Advanced Materials Research Vol. 911

Abstract: Properties of Porous Concrete Paving Blocks (PCPB) were investigated in this study. Two groups of coarse aggregate sizes were performed; passing 8 mm retains 5 mm and passing 10 mm retains 8 mm. For mixture design, 100 % of coarse aggregate were used. However, fine aggregate was eliminated in this investigation. The density, water absorption, flakiness index and elongation index test were performed to determine the properties of the coarse aggregate used in this study. Compression test and skid resistance test were used to evaluate the performance of PCPB. The results show that PCPB containing coarse aggregate size 5 8 mm give high compressive strength compared to others PCPB specimen. In addition, both PCPB specimens give an in increasing in skid resistance approximately 30 % compared to Concrete Paving Blocks (CPB).

Abstract: This paper reports the results on deflection behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beam conducted using irregular-shaped Polyethylene Terephthalate (IPET) as a fibre. Three volume fraction of IPET fibre is used namely, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. All RC beam specimens are tested under four point loading under flexural capacity behaviour. The results for deflection behaviour namely cracking stage, yield stage and ultimate stage and ductility are reported. The results than are compared with control RC beam. It is found that the addition of IPET fibre improves the first crack and ultimate strength as well as ductility of RC beams proportional to the increment of volume fraction of IPET fibre. Therefore, based on the results reported, the addition of IPET fibre significantly increases the deflection behaviour of RC beam.

Abstract: This study presents the characterisation of the air voids distribution for porous asphalt mixtures compacted using gyratory compactor. The distribution of voids content and voids shape within the porous asphalt were characterised for different nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) and specimen height. This is to evaluate the effect of different aggregate size composition and lift thickness on the air voids characteristics of the compacted porous asphalt. Two types of gradations were adopted i.e. Grading A (with NMAS=10 mm) and Grading B (with NMAS=14 mm) and they were fabricated for two different heights (50 and 100 mm). The internal structure was captured using X-ray Computed Tomography and image analysis techniques were used to process and analyse the images. It was found that mixture with coarse aggregate gradation produced larger void size with an elongated shape, which indicates voids connectivity within the mixture compared to fine gradation with more circular and smaller void size.For lift thickness, itacts differentlyfor different aggregate gradations. The specimen produced greater voids connectivity when the fine and coarse gradations were compacted at 100 mm and 50 mm respectively. These show that NMAS and lift thickness influence the mobility of the aggregate particles during compaction which affect the voids formation and determine the effectiveness of the compaction.

Abstract: Nowadays, there are a lot of damaged of road pavement and it become a very serious issue in Malaysia. To minimise the damage of pavement surface and increase durability of flexible pavement, the conventional bitumen needs to be improved with regards to performance related properties. Thus, this study is to investigate the effect of rubber dipping by-product (RDP) on bitumen properties. In order to achieve this aim, the objectives of this study are; i) to determine of non-modified bitumen and the effect of added RDP in different concentration on bitumen properties; and ii) to compare non-modified bitumen and RDP modified bitumen in terms of physical properties. RDP is waste material from natural rubber industrial and it is in solid forms. Bitumen grade 80/100 PEN was used in this study. Laboratory tests were penetration, softening point, viscosity, rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) tests. The findings show that addition of RDP causes the modified bitumen harder than before, indicate higher temperature susceptibility and increased viscosity properties. From the study stated that the suggested proportion of RDP to be mixed with bitumen is 10 percent by total weight.

Abstract: Porous concrete pavement is being used as one of the solution to decrease the storm water runoff by capturing and allowing rain water to drain into the land surface. The main problem of porous concrete pavement is the strength itself. The objective of this paper is to review the use and performance of nanosilica in porous concrete pavement. From the literature review of the previous research, it was found that the conventional porous concrete pavement doesn't has good strength for pavement purpose. An addition of nanomaterial will improve the physical and chemical properties of the porous concrete pavement.

Abstract: This work has carried out on Type 316L stainless steel of hollow bar specimen. The aim of this work is to determine the fatigue life prediction using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The simulation performed by applied the different stress level to predict the stress of operation to measured life at the measured of operation stress. The simulation emphasis is focused upon the importance of characterize the fatigue limit with compared to data experimental. Comparison of fatigue limit between both simulation and experiment is 150 MPa and 161 MPa, respectively which will provide good agreement in terms of accuracy prediction even various aspects should be taken into account in simulation.

Abstract: This paper sought to evaluate the influences of different levels of waste rubber tyre (rubber granules) as an aggregate replacement in the production of double layer concrete paving blocks (CPBs). Waste rubber tyres were used as an aggregate replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The characteristics of the double layer rubberized CPB were examined via a series of tests. According to the results, the density, porosity, and compressive strength of the double layer rubberized CPB is highly influenced by the percentage of rubber content. The compressive strength test has proven that by using rubber granules as an aggregate, the compressive strength is able to be manipulated. As the percentage of rubber granules increase, the compressive strength will decrease as the amount of solid, load-carrying material reduces. Compressive strength was at its peak when the rubber content was at 10%. 1-4 mm rubber granules were used as a replacement of fine aggregate and 5-8 mm rubber granules as coarse aggregate; both at the level of 40%. As a result, a double layer rubberized CPB with 28-days compressive strength of maximum 28 MPa is produced.

Abstract: The tools developed in the design of retaining structures focus mainly on aspects of design and stability analysis of the structural components. We propose in this paper the construction of an information base that serves not only to calculate conventional retaining structures, but can also help in the selection of the optimal type of structure, best suited to the economic and environmental situation of a project. For this purpose, we begin firstly by a general patterning of retaining structures, and then, we conduct a systematic analysis of the retaining structures built in its environment, to detect any kind of existing interaction and interrelation. Structuring and formalizing the derived information is the last step of this work. We present in this paper only an information base that eliminates the bad retaining structures related to the project context.

Abstract: This paper describes the experimental investigation on the cracking propagation and pattern of reinforced concrete beam containing PET aggregate as fine aggregate that subjected to shear. The replacement ratio of 25%, 50% and 75% were used in this study. Prior to structural test, the materials properties which include the compressive strength test, split tensile test, Modulus of Elasticity test and density were determined. The result obtained showed that the inclusion of PET aggregate reduce the initial loading cracks to 27%, 38% and 46% compared to their corresponding normal concrete ; thus affecting the shear resistance of the structural beam especially the ability of the beam to resist shear via interface friction and interlocking between aggregate.

Abstract: The objective of this work is an analysis of the use of high performance concrete and it impact on the morphology and structure costs. The use of high performance concrete (HPC) in the construction of buildings and civil engineering works offers advantages in terms of durability, ease of implementation, reduction of deformation and shrinkage, increase the resistance of reinforced concrete structures. The economic benefits of the use of high performance concrete, compared to conventional concrete are illustrated by the reduction of the following costs: the implementation of concrete, the geometric sections of bearing elements of the built space and the maintenance of structures. The cost of high performance concrete, for the resistance inferior to 80 Mpa, gives a significative advantage comparatively to the steel and the ordinary concrete. The generalized use of this type of concrete in many countries has been stimulated by a national plan.