Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1162

Abstract: Chalcone has a variety of interesting biological activities, including as an antioxidant and anticancer. Antioxidants are molecules that can retard or prevent the oxidation process or inhibit the formation of free radicals. p-Hydroxy-m-Methoxy Chalcone (pHmMC) is a chalcone derivative reported has anticancer activity both in used single and in combination treatment with Doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cell lines. DOX is one of the chemotherapy agents widely used in cancer treatment but the medicine has side effects of cardiotoxicity. This effect is generally associated with free radical formation. This study aims to find out the activity of pHmMC as an antioxidant both in used single and in combination treatment with DOX by in vitro and to explore the potential of pHmMC as an antioxidant by in silico. Activity tests as antioxidants were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was used as a positive control. Antioxidant activity was calculated as the value of 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC₅₀). In silico study was carried out by molecular docking using Protein Ligand ANT System (PLANTS) software with peroxiredoxin 5 [1HD2] as the target. The results showed that the IC₅₀ values of pHmMC, DOX, and Vitamin C were 11.9; 21.6 and 3.3 μ/mL respectively. The combination of pHmMC-DOX has a higher antioxidant activity than single pHmMC or single DOX. The docking molecular showed that there were similarities amino acids involved in the interaction between PRDX5[1HD2]-pHmMC and PRDX5[1HD2]-DOX. This research indicated that pHmMC and pHmMC-DOX are potentially developed as an antioxidant.

Abstract: The combination of herb medicine is alternative option in hypertension because it has more potential for treatment with complications like hyperlipida. Plant which can be used for anti-hypertension therapy is combination of celery herb (Apium graveolens) and bay leaf ethanol extract (Syzygium polyanthum). This research aims to determine the activity of a combination of celery herb ethanol extract (CHEE) and bay leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) and find out how much the decrease of blood pressure on the combination of both toward hypertension with high fat Wistar mice. The design of this research used an experimental design with pre-post control group design. Hypertensive mice are induced with high fat feed and orally with sodium chloride 8%, then the mice are supplied with combinations extract with the dose of 1.125 ; 6.25 ; 2.25 ; 12.5 and 4.5 ; 25 mg/kg, hydrochlorotiazide 2.25 mg/kg, Simvastatin 0.9 mg/kg, CHEE 4.5 mg/kg, BLEE 25 mg/kg and CMC-Na 0.5%. Research result shows that the combination can decrease systole blood pressure in the 22^nd day. The extract combination has anti-hypertension effect (it is able to decrease systole blood pressure ≥ 20 mmHg) and it is not significantly different with normal group (p<0.05). Based on the research, it can be concluded that ethanol extract combination can decrease systole blood pressure with high fat complications after using it for 22 days.

Abstract: The betel (Piper betle) leaves have been using for traditional medicine in several tropical countries, like Indonesia. The betel leaves have the antimicrobial property for inhibiting the growth of microbes. In this study, cotton fabric was treated with the betel leaves extract 1, 5 and 10 g/l. The peper betel leaves are extracted by using boiling water up to half. The betel leaf extract was imparted onto the cotton fabrics for underclothes apparel using a pad-dry-cure. The antimicrobial activity property of treat cotton fabrics was assessed (Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Candida albicans AATCC 100-2004). The piper betle extract more effective to inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans than Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a good bacteria around the vagina, can still grow. From the result of this study, betel leaf is an antiseptic, then can be used in preventing vaginal discharge. The durability of the betel leaf extract on the cotton fabric did not decrease significantly after washing 15 times using Lounder O’meter machine washing. The excellent performance of antimicrobial on the fabrics can keep clean and can help the vaginal area keep clean, odorless, and is expected to prevent vaginal discharge.

Abstract: Celery herb contains flavonoid which can hamper cholesterol synthesis through inhibitor HMG-CoA reductase. Bay leaf has a working mechanism that stimulates bile fluid secretion and stimulates blood circulation. This research aims to know the activity combinations of bay leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) and celery herb ethanol extract (CHEE) and to know which dose mostly can decrease lipid profile levels. The design of this research uses experimental with pre-post control group design. The mice are rendered with NaCl 8% solution and High Fat Feed. The mice are divided into 9 groups, in each group there are 5 mice which are normal group, control group, HCT group, Simvastatin group, and CHEE 4.50 mg/kgBW, BLEE 25.00 mg/kgBW, combination 1, combination 2, and combination 3. Data analysis is conducted with Normality test, One Way ANOVA test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney. Based on the research after they are induced with NaCl 8% solvent and given high-fat feed, the extract can increase total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, LDL, and also significantly decrease HDL (p <0.05). After giving a test extract solution, it can reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and also significantly increase HDL levels (p <0.05). The conclusion, the three variations combinations dose can decrease total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, and also increase HDL levels, and combination dose 3 has the greatest decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and the highest increase in HDL levels. So the lower the total cholesterol level, the lower the possibility of hypertension.

Abstract: Saliva becomes an alternative biological matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) application since there is a strong correlation between warfarin plasma concentration and saliva; further, the sampling is non-invasive and more comply with pediatric and geriatric patients. This study aims to validate the parameters of the warfarin bioanalytical method in spiked-saliva according to the criteria from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the Guidance for Industry Bioanalytical Method Validation. The method used is Fluorometric HPLC with an excitation wavelength of 310 nm and an emission wavelength of 390 nm. The mobile phase involved is phosphate buffer-methanol, and the stationary phase is C18. The LoD and LoQ obtained are 0.71 ng/mL and 2.16 ng/mL, respectively. The coefficient of variation and %diff in the selectivity, accuracy, and precision parameters have met the criteria of the bioanalytical method of less than 20%. Meanwhile, the average %recovery is 101.30%. To conclude, the developed warfarin bioanalytical method has fulfilled the established criteria. It can, therefore, be used to determine warfarin concentration in saliva as an alternative method for TDM services in the clinical domain.

Abstract: Warfarin is an anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index ranging from 1-10 µg/mL as well as the ability to distribute into saliva. Therefore, saliva can be selected as an alternative biological fluid in warfarin bioanalysis of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) since it is easier and more acceptable, particularly among pediatric and geriatric patients. Stability is an important part of the bioanalysis of warfarin in TDM services. This study aims to conduct a stability of warfarin in spiked-saliva using Fluorometric HPLC at an excitation wavelength of 310 nm and 390 nm emission. Analytes were separated using phosphate buffer:methanol as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and an injection volume of 20µL as well as 150mmx4.5mm C₁₈ as the stationary phase. The standard curve of warfarin with a concentration range of 0-20 ng/mL resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.999. This study showed that the warfarin stock solution was stable at both 25°C and 4°C for 24 hours and 21 days, respectively. Meanwhile, warfarin in the saliva matrix also remained stable at 25°C for 24 hours and in a storage condition of -20°C for 21 days. In this research, the sample of saliva from patients administered with warfarin that has been treated with a maximum freeze-thaw cycle of 3-fold or 24 hours after preparation could consistently provide accurate data to be used as an approach to making a decision on dosage adjustment and diagnosis of warfarin toxicity in the clinical setting.