Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1184

Abstract: Sustainable concrete has become more popular due to supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) that help achieve sustainability. Despite the well-established benefits of these SCMs, the search for substitute materials continues as they become harder to find and adapt to changes with the industry. Concrete performance may be enhanced using bentonite, a commercially available clay mineral that shows promise as an SCM. In the present work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the compressive strength of cement-based mortar incorporating bentonite as a SCM, by training it on existing data, allowing for better performance and mix design improvement. A comprehensive experimental database comprising test specimens was established. A critical assessment of the collected experimental data suggested that there are several key parameters governing compressive strength gains. The proposed model's parameters, such as weights, biases, and transfer functions, were effectively transformed into a mathematical model that correlates the compressive strength with the key input parameters. An experimental investigation measuring the impact of treating bentonite at various temperatures on compressive strength was also included in the study.The statistical evaluation results indicated that a three-layered Artificial Neural Network model with different hidden neurons could precisely estimate the compressive strength of mortar mixtures modified with bentonite, showing strong agreement with the experimental results. The mortar's compressive strength may be increased by partially replacing cement with calcined bentonite, especially in the initial stages. The type of bentonite and the intended performance determine the appropriate replacement rate and calcination temperature.

Abstract: Alternative approach. Incorporating these materials has the potential to protect the environment from pollution on one hand and modify the asphalt paving materials on the other hand. It can use these materials as a replacement for virgin aggregate. The waste materials recycled tire rubber have been evaluated as supplementary materials with (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.7) % by total weight of aggregate and retained on sieve (2.36, 0.3) mm, and the other waste material ( crushed glass waste ) was used in (5,15,25,30) % by the weight of aggregate on each sieve (4.75,2.36,0.3,0.075) mm. Styrene – Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) was used as an asphalt cement modifier, and it was added as a partial replacement of asphalt content with (4) % by weight of asphalt. Most of these waste materials can be classified as sustainable due to their origin from old scrap materials. This study objects to assess the influence of recycled tire Rubber ,crushed glass waste, and styrene butadiene styrenec on the performance and mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures and limestone utilized as mineral filler. The study involves creating a standards reference mixture for evaluation and two mixture with varying amounts of recycled asphalt paving. This experimental work used Marshall Properties, indirect tensile strength, and wheel track tests to determine the influence of varying waste materials on the performance of compacted asphalt paving materials on highways. In Summary, using CGW (Crushed Glass Waste), the mix's overall sustainability can be improved by lowering the amount of virgin materials needed. A binder changed by SBS can increase durability and resistance to rutting damage. 15 mm was the rutting depth at 5% CGW (Crushed Glass Waste), and 16.35 KN is the maximum rate for marshal stability. incorporating damaged tires into the asphalt mixture gives a stable product close to the reference mixture by about (15.35 KN) and ITS for conditioned and unconditioned was (1468,1275) . Finally, crushed glass waste and damaged tire waste in the asphalt mixture in certain proportions and only in fine aggregates and in specific gradations is recommended because it gives results comparable to the results of the reference mixture. Recycled glass is suitable for low-volume and low-speed highways, road bases, and recreational pavements like footpaths. Using (CGW and CR (Crumb Rubber )) in conjunction with SBS-modified binders within asphalt mixtures can enhance the resistance against moisture- induced damage and Rutting while enhancing the general durability and sustainability of hot asphalt mixes.