Low-Latency MAC (LL-MAC) Protocol for a Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract:

In this paper, we present a new MAC protocol, called Low-Latency MAC (LL-MAC) protocol for muti-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. The LL-MAC is designed for the object tracking applications such as animal invasion, flight detection and wild animal detection. In these applications, the object appearance event does not occur frequently. But when an event occurs, many measured data by sensor nodes should be sent to a sink node as soon as possible. LL-MAC uses duty cycling contention-based MAC protocol. The operational cycle is divided into four periods: Sync, carrier sensing, Data, and Sleep. The Sleep period will be increased to send more packets by sender node when a target object appearance occurs. And a status bit in PION packet is used to indicate target appearance by the sender node. If this status bit is set to 1, all nodes know an object appearance and adjust their Sleep period to two times longer. After sending data packets, the sender node goes into sleep mode and wake ups again in two times slot times to send more data. Results showed that our LL-MAC protocol outperformed other protocols in terms of data packet delivery delay.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 536-537)
• Pages: 364-367
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.536-537.364
• Online since: April 2014
• Authors: Seong Cheol Kim
• Keywords: Duty Cycling, Low-Latency, Medium Access Control, Multi-Hop, Protocol, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

References

[1] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 12, no. 3, p.493–506, (2004).

DOI: 10.1109/tnet.2004.828953

[2] M. Buettner, G. V. Yee, E. Anderson, and R. Han, X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks, " in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys , 06), p.307–320, November (2006).

DOI: 10.1145/1182807.1182838

[3] J. Polastre, J. Hill, and D. Culler, Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks, " in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys , 04), p.95–107, November (2004).

DOI: 10.1145/1031495.1031508

[4] Y. Sun, O. Gurewitz, and D. B. Johnson, RI-MAC: a receiver-initiated asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks, " in Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys , 08), p.1–14, Raleigh, NC, USA, (2008).

DOI: 10.1145/1460412.1460414

[5] L. Tang, Y. Sun, O. Gurewitz, and D. B. Johnson, PW-MAC: an energy-efficient predictive-wakeup MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, " in Proceedings of the 30th IEEE Conference on Computer and Communications Society (INFOCOM , 11), p.1305–1313, Shanghai, China, (2011).

DOI: 10.1109/infcom.2011.5934913

[6] D. Shu, A. K. Saha, and D. B. Johnson, RMAC: a routing-enhanced duty-cycle MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, " in Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM , 07), p.1478–1486, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, (2007).

DOI: 10.1109/infcom.2007.174

[7] Y. Sun, S. Du, D. B. Johnson, and O. Gurewitz, DW-MAC: a low latency, energy efficient demand-wakeup MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, " in Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc , 08), p.53–62, May (2008).

DOI: 10.1145/1374618.1374627

[8] Kien Nguyen, Yusheng Ji, Shigeki Yamada, Low Overhead MAC Protocol for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Networks, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. (2013).

DOI: 10.1155/2013/217159