Smart Hybrid Energy Storage for Stand-Alone PV Microgrid: Optimization of Battery Lifespan through Dynamic Power Allocation

Abstract:

Battery as the key component in stand-alone PV microgrid system tends to be the most vulnerable element in terms of durability. Poorly managed battery charge/discharge process turns out to be one of the main life-limiting factors. To improve the longevity of battery storage system, a novel energy storage system topology and its smart power management strategy is presented in this paper. This paper proposes a stand-alone 6 kW PV microgrid system with hybrid energy storage system that combines supercapacitors and batteries. Smart power allocation strategy among the SC and the battery modules is designed to dynamically allocate the power to optimally charge/discharge the batteries while fulfilling the variations in supply and load. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated via model simulation using Matlab/Simulink. The system is simulated under a typical 24-hours residential load profile and the results proved that the proposed system can provide sufficient power to regulate the fluctuations in supply and load. During the process, the batteries are charged / discharged with ideal charge rate and operated under a low depth-of-discharge that have proven to prolong the battery lifetime.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 833)
• Pages: 19-26
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.833.19
• Online since: April 2016
• Authors: Wen Long Jing, Chean Hung Lai, Wallace Shun Hui Wong, Dennis M.L. Wong
• Keywords: Battery, Hybrid Energy Storage, Lifetime, Pv System, Supercapacitor (SC)

References

[1] Chen, Haisheng, Thang Ngoc Cong, Wei Yang, Chunqing Tan, Yongliang Li, and Yulong Ding. Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review., Progress in Natural Science 19, no. 3 (2009): 291-312.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.07.014

[2] Xie, Le, and Marija D. Ilic. Model predictive dispatch in electric energy systems with intermittent resources., In Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2008. SMC 2008. IEEE International Conference on, pp.42-47. IEEE, (2008).

DOI: 10.1109/icsmc.2008.4811248

[3] Furushima, Kaoru, Yutaka Nawata, and Michio Sadatomi. Prediction of PV (PV) power output considering weather effects., In Proceedings of the SOLAR, pp.7-13. (2006).

DOI: 10.1115/isec2006-99024

[4] Hatziargyriou, Nikos, Hiroshi Asano, Reza Iravani, and Chris Marnay. Microgrids., Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE 5, no. 4 (2007): 78-94.

DOI: 10.1109/mpae.2007.376583

[5] Kroposki, Benjamin, Robert Lasseter, Toshifumi Ise, Satoshi Morozumi, S. Papatlianassiou, and Nikos Hatziargyriou. Making microgrids work., Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE 6, no. 3 (2008): 40-53.

DOI: 10.1109/mpe.2008.918718

[6] Bernal-Agustín, José L., and Rodolfo Dufo-Lopez. Simulation and optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13. 8 (2009): 2111-2118.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.01.010

[7] Zamora, Ramon, and Anurag K. Srivastava. Controls for microgrids with storage: Review, challenges, and research needs., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, no. 7 (2010): 2009-(2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.019

[8] Divya, K. C., and Jacob Østergaard. Battery energy storage technology for power systems—An overview., Electric Power Systems Research 79, no. 4 (2009): 511-520.

DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.09.017

[9] Zhao, Bo, Xuesong Zhang, Jian Chen, Caisheng Wang, and Li Guo. Operation optimization of standalone microgrids considering lifetime characteristics of battery energy storage system., Sustainable Energy, IEEE Transactions on 4, no. 4 (2013).

DOI: 10.1109/tste.2013.2248400

[10] Etxeberria, Aitor, Ionel Vechiu, Haritza Camblong, and Jean-Michel Vinassa. Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy sources integration in microgrids: A review., In IPEC, 2010 Conference Proceedings, pp.532-537. IEEE, (2010).

DOI: 10.1109/ipecon.2010.5697053

[11] Zhou, Lin, Yong Huang, Ke Guo, and Yu Feng. A survey of energy storage technology for micro grid., Power System Protection and Control 39, no. 7 (2011): 147-152.

[12] F. Belhachemi , S. Rael and B. Davat A physical based model of power electric double-layer supercapacitors, Proc. IEEE Ind. Appl. Conf., pp.2069-3076, (2000).

