Advanced Materials Research Vol. 629

Abstract: The combination of ship gas turbine working at special environment, this article pass through the study of base oil and composite additive, developed an application marine environment of the ship gas turbine reducer lubricants. According to comprehensive performance assessment, the product has excellent high-temperature anti-oxidant, anti-wear, corrosion inhibition and anti-foam performance. The indicators have reached the requirements. With the development of China's ship gas turbine technology, especially UGT25000 ship gas turbine technology is imported from Ukraine, as well as the recent introduction of the GE LM2500 + G4 Series of technology for power plant of construction. The localization of the supporting facilities are growing louder, there is a strong market rigid demand. Ship gas turbine must be one of the trends of the development of Marine Power. Ship gas turbine due to light weight, small size, stand-alone power, fast start; less pollution, vibration, high thermal efficiency and gas initial temperature, it is easy to realize the cascade of energy use, economy, received widespread attention and application. China's ship gas turbine of modification and design draw the aero-engine, ship gas turbine is a continuous rotation of the impeller mechanical heat engine; it is mainly composed by three parts of the compressor, gas generator and gas turbine. Ships generally use diesel (fuel have heavy trend, the heavy diesel oil or No. 200 heavy oil will be used) as fuel, in order to adapt the ship gas turbine, ship gas turbine need to transform, particularly its' lubrication system [1]. Foreign aviation gas engine lubricants are based on the U.S. standard as a reference, due to the differences of using purpose and fuel, so that the ship gas turbine oil has different requirements. Since ship gas Turbine Technology started late in China, the ship gas turbine core engine technology patents come from the United States, Russia and Ukraine, so the use of gas turbine lubricants, as well as matching accessories and other standards, which are more or less directed reference to refer to the original foreign standards [2,3]. We have never been established using standard ship gas turbine oil. Ship gas turbine apply to the special conditions (high humidity, salt spray, etc.), the ship gas turbine of lubrication has a higher demand, particularly for the ship gas turbine reducer of lubrication. The ship gas turbine reducer work in the low-speed heavy-duty and high-speed heavy-duty , high strength, high shear conditions, how ensure the ship gas turbine reducer to normal work is very important at high load conditions. In this regard, developing of a ship gas turbine reducer lubricant is very necessary.

Abstract: Wood powder is widely used in production of wood-plastic composite materials, paint, animal feed, etc. In this paper, shape features of wood powder were analyzed and its performance in papermaking was tested. Based on the theoretical basis of deposition technique and electrostatic attraction mechanism between cationic ion and anionic ion, wood powder was coated with carboxymethylcellulose. And, then, the charge reversal has occurred on the wood powder with aluminum sulfate and polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin. Coated wood powder can be more easily adsorbed on the fiber due to anionic charge. The experimental results show that the papermaking performance of wood powder is improved by coating with carboxymethylcellulose. The wood powder can be used in papermaking by appending a certain percentage of bleached kraft pulp. The bulkiness of paper presents an increasing trend with the increasing of wood powder addition. However the tensile index of paper has a certain decreased. Its physical property is suited to usage.

Abstract: Using Poplar P-RC APMP as raw materials for culture paper making, the effect of conventional papermaking process and P-RC APMP fines-calcium carbonate co-flocculation process on the P-RC APMP culture paper properties were studied. The result showed that, comparing to the conventional papermaking process, co-flocculation process can supply paper with better strength properties, bulk and whiteness. When precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC) were added respectively in conventional papermaking process, the PCC supplied handsheets with better bulk and whiteness, while GCC supplied handsheets with better strength properties. In the co-flocculation process, the effects of PCC and GCC were nearly the same in strength properties and bulk of handsheets, but PCC was more beneficial for whiteness. SEM images showed that PCC distributed more evenly in the fiber network, and well-bonded with fiber network. The particle size of GCC is relatively small, mainly filled in the fiber network and wrapped on the fiber.

Abstract: A new concept of enzymatic coloration of silk fiber with tea polyphenols (TP) in the presence of Rhus vernicifera Laccase was proposed in this study. Three methods were investigated: the simultaneous enzymatic polymerization of TP and coloration of silk, the polymerization of TP with laccase followed by a further coloration of silk, and the adsorption of TP by silk followed by laccase treatment. All the methods, especially the first two methods can increase the color depth of silk and improve the color fastness. The color depth of silk increases with the dyeing time and the laccase concentration up to 4 U/mL at pH 5.0 and 50oC.

