Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 295-298

Abstract: Environmental pollution and ecological degradation in China have continued to be serious problems and have inflicted great damage on the economy and quality of life. As the largest developing country, China’s fiscal and taxation policies on environmental protection and sustainable development will be of primary importance not only for China, but also the world. By taking a critical look at the development of Chinese environmental fiscal and taxation policy, we try to determine how best to coordinate the relationship between the environment and the economy in order to improve quality of life and the sustainability of China’s resources and environment.

Abstract: This paper comments and analyses the research progress of the estuary sediment and ecological environment, including saltwater intrusion phenomenon and laws, sediment and ecological environment. The physical context, sediment and ecological environmental problems of the tributary bay of TGR are analyzed comparatively with those in ocean estuary. Based on the existing research and achievements, this paper puts forward that the research ideas and methods of the ocean estuary should be drawn from, and outlooks the future research works on the dynamic and ecological environmental problems in tributary bays of TGR.

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a significant strategic climate protection technology, and has become the most possibility and practical significance approach of emission reduction. CCS technology is the means to reduce the amount of CO2 into the atmosphere in the case of no reducing the amount of fossil fuels. China's CO2 emissions are the second in the world and it is difficult to change the current energy consumption in a short time. CO2 emissions will continue to increase with the rapid development of China's economy which will bring the huge CO2 emission reduction pressure. In this paper the CCS technology is introduced and the necessity and feasibility of CCS in China are analysed.

Abstract: Nano-sized TiO2 is one of the most popular photocatalysts at present. This paper summarizes Nano-sized TiO2's circumstances of applications and trends of development at home and abroad in recent years, especially analyses the application and potential breakthrough of Nano-sized TiO2 in the environmental protection such as atmospheric pollution control and sewerage treatment, etc. Finally, the Nano-sized TiO2's application prospect in the field of environmental protection in future is predicted.

Abstract: As the development of economy, the utilization of tourism resources is like a raging fire. But in the process of development and use, ecological environment protection problems become a problem that we must face and solve .Through case and gambling research methods, this paper analyzes the ecological environment protection problems in Shangluo Jinsixia Tourism Development Zone in the process of tourism business, and puts forward suggestions and countermeasures according to the existing problems. Through careful analysis, this paper finds that local governments, the enterprise and the villagers have some interest conflicts and contradictions, and the conflicts between them will continue in the future. How to coordinate the interest conflicts between them, and how to lay a good foundation for the protection of the ecological environment become an important issue that we have to face and solve. This paper holds that the key to the problems is to strengthen the government's macroeconomic control, to supervise the tourist enterprises, and to cultivate the ecological and environmental protection consciousness between tourism enterprises and local villagers.

Abstract: Typical cases of environmental pollution in the fire fighting and rescue were descript, and main features and causes of this type of incident were analyzed. From the three aspects some environmental protection countermeasures were suggested.

Abstract: The traditional water laws in many countries in Europe and North America viewed groundwater as the property of the owners of the land above it. Land owners could use the groundwater under his land freely without considering the impact to his neighbours. Today, the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization have resulted excessive extraction of groundwater and pollution of groundwater quality in many countries and regions. The grim situation has prompted the change of the world's water law and made many regulations of groundwater protection come into being. Most of countries in the world have tried to control the extraction of groundwater by issuing licenses, and to protect groundwater from pollution by introducing water quality standards and environmental requirements. The article summarizes the rules relating to the protection of groundwater in the past and present water laws, and analyses the development trend of the groundwater protection in contemporary water laws and the process of international groundwater legislation. The laws specially used for groundwater protection are less. The legislative progress which realizes the sustainable utilization of groundwater is still very slow.

Abstract: In terms of the diversity of nature reserves’ value, there are various methods to assess its value. By comparing and analyzing different methods of assessment, this text is aimed at establishing a system of assessment methods of nature reserve’ value to offer a quantitative basis on formulating the public management policies of nature reserves.

Abstract: Aiming at the issues of global warming and climate change, this research proposed three kinds of models to evaluate the effect of idling stops, expressed as the idling stop time, on red light at signalized intersection under random arrival of vehicles. The first one evaluates the maximum idling stop time, whereas the second one focuses on the idling stop time conditioned by an acceptable remaining red time. The third one is then used to estimate the increment of the idling stop time as the driver’s willingness for idling stop is raised, i.e. the acceptable remaining red time drops. The results of a case study show that the idling stops will really help to improve the energy saving and carbon reduction due to the occurrence of a large amount of idling stop time. The maximum IST can reach 42,938 hrs during the off-peak period on holidays in a year. Although the increment of the idling stop time seems insignificant by the case, it would become remarkable and significant when the evaluation base is extended to all approaches, and all intersections.

Abstract: The effects of two soil salinities (1g/kg and 6g/kg) and two water stress levels (60% and 80% of the field capacity) on growth and yield parameters of Meiguo903 tomato were investigated under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design experiment with three treatments and four replications was conducted. The treatments were defined as: CK (no water stress and no salt stress), T1 (no water stress but salt stress) and T2 (water stress and salt stress). The results show that more water was applied in CK than the other treatments, but T2 saved water by about 10%. Measured growth parameters showed that water stress and salinity affected the height and stem diameter of the plants. In general, T2 had short plants with thin stems, T1 had a little taller and thin stems while CK had tall plants with thick stems. It was found that both salinity and water stress has a significant effect on total marketable yield. T1 reduced the yield by 37% while T2 conditions reduced the yield by about 43%. Comparing T1 and T2 which were subjected to the same saline conditions (but different water stress levels), there is a significant difference on the amount of water used, where T1 is the highest, but there is no significant difference on their yield. These results give the conclusion that, in a saline environment, water stress can save water and produce a yield close to that when full irrigation is applied. Nearly optimum yields can be achieved by proper water stress management in such an environment.