A Charging Management of Electric Vehicles Based on Campus Survey Data

Abstract:

Road transport electrification has a great potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and oil consumptions. However, massive integration of electric vehicles (EVs) may cause a trouble on power grid. This point of view looks at the future state of EV development, charging scheduling and drivers’ behaviors are becoming increasingly important to charging management strategy. An optimal charging management leads to minimum effects on power grid, reducing peak power via vehicle to grid (V2G) mode and lower charging costs. In order to make an optimum charging management strategy, it requires some information of driver behavior, such as daily driving, parking times and usage frequency of the vehicle. At this perspective, a campus based driver behavior is gathered with face to face survey in Yildiz Technical University, Turkey. Survey data is utilized to determine daily optimum charging profile and increase the functionality of EVs. In this study, the comparison of possible effects of different charging scenarios on power grid are presented and analyzed. A case study is performed in the university campus and the simulation is realized in MATLAB/Simulink environment with actual data.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 492)
• Pages: 43-48
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.492.43
• Online since: January 2014
• Authors: Bunyamin Yagcitekin, Mehmet Uzunoglu, Arif Karakas
• Keywords: Charging Management, Demand Management, Electric Vehicle (EV), Smart Charging, Smart Grid (SG)

References

[1] D. Mc Collum, C Yang, Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications, Energy Policy 37 (2009), p.5580–5596.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.038

[2] X. Ou, X. Zhang, S. Chang, Alternative fuel buses currently in use in China: Life-cycle fossil energy use, GHG emissions and policy recommendations, Energy Policy 38 (2010), p.406–418.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.031

[3] K.C. Bayindir, M. A. Gozukucuk, A. Tekel, A comprehensive overview of hybrid electric vehicle: Power train configurations, power train control techniques and electronic control units, Energy Conversion and Management 52 (2011), p.1305–1313.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.09.028

[4] C. Guille, G. Gross, A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation, Energy Policy 37 (2009), p.4379–4390.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.05.053

[5] G.J. Offer, D. Howey, M. Contestabile, R. Clague, N.P. Brandon, Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system, Energy Policy 38 (2010), p.24–29.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.040

[6] C.E. Thomas, Fuel cell and battery electric vehicles compared, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2009), p.6005 – 6020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.003

[7] W. Kempton, T. Kubo, Electric-drive vehicles for peak power in Japan, Energy Policy 28 (2000), pp.9-18.

DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4215(99)00078-6

[8] D. Yamashita, T. Niimura, H. Takamori, H. Takamori, A Dynamic Model of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Markets and Charging Infrastructure for the Evaluation of Effects of Policy Initiatives, Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), IEEE/PES (March 2011), pp.1-8.

DOI: 10.1109/psce.2011.5772534

[9] M. Duke, D. Andrews, T. Anderson, The feasibility of long range battery electric cars in New Zealand, Energy Policy 37 (2009), p.3455–3462.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.10.047

[10] Y. Ma, T. Houghton, A. Cruden, D. Infield, Modeling the Benefits of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology to a Power System, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 27(2) (2012), pp.1012-1020.

DOI: 10.1109/tpwrs.2011.2178043

[11] J. Dong, Z. Lin, Within-day recharge of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: Energy impact of public charging infrastructure, Transportation Research Part D 17 ( 2012), p.405–412.

DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2012.04.003

[12] P. Zhang, K. Qian, C. Zhou, B. G. Stewart, D. M. Hepburn, A Methodology for Optimization of Power Systems Demand Due to Electric Vehicle Charging Load, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 27 (3) (2012), pp.1628-1636.

DOI: 10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2186595

[13] P. Richardson, D. Flynn, A. Keane, Local Versus Centralized Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles in Low Voltage Distribution Systems, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 3(2) (2012), pp.1020-1028.

DOI: 10.1109/tsg.2012.2185523

[14] R.T. Doucette, M.D. McCulloch, Modeling the CO2 emissions from battery electric vehicles given the power generation mixes of different countries, Energy Policy 39 (2) (2011), p.803–811.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.054

[15] International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standarts of electrical connectors and charging modes for electric vehicles, IEC 62196 http: /en. wikipedia. org/wiki/IEC_62196 (Accessed, august 2013).