DOI: 10.1109/ias.2000.882604

[13] Zubieta, Luis, and Richard Bonert. Characterization of double-layer capacitors for power electronics applications., Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on 36, no. 1 (2000): 199-205.

DOI: 10.1109/28.821816

[14] S. Mallika and R. S. Kuma Review on ultracapacitor-battery interface for energy management system, Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp.37-43, (2011).

[15] Glavin, M. E., and W. G. Hurley. Optimisation of a PV battery ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system., Solar Energy 86, no. 10 (2012): 3009-3020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.005

[16] Dougal, Roger A., et al. Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids., Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on 25, no. 1 (2002): 120-131.

DOI: 10.1109/6144.991184

[17] KObAyASHi, Hirokazu, K. Takigawa, E. Hashimoto, A. Kitamura, and H. Matsuda. Method for preventing islanding phenomenon on utility grid with a number of small scale PV systems., In PV Specialists Conference, 1991., Conference Record of the Twenty Second IEEE, pp.695-700. IEEE, (1991).

DOI: 10.1109/pvsc.1991.169299

[18] Bolduc, Phil, David Lehmicke, and Joseph Smith. Performance of a grid-connected PV system with energy storage., In PV Specialists Conference, 1993., Conference Record of the Twenty Third IEEE, pp.1159-1162. IEEE, (1993).

DOI: 10.1109/pvsc.1993.346959

[19] Shen, W. X. Optimally sizing of solar array and battery in a standalone photovoltaic system in Malaysia., Renewable energy 34. 1 (2009): 348-352.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.03.015

[20] Copetti, J. B., E. Lorenzo, and F. Chenlo. A general battery model for PV system simulation., Progress in Photovoltaics: research and applications 1. 4 (1993): 283-292.

DOI: 10.1002/pip.4670010405

[21] Teulings, W. J. A., J. C. Marpinard, A. Capel, and D. O'Sullivan. A new maximum power point tracking system. " In Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1993. PESC, 93 Record., 24th Annual IEEE, pp.833-838. IEEE, (1993).

DOI: 10.1109/pesc.1993.472018

[22] Nozaki, Yousuke, K. Akiyama, H. Kawaguchi, and Kosuke Kurokawa. An improved method for controlling an EDLC-battery hybrid stand-alone PV power system., In Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2000. APEC 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE, vol. 2, pp.781-786. IEEE, (2000).

DOI: 10.1109/apec.2000.822593

[23] Lukic, Srdjan M., Sanjaka G. Wirasingha, Fernando Rodriguez, Jian Cao, and Ali Emadi. Power management of an ultracapacitor/battery hybrid energy storage system in an HEV. " In Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2006. VPPC, 06. IEEE, pp.1-6. IEEE, (2006).

DOI: 10.1109/vppc.2006.364357

[24] Glavin, M. E., Paul KW Chan, S. Armstrong, and W. G. Hurley. A stand-alone PV supercapacitor battery hybrid energy storage system., In Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2008. EPE-PEMC 2008. 13th, pp.1688-1695. IEEE, (2008).

DOI: 10.1109/epepemc.2008.4635510

[25] Glavin, M. E., and W. G. Hurley. Optimisation of a PV battery ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system., Solar Energy 86, no. 10 (2012): 3009-3020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.005

[26] Kuperman, Alon, and Ilan Aharon. Battery–ultracapacitor hybrids for pulsed current loads: A review., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 2 (2011): 981-992.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.010

[27] Etxeberria, Aitor, Ionel Vechiu, Haritza Camblong, and J-M. Vinassa. Comparison of three topologies and controls of a hybrid energy storage system for microgrids., Energy Conversion and Management 54, no. 1 (2012): 113-121.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.10.012

[28] Ma, Tao, Hongxing Yang, and Lin Lu. Development of hybrid battery–supercapacitor energy storage for remote area renewable energy systems., Applied Energy (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.008

[29] Jardini, José Antonio, et al. Daily load profiles for residential, commercial and industrial low voltage consumers., Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on 15. 1 (2000): 375-380.

DOI: 10.1109/61.847276

[30] BoM, Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government. Available [Online] at: http: /reg. bom. gov. au.