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In Situ Transesterification of Vegetable Oil for Biodiesel Production via Ultrasound Clamp on Tubular Reactor as an Environment Sustainable Manufacturing Process
Abstract:
Biodiesel is defines as monoalkyl fatty acid ester has represents a promising alternative to be substituted as an alternative fuel for the use of diesel engines and it is produced by chemically reacting the vegetable oil with an alcohol in a process called the transesterification process. The reaction usually requires a catalyst such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methanol to obtain chemical compound called methyl esters which will then be known as biodiesel. The approach of this research is to enhance the yielding of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAME by using ultrasound clamp on tubular reactor. With the assistance of the ultrasound clamp, immiscible liquids such as the vegetable oil and methanol will be able to emulsify together in a short period of time comparing to the conventional method which is by stirring the mixture leading to a longer period of time to emulsify and to achieve the desired yield of FAME. The use of ultrasonic energy will eventually cause the rapid movement of the mixture hence creating cavities where the liquids will breaks down and cavitation bubbles is produced. The optimum results for biodiesel production using ultrasound clamp assisted on the tubular reactor is 1 minute with the conversion of esters 94 % as compared to the previous researcher which achieve 98 % of esters conversion within 5 minutes. Higher esters conversion was achieved through the presence of methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1 and 12:1, catalyst concentration of 0.75 Wt. % , 1.00 Wt. % and reaction temperature at 64 oC is being studied.
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286-290
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August 2013
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© 2013 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved
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