Passing-Cloud Effects of Solar Photovoltaic System on Distribution Network Voltages

Abstract:

The introduction of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme has prompted an increasing number of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in Malaysia. As a consequence, the network issues related to the PV systems integration need to be properly addressed. This includes the effect of solar irradiance intermittency which is caused by the passing-clouds. In this regard, this paper investigates the effect of passing-cloud on a standard IEEE 4 node test feeder, focusing on short term voltage drop analysis. Actual five-minute interval PV generation data in Melaka, Malaysia was used in the analysis. The network was analyzed by using the well-known OpenDSS tool. The network voltage impact of different PV penetration levels were investigated on both sunny and cloudy days. The results show that temporal voltage drop could occur on the network when there is a sudden drop of PV generation driven by passing-cloud. The percentage of voltage drop recorded was observed to be proportionate to the increment of PV penetration levels.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 785)
• Pages: 551-555
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.785.551
• Online since: August 2015
• Authors: Cheiw Yun Lau, Chin Kim Gan*, Chin Ho Tie, Kyairul Azmi Baharin, Mohamad Fani Sulaima
• Keywords: Cloud, Distribution Network, Photovoltaic

References

[1] C. H. Tie and C. K. Gan, Impact of Grid-Connected Residential PV Systems on the Malaysia Low Voltage Distribution Network, in 2013 IEEE 7th International Power Engineering and Optimizatinon Conference (PEOCO2013), 2013, no. June, p.670–675.

DOI: 10.1109/peoco.2013.6564631

[2] KeTTHA, Handbook on the Malaysian Feed-in Tariff for the Promotion of Renewable Energy, (2011).

[3] The Economic Planning Unit, 10th Malaysia Plan (Chapter 6: Building and Environment that Enhances Quality of Life), " Prime Minister, s Depatrment, 2010. [Online]. Available: file: //F: /References Paper/Malaysian 10th Plan. pdf.

[4] W. Jewell and R. Ramakumar, The effects of moving clouds on electric utilities with dispersed photovoltaic generation, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. EC-2, no. 4, p.570–576, (1987).

DOI: 10.1109/tec.1987.4765894

[5] W. T. Jewell and T. D. Unruh, Limits on cloud-induced fluctuation in photovoltaic generation, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 5, no. 1, p.8–14, (1990).

DOI: 10.1109/60.50805

[6] G. G. Karady, S. Saksena, B. Shi, and N. Senroy, Effects of Voltage Sags on Loads in a Distribution System, (2005).

[7] M. Thomson and D. G. Infield, Impact of widespread photovoltaics generation on distribution systems, IET Renewable. Power Gener., vol. 1, no. 1, p.33–40, (2007).

DOI: 10.1049/iet-rpg:20060009

[8] R. Yan, S. Roediger, and T. K. Saha, Impact of Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations by Moving Clouds on Network Voltage : A Case Study of an Urban Network, in IEEE Conferences Publication, 2011, p.1–6.

[9] R. Yan and T. K. Saha, Voltage Variation Sensitivity Analysis for Unbalanced Distribution Networks Due to Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 27, no. 2, p.1078–1089, May (2012).

DOI: 10.1109/tpwrs.2011.2179567

[10] R. Yan and T. K. Saha, Investigation of Voltage Variations in Unbalanced Distribution Systems due to High Photovoltaic Penetrations, in IEEE Conferences Publication, 2011, p.1–8.

DOI: 10.1109/pes.2011.6038977

[11] M. J. E. Alam, K. M. Muttaqi, and D. Sutanto, A Novel Approach for Ramp-Rate Control of Solar PV Using Energy Storage to Mitigate Output Fluctuations Caused by Cloud Passing, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 2, p.507–518, (2014).

DOI: 10.1109/tec.2014.2304951

[12] C. Cai and D. C. Aliprantis, Cumulus Cloud Shadow Model for Analysis of Power Systems With Photovoltaics, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 28, no. 4, p.4496–4506, (2013).

DOI: 10.1109/tpwrs.2013.2278685

[13] D. Yang, P. Jirutitijaroen, and W. M. Walsh, Hourly solar irradiance time series forecasting using cloud cover index, Sol. Energy, vol. 86, no. 12, p.3531–3543, Dec. (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.029

[14] IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY, Distribution Test Feeder: IEEE 4 node test feeder, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2013. [Online]. Available: http: /ewh. ieee. org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/. [Accessed: 18-Nov-2014].

[15] A. M. Busrah, M. T. Au, and M. Mohamad, End user load profile analysis for distribution system planning, in 21st International Conference on Electricity Distribution, 2011, vol. 1, no. 0082, p.1–4.

[16] R. C. Dugan, T. E. Mcdermott, and S. Member, An Open Source Platform for Collaborating on Smart Grid Research, in IEEE Conferences Publication, 2011, no. Ivvc, p.1–7.