Evidence of Phase Transition of Indium Doped Zinc Phthalocyanine

Abstract:

A new intercalation of Indium and Zinc Phthalocyanine(ZnPc) thin films is developed by using thermal co-evaporation method. Optical characteristics of In-doped ZnPc are studied in comparison with pristine ZnPc, which shows improvement on optical absorption at the visible spectrum. The presence of a new phase transition upon Indium doping is examined and consequently support the idea of the intercalated phase upon doping. A Schottky diode made of Indium doped ZnPc is fabricated in order to measure its electrical properties, its photo-current spectrum confirms the existence of phase transition.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 313-314)
• Pages: 121-125
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.313-314.121
• Online since: March 2013
• Authors: Sunit Rojanasuwan, Pakorn Prajuabwan, Annop Chanhom, Anuchit Jaruvanawat, Adirek Rangkasikorn, Jiti Nukeaw
• Keywords: Indium Doped Zinc Phthalocyanine, Phase Transition, α-Phase, β-Phase

References

[1] Crossley MS, Burn PL, Langford SJ, Prashar JK(1995) J. Chem. Soc Chem Commun 1921.

[2] M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, X. Zhou, J.S. Huang, M. Hofmann, A. Werner, and J. Blochwitz-Nimoth, "Doped organic semiconductor: Physics and application in light emitting diodes," Organic Electronics. 4, 89-103 (2003).

DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2003.08.004

[3] M. Pfeiffer, A. Beyer, T. Fritz, and K. Leo, "Controlled doping of phthalocyanine layers by cosublimation with acceptor molecules: A systematic Seebeck and conductivity study," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3202-3204 (1998).

DOI: 10.1063/1.122718

[4] A. Nollau, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, and K. Leo "Controlled n-type doping of a molecular organic semiconductor: Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride(NTCDA) doped with bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene(BEDT-TTF)," J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4340-4343 (2000).

DOI: 10.1063/1.373413

[5] J. Blochwitz, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, and K. Leo, "Low voltage organic light emitting diodes featuring doped phthalocyanine as hole transport material," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 729-731 (1998).

DOI: 10.1063/1.121982

[6] X. Zhou, M. Pfeiffer, J. Blochwitz, A. Werner, A. Nollau, T. Fritz, and K. Leo "Very-low-operating-voltage organic light-emitting diodes using a p-doped amorphous hole injection layer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 410-412 (2001).

DOI: 10.1063/1.1343849

[7] J. Blochwitz, T. Fritz, M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, D.M. Alloway, P.A. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, "Interface electronic structure of organic semiconductors with controlled doping levels," Organic Electronics. 2, 97-104 (2001).

DOI: 10.1016/s1566-1199(01)00016-7

[8] N.S. Ariciftci, D. Braun, c. Zhang, V. Srdranov, A.J. Heeger, and F. Wudl, "Semiconducting polymer-buckminsterfullerene heterojunctions: Diodes, photodiodes, and photovoltaic cells," Appl Phys. Lett. 62, 585-587(1993).

DOI: 10.1063/1.108863

[9] M.F. Craciun, S. Rogge, and A.F. Morpurgo, ,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 12210 (2005)

[10] M.F. Craciun, S. Rogge, M.J.L. den Boer, S. Margadonna, K. Prassides, Y. Iwasa and A.F. Morpurgo, "Electronic transport through electron-doped metal phthalocyanine materials," Adv. Mater. 18, 320-324 (2006).

DOI: 10.1002/adma.200501268

[11] E. Tosatti, M. Fabrizio, J. Tobik and G.E. Santoro, "Strong correlations in electron doped phthalocyanine conductors near half filling," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 117002 (2004).

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.117002

[12] A. König, F. Roth, R. Kraus, and M. Knupfer, "Electronic properties of potassium doped FePc from electron energy-loss spectroscopy," J. Chem. Phys. 130, 214503 (2009).

DOI: 10.1063/1.3146812

[13] V. Shklover, S. Schmitt, E. Umbach, F.S. Tautz, M. Eremtchenko, Y. Shostak, J.A. Schaefer and M. Sokolowski, "Strong K-induced changes in perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride films on Ag(110) studied by HREELS and LEED," Surf. Sci. 482-485, 1241-1248 (2001).

DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6028(01)00796-8

[14] L. Gaffo, M.R. Cordeiro, A.R. Freitas, W.C. Moreira, E.M. Girotto, V. Zucolotto, "The effects of temperature on the molecular orientation of zinc phthalocyanine films," J Mater Sci. 45, 1366-1370 (2010).

DOI: 10.1007/s10853-009-4094-3

[15] S. Senthilarasu, Y.B. Hahn, Soo-Hyoung Lee, "Nano structure formation in vacuum evaporated zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc) thin films," J Mater Sci. 19, 482-486 (2008).

DOI: 10.1007/s10854-007-9368-4

[16] J. Simon, J. J. Andre, "Molecular Semiconductors," Springer, Verlag, (1985).