Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 768

Abstract: The research on the connotation and the evaluation index system of low carbon competitiveness in the ocean economic zone is not comprehensive, it ignores some factors, such as, spatial structure, fairness, regional cooperation, urbanization, system innovation. This paper first puts forward the connotation and the benefit-potential evaluation index system of the ocean economic zone, and then uses the index system to evaluate low carbon competitiveness of Shandong peninsular blue economic zone by using the empirical method.Low carbon competitiveness in the ocean economic zone means a competitive advantage that can optimize economic benefit, social benefit, and the ecological benefit of the zone, and the competitive advantage is formed by the synergistic effect, cooperation, rational distribution of the component elements of the zone and by the interaction in low carbon development of the ocean economic zone and external region. In the process, the principle is 6R of low carbon development, and the basis is regional interest coordination mechanisms.The results show that: there is great difference in urban low carbon competitiveness of Shandong peninsular blue economic zone because the highest value (0.77526) and the lowest value (-0.57536) is in Qingdao and Weifang respectively, and the difference is 1.35062; Qingdao is the first order low carbon development pole of the zone, Yantai (0.25704) and Dongying (-0.04371) are secondary low carbon development pole; the zone has point-axis spatial structure characteristics; there is a positive correlation between low carbon competitiveness of the ocean economic zone and regional economic developing stage; the differences in spatial structure characteristics of the six system layer indexes indicate that every index is independent and their spatial structure is diversiform; there is great difference between different city in system layer index, so the coordination of the urban system layer indexes should be paid attention to and the spatial structure of low carbon competitiveness in Shandong peninsular blue economic zone should be optimized.

Abstract: There is strong demand for redevelopment of the sites of industrial enterprises having been shut down or relocated (hereinafter referred to as industrial contaminated sites) due to its good geographical location. Direct development of contaminated sites without any remedy and restoration will bring prominent risks of environmental security, health and society. The government must pay high attention to this issue. This paper analyzes environmental risks and relevant supervision departments in different links of the process from relocation to redevelopment of industrial sites. Based on these, this paper presents the whole-process mechanism for prevention and control of environmental risks of the relocation, flow (land use change) and post-flow stages involving several government departments such as industry & information department, national land department, housing and construction department and environmental protection department. This study could provide an important reference to the establishment of effective joint supervision mechanism for redevelopment of contaminated industrial sites in China.

Abstract: Medical waste is one of the major hazardous wastes. Not only the costs (distance) but security issue also should be taken into consideration when we build the recovery network of medical waste. Load-balance can decrease transportation risk efficiently. From this point of view, we formulate a vehicle routing problem with balance constraints (VRPBC), where both costs and transportation risk are considered, to minimize the total distance and make the loads among recovery vehicles balanced. The results of the model also tell managers the number of the recovery vehicles they need to arrange and their travel path.The model is solved by using improved genetic algorithm (GA). This method can avoid dropping into local optimum by adding reverse evolution operation after crossover operation. Finally, the real data is collected from Jinniu District of Chengdu and the results show that VRPBC model can balance the load among all the vehicles efficiently. When imbalance penalty is between 0.06 and 0.1, the loads in each vehicle are totally balanced and the total distance is only 9.15% above the solution produced by VRP model.

Abstract: As China develops its economy, hazardous waste generation is expected to increase rapidly. Recovery and recycling, i.e. co-processing of Alternative Fuels and Raw materials (AFRs) and treatment of hazardous waste in energy-and resource-intensive industries such as the cement industry seems to be an supplementary option to conventional technologies which can increase the overall waste management capacity in China significantly. With the largest cement production in the world, the industry can save significant amounts of non-renewable coal and raw materials by substitution with wastes which needs treatment. However, co-processing requires appropriate regulations and policies to support its development and safe and sound implementation.