Abstract: Aiming at the removal of chlorinated disinfection by-products in water and the difficulty of separation of powder bentonite from water, the polyacrylamide bentonite composite was prepared and used as absorbent. The mechanism of adsorption and regeneration was discussed. The adsorption of chloroacetic acid on polyacrylamide bentonite composite followed Langmuir isothermal and Pseudo second order kinetic equation, and the adsorption capacity was 63.01mg/g at optimal temperature 30°C. The sorption heat were at the range of 9~16kJ/mol and decreased with the increase of temperature. It was indicated the adsorption mainly belonged to chemical adsorption, and the proportion of physical adsorption increased with the temperature increase. The thermodynamic parameters were ΔH0=-5.226kJ/mol, ΔG0=-27.753kJ/mol. These showed the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermal process. The composites were characterized by XRD and FT-IR. It was found the acrylamide intercalated in interlayer of bentonite and polymerized, then interacted with bentonite by hydrogen bonds. The d001 increased and decreased with adsorption and regeneration, the chloroacetic acid was considered to intercalate in the interlayer of polyacrylamide bentonite composite. The hydrogen bonds may exist between chloroacetic acid and CH2 groups. The polyacrylamide bentonite composite adsorbed chloroacetic acid could be regenerated by NaOH solution.

Abstract: The carbonization thermal dynamic process of coal tar refined soft pitch(CTRSP) is studied by using a polarizing microscope with a heat stage. The pitch is preprated and it’s characteristics are that the soft point of 30°C, group compositions consist of 54.80% heptane soluble, 48.77% heptane insoluble but toluene soluble, 5.95% toluene insoluble but quinoline soluble and 0.08% quinoline insoluble, relative average molecular weight of about 292, average molecular structure of five- rings linear arrangement and cata-condensed structure. The polarizing microphotographs show that temperature of mesophase spherules beginning formation in the pitch is 440°C. To avoid speed of spherules generated is too fast, the temperature is decreased to 420°C at a rate of 10°C/min, and these spherules grow slowly at 420°C for 5 min. Then during temperature is raised to 500°C at rate of 3°C/min, these spherules change into bigger mesophase spheres because of absorbing matrix or colliding and coalescence between spherules. These bigger mesophase spheres absorb matrix or colliding and combine between bigger spherule again, finally because of gravity at 500°C, big mesophase spheres deform gradually, and develop into the semi-coke with streamline or clipper-built and/or coarse- fibrotic modality.

Abstract: On the basis of physical truth of long Interval gas well in Puguang, it proposes a technology for adding temporary plugging agent in the second acid fracturing fluid. The CKHG-1 system and polyester fibre solid intensifier have been synthetized and taken infrared spectroscopic analysis. A series of experiments have been done such as density, molecular weight, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, acid soluble rate and core flowing experiment. The results were obtained through tests, including temporary plugging agent density of 1.2297 g/ml, average molecular weight of 1.27×10⁵, glass-transition temperature of 61°C, temporary plugging particles covering fixed effect was ideal, acid soluble rate after four hours of 95%, temporary plugging rate >99%. They can meet actual conditions in worksite.

Abstract: The vapor-phase aldol condensation of methyl acetate (MeOAC) with formaldehyde (HCHO) to form methyl acrylate was investigated over solid base catalysts. A variety of solid base catalysts were prepared by loading Cs₂O over SiO₂ or Al₂O₃ as the support materials. The properties of the solid base catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET and CO₂-TPD. The results of the vapor-phase aldol condensation indicated that SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ modified with Cs₂O showed high conversation of methyl acetate and high selectivity of methyl acrylate. 22.6% conversation of methyl acetate and 16.5% yield of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate were obtained over Cs-Al₂O₃. In addition, Cs-SiO₂ exhibited about 42% selectivity to methyl acetate. The high yield of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate is attributed to the high base property of catalysts.

Abstract: Methylation of toluene with methanol to synthesize p-Xylene was performed in a fixed-bed reactor. HZSM-5 zeolite as a catalyst was prepared by modification with La₂O₃. In addition, effect of steam treatment for La₂O₃-modified HZSM-5 on its catalytic performance was investigated as well. The properties of as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET and NH₃-TPD. The results indicate that modification with La₂O₃ can narrow the size of HZSM-5 channel effectively. And more than 90% selectivity of p-Xylene is obtained over HZSM-5 with loading of 24% and 30% La₂O₃. However, above La₂O₃-modified HZSM-5 with high-selectivity exhibit a poor stability for time on-stream of the methylation reaction. Steam treatment of La₂O₃-modified HZSM-5 can improve its stability and shape selectivity, decreasing by-products. These effects can be attributed to distortion & narrowing of HZSM-5 channel and reduction of HZSM-5 strong Bronsted acid sites during steam treatment. As a result, the excellent catalytic performance is obtained over 24.0% La₂O₃-modified HZSM-5 by steam treatment at 773 K for 1.0 h, being 23% conversion of toluene, 93% selectivity of p-Xylene during time on-stream.

Abstract: A zwitterionic copolymer has been synthesized and a common optimum concentration of dispersant for the stabilized Al₂O₃ suspensions is found at 0.04wt%, which represents the adsorption saturation limit of polyelectrolytes at Al₂O₃ –water interface at pH = 10. Based on the results from rheological measurements, involving the effect of dispersant concentration, a stable broader dispersant concentration range of 0.4wt% ~ 0.22wt% is observed for suspensions with solids loading ≤ 50vol%, a stable broader pH range of 7.0 ~ 11.2 for suspension with solids loading ≤ 50vol%, and a stable pH range of 1.2 ~ 2.0 for suspensions with solids loading ≤ 40vol%.