Methods of Controlling THMs and HAAs Formation during Reclaimed Water Chlorination

Abstract:

Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation character of two samples collected from a reclaimed water treatment plant (RWTP) in North China was investigated, and the chlorination was found brought a high THMs (0.30~0.36μmol/mmol-DOC) and HAAs (2.38~3.07μmol/mmol-DOC) yields in the samples. In order to control THMs and HAAs formation during reclaimed water chlorination, the impact of ammonia addition (to NH3-N=8.3, 17, 24, 30mg/L), pH adjusting (to pH=4.4, 5.04, 7.93, 8.7) and ozone oxidation (with 5.1, 9.3, 13.6, 17.4mg-O₃/L) before sample chlorination were tested respectively and compared with each other. Finally, ammonia addition (to NH₃-N=17mg/L) was proven with greatest efficacy on DBP formation and bromide incorporation control (TTHM, THAA, THM bromide incorporation and HAA bromide incorporation were reduced by 15.41%, 28.21%, 26.88% and 13.63% respectively).

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 554-556)
• Pages: 2073-2079
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.554-556.2073
• Online since: July 2012
• Authors: Guang Yu Zhou, Xin Hua Zhao
• Keywords: Ammonia, HAA, Ozone Oxidation, pH Value, Reclaimed Water Chlorination, THM

References

[1] J.Y. Chu, J.N. Chen, C. Wang and P. Fu: Water Res. Vol. 38 (2004), p.2746–2756.

[2] H.Y. Hu, L.S. Wang and D.B. Wei: World Sci.-Technol. R&D. Vol. 27 (2005), p.35–41 (in Chinese).

[3] Y.L. Zhao and X.F. Li: Environ. Chem. Vol. 30 (2011), pp.20-33 (in Chinese).

[4] D.J. Munch and D.P. Hautman, USEPA Method 551.1. (1995)

[5] M.M. Domino, B.V. Pepich, D.J. Munch, P.S. Fair and Y. Xie, USEPA Method 552.3. (2003)

[6] National Environmental Protection Agency, Water and Wastewater Examination Standard Methods (4th ed.), China Environmental Science Press, Beijing (2002, in Chinese).

[7] S.J. Wang, J. Ma, Y.X. Yang, J. Zhang, Q.D. Qin and T. Liang: Environ. Sci. Vol. 28 (2007), pp.2520-2525 (in Chinese).

[8] Y.X. Sun, Q.Y. Wu, H.Y. Hu and J. Tian: Water Res. Vol. 43 (2009), p.2391–2398.

[9] X.R. Zhang and R.A. Minear: Water Res. Vol. 36 (2002), p.3665–3673.

[10] A.D. Nikolaou, T.D. Lekkas and S.K. Golfinopoulos: Chem. Eng. J. Vol. 100 (2004), p.139–148.

[11] H. Zhang, J.H. Qu, H.J. Liu and X. Zhao: Sci. China. Vol. 38 (2008), p.728–736.

[12] Y.X. Sun, Q.Y. Wu, H.Y. Hu and J. Tian: J. Hazard. Mater. Vol. 168 (2009), p.1290–1295.

[13] R. Lamsal, M.E. Walsh and G.A. Gagnon: Water Res. Vol. 45 (2011), p.3263–3269.

[14] P. Vikesland, K. Ozekin and R. Valentine: Water Res. Vol. 35 (2001), p.1766–1776.

[15] Y.N. Qi, C. Shang and I.M.C. Lo: Water Res. Vol. 38 (2004), p.2375–2383.

[16] V.L. Tieu, J.P. Christopher and P. Roger: Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 16 (1982), p.473–479.

[17] A. Bousher, P. Brimblecombe and D. Midgley: Water Res. Vol. 23 (1989), p.1049–1058.

[18] GB/T 18920-2002, Reuse of recycling water for urban-Water quality standard for urban miscellaneous water consumption (2002, in Chinese).

[19] V.L. Snoeyink and D. Jenkins: Water Chemistry, John Wiley Publishing, New York (1980).

[20] D.W. Margerum, L.M. Schurter, J. Hobson and E.E. Moore: Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 28 (1994), p.331–337.

[21] N. Lahoutifard, P. Lagrange and J. Lagrange: Chemosphere. Vol. 50 (2003), p.1349–1357.

[22] X.S. Yan and J.C. Fan: Water Supplying Engineering (4th ed.), China Architecture & Building Press Publishing, Beijing (1999, in Chinese).

[23] T. Bond, O. Henriet, E. Goslan, S.A. Parsons and B. Jefferson: Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 43 (2009), p.5982–5989.

DOI: 10.1021/es900686p

[24] H.C. Hong, M.H. Wong and Y. Liang: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Vol. 56 (2009), p.638–645.

[25] P.C. Singer: Arch. Water. Sci. Technol. Vol. 40 (1999), p.25–30.

[26] X.R. Zhang, S. Echigo, H.X. Lei, M.E. Smith, R.A. Minear and J.W. Talley: Water Res. Vol. 39 (2005), p.423–435.