Abstract: The waste management system in Netherlands is sound, complete and operates efficiently. At the time of implementing the EU w aste management legislation, it continues to expand and improve its related laws and regulations. Waste management is not only to reduce pollution and achieve sound processing, but also to outstand its recycling. The research tried to provide some suggestion on amendment for the relative hazardous waste pollution control technology policy in China based on the Dutch policy and hazardous waste management and disposal technologies.

Abstract: With the growth of industry, hazardous waste discharged from industrial production process increases with time goes by. Due to the lack of technics and experiences in managing and dealing with hazardous waste, the method for dealing with hazardous waste in our country remains in a low level. This paper aims at the demanding requirements of information management of hazardous waste disposal center in Kunming City, designed and developed a comprehensive information platform based on the basic hazardous waste data in and around Kunming City, integrated with WebGIS and spatial database technology to realize the digitalized and visualized management to the hazardous waste. This paper firstly elaborates structural design of the whole system. Then it introduces the functional and spatial database design. In the end, this paper demonstrated some of the results of this system.

Abstract: Based on the hazardous effect of PVC incineration, the perception of public and the condition of waste management, PVC should be considered as recessive deleterious substance in our life. An investigation about the perception and ways of disposal of PVC has got 1096 efficative questionnaires to analyze.The investigated group includes residents which mainly consist of students in 25 high schools and dozens of communities in 9 districts or counties in Tianjin. At the same time, the production, sale, management, recycling, and treatment link of PVC plastics has been investigated. Base on the results and the current circumstances in China, the"three-rail green cycle"system to recycle PVC waste is recommended,and high school students may help promote the system.

Abstract: The amount of municipal solid waste(MSW)transportation has become an important basis of handling urban domestic waste, at the same time, accurate predictions of time series data have motivated the researchers to develop innovative models for urban solid waste management.Therefore, predicting the MSW transportation amount in a scientific manner is one of the most essential parts of the urban waste management work. Based on the raw data of MSW transportation amount from 1993 to 2012 of Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province, this paper chose Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model(also called ARIMA model), used Eviews software to process the data and test various effective inspection, then made a prediction of the amount of MSW transportation of Wuhan, and got access to the conclusions through comparing the original data and predicted one. The results showed that the predicted value of the amount of MSW transportation in 2013 was consistent with the original one, and would reach 214.82 wt in 2014. The results also demonstrated that, the MSW transportation amount prediction based on ARIMA model is practicable due to its high applicability and accuracy, offering decisive information for the urban environmental planning and urban domestic waste controlling.

Abstract: Due to the foreseeable changes in the framework for bioenergy and especially for the use of energy crops, the organic waste and residuals becomes the focus of attention. Approximately two-third of the available total (organic) residue potential in Germany is already energetically used, whereby the thermal recovery with the use of waste wood preponderates. Approximately one-third of the total technical potential of biogas (including energy crops) consists of fermentable waste and residuals such as manure, industrial and municipal organic waste. The anaerobic digestion of biowaste and green waste also plays an increasingly major role in practice. The potential of agricultural residues as co-products (straw) and manure is slowly tapped for biogas production.

Abstract: Accurate prediction of the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is crucial for designing and programming MSW management systems. Reliable estimation of MSW is difficult since many variables such as socio-economic characteristics, climatic factors and standard of living affect it. A number of studies used artificial neural network (ANN) to predict MSW. However, due to the large number of input variables to the ANN, it could not not perform well and generally encountered overfitting. This study takes advantage of the principal component analysis (PCA) technique to reduce the number of input variables to the ANN model in order to overcome the overfitting problem. The proposed PCA-ANN approach is used to predict the weight of MSW in the province of Mashhad, Iran. The utilized experimental data in this study are obtained from the Recycling Organization of Mashhad Municipality archive (http://www.wmo.mashhad.ir). It is found that the PCA approach can successfully decrease the number of input variables from thirteen to eight. The PCA-ANN model (with eight input variables) outperforms ANN (with thirteen input variables) and provides more accurate estimates of MSW as it mitigates the overfitting problem associated with ANN. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of MSW estimates reduces from 499000 Kg to 448000 Kg by using the PCA-ANN model instead of ANN.