Analysis by Pineapple Leaf in Chemical Pulping Process

Abstract:

Malaysia has an abundance of agro waste material that have not been fully utilized to a maximum production. Thus, the finding of a new alternative fiber in non wood material will be favorable in paper production. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is the common tropical plant, which consists of coalesced berries. This pineapple is leading member of the family of Bromeliaceae and it came from genus Ananas. Fiber bundle from pineapple leaf can be separated from the cortex where it reveals the pineapple leaf fiber in multi-cellular and lignocelluloses pattern. This leaf has a ribbon-like structure and cemented together by lignin, pentosan-like materials, where it contributes to the strength of fiber [7]. All parts in pineapple from fruits to leaves could be consumed to give a health benefit for human life. Pineapple had been used as textile fiber, anti-inflammatory and also anti-helminthic agent. According to the FAO online database, the Malaysian country had consumed 255,000 tones per year and in third position in the world of consuming pineapple production. Pineapple is mainly produced as canned fruits and also coarse textiles in some Southeast Asian countries. Leaves of pineapple had been used as coarse textiles because of the fiber composition and structure inside the leaves [3]. All fibrous in non wood materials especially pineapple leaf consists of cellulose, holocellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin along with some extraneous material called extractives such as gum and resin. Previous research indicates pineapple leaf fiber contained higher cellulose content than wood fiber. Pineapple leaf fibers also consist of lignin [23], an adhesive component that binds the cellulose and hemicellulose. Pineapple leaf fiber had the lowest lignin content than other alternative fiber, which is favorable during chemical processing [12]. The chemical composition aspects have been considered in the previous literature, such as banana stem, coconut and oil palm and had been reported extensively. Pineapple leaf reported has a lowest lignin (10.5%) rather than banana stem (18.6%), oil palm (20.5%) and coconut (32.8%) that suggest can undergo bleaching more easily and have high fiber strength [12]. Besides that, pineapple leaf contains high holocelulose content (87.6%) than banana stem (65.2%), oil palm (83.5%) and coconut (56.3%) [11]. Those properties depend on the content of chemical composition in the pineapple leaf fiber, which is cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content [15].

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 773-774)
• Pages: 1215-1219
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.773-774.1215
• Online since: July 2015
• Authors: Zawawi Daud, Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta*, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim, Ashuvila Mohd Kassim, Halizah Awang
• Keywords: Fiber, Green Technology, Paper-Making, Pineapple Leaf, Pulp Making

References

[1] R. Alen: Science and Technology Series Vol. 3(2000), pp.58-104.

[2] A. Aziz and J.Y. Zhu: New Technologies in Non-wood Fiber Pulping and Paper Making. Proceeding of 3rd International Symposium on Emerging Technology of Pulping and Paper Making. November 8-10, Guangzhou, China. South China University of Technology. Press. 14. (2006).

[3] S. Banik, D. Nag, and S. Debnath: Fiber and Textile Vol. 36(2011), pp.172-177.

[4] M.K. Basak, S., Chanda, S.K. Bhaduri, S.B. Mondal, and R. Nandi: Industrial Crops and Products Vol. 5(1996), pp.173-176.

DOI: 10.1016/0926-6690(00)00002-9

[5] B.K. Bhaduri, A. Day, S.B. Mondal, and S.K. Sen: Bioresource Technology Vol. 40(1992), pp.87-89.

[6] EPA: Pulp and Paper Combustion Sources National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: A Plain English Description. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-456/R-01-003. September 2001. (2001).

[7] J. George, S.S. Bhagawan and S. Thomas:. Journal of Thermal Analysis Vol. 47(1996), pp.1121-1140.

[8] N. Gurganul, D.H. Page, and M.H. Paice: Nordic Pulp Paper Resource Vol. 3(2006), pp.152-154.

[9] J.S. Han and J.S. Rowell: Paper and Composites from Agro-Based Resources Vol. 5(1999), pp.83-134.

[10] O. Holia and T. A Jovita: Journal of Academic and Tropical Wood Technology Vol. 7(2005), pp.37-43.

[11] R. Khairi, M.F. Mhenni, , M.N. Belgacem and E. Mauret: Bioresource Technology Vol. 101(2010), pp.775-780.

[12] A.H.P.S. Khalil, S.M. Alwani and M.A.K. Omar: Bioresource Vol. 1(2006), pp.220-232.

[13] T. Khampan, N. Thavarungkul, J. Tiansuwan and S. Kamthai: International Journal of Evironmental and Earth Science Vol. 1(2010), pp.16-19.

[14] F. Lopez, A. Alfaro, M.M. Garcia, M.J. Diaz, A.M. Calero and J. Ariza: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Vol. 82(2004), pp.1029-1036.

[15] I.C. Madakadze, T. Radiotis, J. Li, K. Goel and D. L Smith: Bioresource Technology Vol. 69 (1999), pp.75-78.

[16] C. Merlini, V. Soldi and G.M.O. Barra: Polymer Testing Vol. 30(2011), pp.833-840.

[17] A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra and L.T. Drzal: Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton (2005).

DOI: 10.1201/9780203508206.ch1

[18] R. Narenda and Y. Yiqi: Polymer Vol. 46(2005), pp.5494-5500.

[19] H. Reza, F. Pedram, J.L. Ahmad, Y. Ni, and S.J. Sepiddehdam: Bioresource Technology Vol. 101(2010), pp.4193-4197.

[20] C. Shahani: Accelerated Aging of paper: Can it really foretell the permanence of paper. Preservation Research and Testing office. Proceeding from the ASTM/ISR Workshop on the Effects of Aging on Printing and Writing Papers in Philadelphia (1995).

[21] P. Stenius: Forest Products Chemistry Papermaking Science and Technology3 Finland: Fapet Oy ISBN 952-521-03-9. 29 (2005).

[22] A.V. Tran: Industrial Crops and Product Vol. 24(2005), pp.66-74.

[23] G. Tsoumis: Wood Material Science and Engineering Vol. 1(1991), pp.50-52.

[24] C. Ververis, K. Georghio, N. Christodoulakis, P. Santas, and R. Santas: (2004). Industrial Crops and Products Vol. 19(2004), pp.245-254.

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006

[25] S. Waranyou: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 32(2010), pp.201-205.