Advanced Materials Research Vol. 777

Abstract: Environmental variables, phytoplankton biomass and species composition in Nanhu Lake in Yingdong Village, Chongming Island were monitored from August 2010 to September 2011. The relationship between environmental variables and population variation of phytoplankton was discussed. The results showed that water body morphology was the key factor leading to the variation of phytoplankton community. In river-type waters the level of phytoplankton biomass was generally higher than that in lake-type waters, especially in summer. During the period of seasonal change, in river-type waters Cyanophyta dominated longer with the succession from Cyanophyta to Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta occurred later than that in lake-type waters. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the morphology of enclosed waters had influence on phytoplankton biomass and species composition. One of the mechanisms may be that water body morphology could have impact on the growth and species dynamics of phytoplankton indirectly by affecting nutrient concentrations.

Abstract: Based on the resource water shortage cities as the research object in this paper, we use the factor analysis method to evaluate the degree of water shortage in the resource water shortage cities, while these factors include the unit of GDP water consumption, the unit of industrial output water consumption, per capita water resource, the city population, per capita domestic water consumption and the average annual rainfall. We also take Tianjin, which is most seriously lacking water resource, as a case study, and the case reveals the importance of urban stormwater utilization in the resource water shortage cities. Finally, we propose some strategic measures to utilize urban stormwater resource in the resource water shortage cities.

Abstract: Arsenic concentration changes in small-scale simulating constructed wetland composed with shale ceramic, zeolite, quartz sand and Pteris vittata were examined. During arsenic removal by the constructed wetlands, arsenic interception by the natural media played the main role in the early stage and Pteris vittata uptake played the key role for arsenic removal in the later stable stage. When As (III) concentration in inflow was about 1 mg/L, the arsenic removal ratio by the two was between 22.2% and 66.6% and kept about 33% in the end. Arsenic average content in fronds and roots of Pteris vittata after experiments were respectively 17610 and 2491 mg/kg. Transfer factor was 7.08. Compared with batch tests, arsenic content accumulated in plants increased significantly.

Abstract: Environment polices/systems play vital roles in and are motive powers for the development of environmental protection industry. In order to delve into the facilitating influences of different environment polices/systems at various development stages of the environmental protection industry, the paper analyzes the forces acting on the development of environmental protection industry in combination with the theory of industrial economics and features of the environmental protection industry. Environment polices/systems facilitating the development of environmental protection industry are divided into three major categories: industry demand based, industry supply based and industry regulation based, which are further classified into 24 items. The Delphi method and single factor evaluation model are adopted for the evaluation of the influence degrees imposed by environment policies/systems at different stages of the environmental protection industry on the industrys development and for empirical analyses on the urban sewage treatment industry.

Abstract: Concentration analysis was performed on five chlorination by-products in discharge water from once-through seawater cooling system of Dagang Power Plant in Tianjin. In addition, toxic effects [L (E)C₅₀] analysis was performed from three basic levels of aquatic organisms Scenedemus vacuolatus, Daphnia magna and Oncorhynchus mykiss). Based on this, the quotient method from the Technical Guidance Document (TGD) on Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances by the European Union was adopted to assess the ecological risks of five chlorination by-products in discharge water from once-through seawater cooling system. The results showed that chloral, dichloroacetic acid and pentachlorophenol had environmental risk.

Abstract: Water distribution systems (WDS) are important urban infrastructures which are designed for safely conveying potable water from treatment plant to users tap with adequate quantity and desired quality. The water quality reliability evaluation of WDS has positive and critical meanings for ensuring water supply security, reliability and maintaining a high level of service. In this paper, firstly the evaluation index of water quality reliability of municipal water distribution systems has been set up which is characterized by the residual chlorine availability. Then, taking into account the random nature of component failures, the variation of water demand through the 24 hours of a day and the chlorine variation of the treated water in water plant through the 24 hours of a day, the Monte Carlo-based reliability model are established based on the dynamic link library toolkit provided by EPANET 2.0 for the hydraulic and water quality calculation engine. Finally, the water quality reliability of each node and system is evaluated taking water network of some region in Tianjin Binhai High-tech Area (BHA) as example. The research results can be applied to the whole process from planning and design to operation of WDS, and the theoretical basis and decision support for optimal design and operation of WDS are provided for designers and decision-makers.

Abstract: In long distance water transfer project, the pipeline pressure caused by the change of hydraulic impact on pipeline is the most dangerous, which cavities hammer boost up to the general water several times, the tube explosion phenomenon is most caused by water hammer of cavities collapsing. After long-term practice, two-way surge tower and constant speed buffer air valve effect remarkable on water hammer of cavities collapsing.

Abstract: In order to investigate the carbon components of atmospheric particles, TSP, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were collected and analyzed in July 2008 to June 2010. The results shows that the OC variation of three particles presents of the lower concentration in the middle and the higher on both sides with the highest point in January which is 5 to 7 times of July. The monthly change of concentration was very obvious in PM_2.5 and OC was mainly from fuel combustion. The monthly variation of EC is not very clear in TSP, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 with the range of 3.06 ± 1.23 μg/m³, 2.44 ± 1.18 μg/m³, 1.55 ± 0.50 μg/m³. EC mainly came from the direct emissions of combustion sources. The concentration of EC was stable in the year. OC / EC is more than 2 in major months, which indicates that secondary chemical reaction has occurred and it is strongest in January and December.

Abstract: In order to investigate the concentration characteristic of atmospheric particles, TSP, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were collected in July 2008 to June 2010. This study investigates the mass concentration of atmospheric particles in each month. The results show the three particle concentrations reached the lowest value in July, while the peak in January. Compared with the national secondary standard, TSP and PM₁₀ were exceeded in January, February, March, April, November, and December and PM_2.5 concentrations is above 2 to 8 times of the EU standard (15 μg/m³). Fine particles (PM_2.5) and coarse particles (PM_{2. 5-10}) are major component of atmospheric particles. The mass concentration of atmospheric particles on day is higher than at night in major months and lower in May and June. However, it is not obvious in July, August and September.

Abstract: Through the analysis on the data of monitoring water quality of typical reservoirs in Liaoning province, the major reservoirs in the province are in the state of mesotrophication or even eutrophication. The main pollutants are DO-consumption organic pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. Despite years of special treatment, quality indexes about such nutrients are still high and they severely restrict improvement of the water quality. On the basis of the primary research, this article analyses the main reason for production of phosphorus and nitrogen, estimates the annual load of non point sources pollution and provides a basis for controlling of the pollution.