and solder thickness of about 100 µm were prepared to induce extrinsic shear in joints undergoing thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) cycling. The specimens were fabricated stress free and later clamped to a copper block to cause a significant reversal in sign of the shear imposed on the solder joint during TMF cycling for 20 minutes at 150°C and 3.5 hr at -15°C. The evolution of surface damage and microstructure was examined using SEM and Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM). The joints were almost single crystals. However, the orientations of the tin in each joint is different, leading to different resolved stresses on a given slip system. The joint with the largest resolved shear aligned with the crystal caxis showed the most damage. Low angle tilt boundaries developed, and sliding was observed on boundaries near 7 and 14° that have a coincident site lattice. Schmid factor analysis was carried out in regions that showed ledges or grain boundary sliding. Slip on (110) planes correlated well with some of the ledges.

Abstract: The texture evolution due to grain growth that takes place during annealing was investigated in nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloys fabricated by using a continuous electroforming method. In the current materials, grain growth occurred during annealing at much lower temperatures than in conventional coarse-grained counterparts. With regard to the macrotextures, the as-deposited textures were of fibre-type characterized by strong <100>//ND and weak <111>//ND components, and the occurrence of grain growth resulted in the strong development of the <111>//ND fibre texture with the minor <100>//ND components. It was clarified using orientation imaging microscopy that abnormal growth of the <111>//ND grains in the early stages of grain growth plays an important role on the texture evolution. The origin of the abnormal grain growth has been discussed in terms of the orientation dependence of energy density.

Abstract: In the present work, a nanocrystalline Invar alloy (Fe-36wt%Ni) foil was fabricated by using a continuous electroforming method. This material exhibited outstanding mechanical properties and a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient as compared to conventional Invar alloys. The as-deposited texture was of fibre-type characterized by strong <100>//ND and weak <111>//ND components. Grain growth occurred during annealing beyond 350°C and resulted in such texture change that the <111>//ND fibre texture strongly developed with the minor <100>//ND components. It was clarified using orientation imaging microscopy that abnormal growth of the <111>//ND grains in the early stages of grain growth plays an important role on the texture evolution. The mechanism of the abnormal grain growth has been discussed in terms of the orientation dependence of energy density.

Abstract: After secondary recrystallization, the Fe-3%Si alloys, grade Conventional Grain Oriented (C.G.O.), exhibit a Goss texture that is sought for minimizing watt losses in transformer cores. The mechanisms of Goss grain formation and their evolution during the processing route from hot rolling to decarburizing such as the early first steps of abnormal growth are not still well cleared up. This work deals with the influence of local microstructure and texture heterogeneities observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) at the hot rolling step. The present results complete those previously obtained by neutron diffraction [1]. Presence of Goss grain colonies at about the quarter of the hot rolled sheet is probably, as it has already been suggested, at the origin of the Goss grain presence at the primary recrystallized state.