Experimental Investigation of Utilizing Industrial Waste and Byproduct Materials in Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM)

Abstract:

Laboratory experiments were conducted in this study to investigate the suitability and applicability of incorporating fly ash, bottom ash and paper sludge with various contents into CLSM mixtures. Fly ash was used as a substitute for Portland cement, bottom ash was added by partially replacing fine aggregate, while paper sludge was treated as a fibrous admixture. Physical and mechanically properties of the CLSM mixtures were examined through flowability, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength tests. The test results indicated that both fly ash and bottom ash can be potentially used as basic materials for CLSM mixtures with desirable performances, and by limiting the amount of cement used in the mixture, the ultimate strength of CLSM could be easily controlled available for excavation. The strength of the CLSM mixtures were reduced to some extent by incorporating high content of fly ash, while they were significantly increased with high content of natural sand replaced by bottom ash. Due to the high water absorption of the paper sludge, the mixture with paper sludge added exhibited relatively low flowability, and it showed no benefits on enhancing compressive and splitting tensile strengths as common fibrous materials.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 639-640)
• Pages: 299-303
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.639-640.299
• Online since: January 2013
• Authors: Hao Wu, Jian Yin, Shu Bai
• Keywords: Bottom Ash, Byproduct Materials, CLSM, Fly Ash (FA), Paper Sludge, Waste Materials

References

[1] Code of practice for land spreading paper mill sludge, the Paper Federation of Great Britain, 1998.

[2] Usherton, J. Recycled paper and sludge. Resource recycling, pp.95-100, 1992.

[3] Naik, T.R., Friberg, T.S., and Chun, Y.-M. Use of Pulp and Paper Mill Residual Solids in Production of Cellucrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, No. 7, 2004, pp.1229-1234.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.013

[4] S.A. Balwaik and S.P. Raut. Utilization of Waste Paper Pulp by Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications.

[5] Chun, Y.-M., and Naik, T.R. Concrete with Paper Industry Fibrous Residuals: Mixture Proportioning, ACI Materials Journal, Vol.102, No. 4, 2005, pp.237-243.

DOI: 10.14359/14616

[6] ACI 229R. Controlled low strength materials. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA, 1999.

[7] Folliard, K.J. et al. Development of a Recommended Practice for Use of Controlled Low-Strength Material in Highway Construction, NCHRP Report 596, 2008.

[8] Katz and K. Kovler. Utilization of industrial by-products for the production of controlled low strength materials (CLSM), Waste Management, Vol.24, 2004, pp.501-512.

DOI: 10.1016/s0956-053x(03)00134-x

[9] M.A. Gabr and John J. Bowders. Controlled low-strength material using fly ash and AMD sludge, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 76, 2000, pp.251-263.

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00202-8