Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 786

Abstract: Running can be considered as an important movement since it can be categorized as one of daily activities. However, running movement may contribute to injuries for example, subject to plantar fasciitis. The objective of this review is to summarize the information of published articles related to kinematics aspect, which is one of key factors that can cause injury in running movement. The search strategy was carried out from Science Direct database. The variability of methodological protocol due to different running mode and condition influenced the foot kinematics which has been proved by the findings from the experiments. In future, research on investigating the suitable speed and condition to standardized running methodological protocol should be done in order to obtain a reliable result.

Abstract: Farm workers in the Oil Palm industry in Malaysia are extremely exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) which is directly affected to the production outputs. This paper is to discuss the way to reduce the MSDs biomechanical load by using a new design of ergonomic palm oil fruit harvesting device. According to the observation, manual harvesting process by using conventional device or device was highly risk to undergo MSDs due to repetitive awkward posture. Thus, new device is proposed for reducing the effect of MSDs. Electromyography (EMG) evaluation was conducted to determine the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed method to reduce the risk of MSDs. Results of EMG show that the using of the proposed device provides less pain compare to the conventional device.

Abstract: In this paper, a reduced order model is obtained for nonlinear dynamic analysis of a cantilever beam. Nonlinearity in the system is basically due to large deformation. A reduced order model is an efficient method to formulate low order dynamical model which can be obtained from data obtained from numerical technique such as finite element method (FEM). Nonlinear dynamical models are complex with large number of degrees of freedom and hence, are computationally intensive. With formulation of reduced order models (i.e. Macromodels) number of degrees of freedom are reduced to fewer degrees of freedom by using projection based method like Galerkin’s projection, so as to make system computationally faster and cost effective. These macromodels are obtained by extracting global basis functions from fully meshed model runs. Macromodels are generated using technique called proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) which gives good linear fit for the nonlinear systems. Using POD based macromodel, response of system can be computed using fewer modes instead of considering all modes of system. Macromodel is generated to obtain the response of cantilever beam with large deformation and hence, simulation time is reduced by factor of 90 approximately with error of order of 10^-4. Further, method of POD based reduced order model is aplied to beam with different loading conditions to check the robustness of the macromodel. POD based macromodel response gives good agreement with FEA model response for a cantilever beam.

Abstract: The function of the fan is to reduce heat in the radiator where hot cooling liquid is circulated. The radiator fan blades are made up of various materials nowadays and the legacy material used is steel. This paper presents the static analysis of the radiator fan and at the outcome we analyze the failure of the entire blade taking into design consideration. The analysis of the radiator fan is executed to different types of materials to check and evaluate the material and process conditions which withstand the dynamic and structural loads. In the paper design of the blade is done through reverse engineering. The static analysis is done using ANSYS where the 3D solid model of the radiator fan is considered for structural analysis. The various loads and properties and applied through the entire length of the radiator fan. The analysis leads us to proposal of suitable material to withstand all the loads. The Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) material is tested and considered.

Abstract: The evaluation of fatigue behavior of real components under service loading is important in reliability analysis. The present paper investigates the characteristics of two strain signals spectrum by using statistical inferences. The data used in this study are obtained from strain gauges installed on coil spring component of car suspension system driven over two different road surfaces. The coil springs are made of SAE 5160 carbon steel materials. The strain signals are explored to produce the summary statistics (i.e. root-mean-square, kurtosis, skewness etc.) and the rainflow cycle counting is performed to obtain total number of cycles and damage per cycle. Further, distribution fitting is applied to the cycle-counted strain ranges data. The results show that both signals fit well to a mixed Weibull distribution with three subpopulations.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate effects of different anvil back plates on heat dissipation velocity of the micro-friction stir welding (micro-FSW or) process. For this purpose, temperature field simulations are conducted for the micro-friction stir welding of AA5083-H323 aluminum alloy thin sheets by using the ceramic anvil back plate and conventional steel anvil back plate, respectively. Comparing the obtained two temperature fields, it is found that the ceramic anvil back plate significantly decreases the heat dissipation velocity of the micro-FSW process.

Abstract: This paper discusses about the impact of fiber volume fraction on the bending behavior of a laminated composite beam. A two layered composite beam with upper layer made of glass fiber epoxy resin and reinforced with Kevlar at the bottom side of the beam is modeled and structural analysis is carried out. The analysis shows that the tensile strength increases with increase in fiber volume fraction. The compression strength decreases with increase in fiber volume fraction in the upper fiber where as increases in the bottom fiber and the obtained results are correlating with the experimental and analytical studies.

Abstract: This paper focuses on the works to model the aluminium honeycomb with the effect of meshing size that implemented into a shell body of the honeycomb and frictional force that introduced into an interaction between the honeycomb and rigid plates. The model is performed by using ABAQUS 6.12 in the explicit environment. The honeycomb with 0.0127 m cell size is modelled and three types of mesh size which are 3 mm, 1 mm and 0.8 mm are analysed based on buckling mode and load-displacement characteristics. No friction coefficient is applied during simulation. From this simulation, 1 mm meshing size is the optimize value where the load-compression pattern graph is almost similar like the experimental result compared with others meshing size. But the buckling mode is slightly different compared with the experimental result where the bottom part of honeycomb made the contract or negative expand behaviour. In order to avoid this behaviour, the friction coefficient is introduced between the honeycomb surface and rigid plates surface. Two values of friction coefficient are tested which are 0.1 and 0.3. The findings is the frictional coefficient 0.3 and meshing size 1 mm are optimized values that can avoid the contract behaviour and the result of buckling mode is similar with the experimental result.