Effect of Vulcanization Additive on Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Silica Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Truck Tyre Tread Compound

Abstract:

The challenges of using Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR) in truck tyre tread are to achieve good cure reversion resistant and physical properties especially on abrasion resistance towards long vulcanization time. The objectives of the project are to study the effects of vulcanization additive on cure characteristics and physical properties of silica filled ENR compound. In this work, a variation of curing systems were employed and a standard carbon black filled Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber (NR/BR) compound as a comparison. Greater reversion resistance and physical properties were observed with inclusion of vulcanization additive in the silica compound as compared to compound containing any. The abrasion resistance on the hand improved in spite of long vulcanisation time which commonly practices in truck tyre manufacturing. Keywords: ENR, silica, vulcanization additive, cure reversion, abrasion resistance

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1107)
• Pages: 113-118
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1107.113
• Online since: June 2015
• Authors: Ahmad Kifli Che Aziz*, Teku Zakwan Zaeimoedin, Mazlina Mustafa Kamal
• Keywords: Abrasion Resistance, Cure Reversion, ENR, Silica, Vulcanization Additive

References

[1] P.A. Ita, Filler Requirements In the Tire Industry: Carbon Black & Precipitated Silica. 2005. Tire Technology Expo & Conference 2005, Koln Messe, Cologne, Germany.

[2] John Dinkel. 1995. Where the Silica Meets the Road, information on http: /discovermagazine. com/1995/apr/wherethesilicame497.

[3] M. J. Wang, Billerica, Effect of Filler-Elastomer Interaction on Tire Tread Performance Part II. Raw Materials and Applications. KGK January/February 2008, 33-42.

[4] Chanvoot Koolhiran, James L. White. Comparison of Intermeshing Rotor and Traditional Rotors of Internal Mixers in Dispersing Silica and Other Fillers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 78 (2000) 1551–1554.

DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20001121)78:8<1551::aid-app120>3.0.co;2-#

[5] F. Cataldo. Preparation of Silica-Based Rubber Compounds without the Use of a Silane Coupling Agent through the Use of Epoxidized Natural Rubber, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 287 (2002) 348-352.

DOI: 10.1002/1439-2054(20020501)287:5<348::aid-mame348>3.0.co;2-1

[6] K.M. George, J.K. Varkey, B. George, S. Joseph, K.T. Thomas, and N.M. Mathew, Physical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Nitrile Rubber Modified with Epoxidized Natural Rubber, Elastomere und Kunststoffe, KGK Oktober 2006, 544-549.

DOI: 10.1002/app.10658

[7] Naohiko Kikuchi, Kazuo Hochi, Takuya Horuguchi. Eco Tire. U.S. Patent No. 7275572 (2007).

[8] Your Question Answered, Rubber Developments, Vol. 42, No. 2 (1989) 46-47.

[9] I.R. Gelling, Epoxidised Natural Rubber, Journal of Natural Rubber Research, Vol. 6 No. 3 (1991) 184-205.

[10] K. T. Thomas, Molecular Breakdown of Different Forms of Natural Rubber and Its Influence on Properties of Their Mixes and Vulcanizates, Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology, (1997).

[11] R. N. Datta, N. M. Huntink, S. Datta, A. G. Talma, Rubber Vulcanizates Degradation and Stabilization, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 80 (2007) 436-480.

DOI: 10.5254/1.3548174

[12] Byron H. To, Frederick Ignatz-Hoover and Gilbert Anthoine, Better Thermal and Thermal Oxidative Aging Resistance, Rubber & Plastics News, October 16, (2006) 1-7.

[13] Martin P. Cohen, Richard M. D'Sidocky, Rubber Chemicals, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons (2004) 557-612.

[14] Z. H. Li, J. Zhang, S. J. Chen, Effects of Carbon Blacks with Various Structures on Vulcanization and Reinforcement of Filled Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber, eXPRESS Polymer Letters Vol. 2, No. 10 (2008) 695–704.

DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.83

[15] L. Gonza´lez,A. Rodrı´guez, J.L. Valentı´n, A. Marcos-Ferna´ndez, P. Posadas, Conventional and Efficient Crosslinking of Natural Rubber, Effect of Heterogeneities on the Physical Properties, Elastomere und Kunststoffe, KGK December (2005).

[16] Sadhan K. De, Jim R. White, Rubber Technologist's Handbook, Vol. 1, (2001) 184-185.

[17] Ruldoph D. Deanin, Polymer Structure, Properties and Applications, Cahners Books (1972) 423-425.

[18] Brendan Rodgers and Walter Waddell, The Science of Rubber Compounding, The Science and Technology of Rubber, Elsevier Academic Press (2005) 401-454.

DOI: 10.1016/b978-012464786-2/50012-2